A Research on Species Diversity and Ethno Botanical Utilization of Lamiaceae Family in Southern Turkey

Abstract

Lamiaceae/Labiatae family includes the highest number of commercially used species such as mint, rosemary, thyme, oregano, lavender, marjoram and sage. These species are generally used as flavoring additives in meat dishes, sausage products, seafood, stews, salads, canned foods, sauces and soups. In this study, the species diversity of Lamiaceae family members in Akseki-İbradı-Manavgat districts of Antalya in southern Turkey and their ethnobotanical utilization in the region and in the literatures were presented. 149 taxa (131 at species level) belonging to 27 genera of Lamiaceae were identified in the study area. Of these, 50 taxa (33.56%) are endemic to Turkey. The native people harvest species from wild populations and generally air-dry them under sun or on shadow places. They consume and sell mainly air-dried Origanum onites (Turkish oregano) leaves. They obtain essential oil traditionally by steam distillation from Origanum majorana (white marjoram) due to its high oil yield and efficiency. Herbal treatments are used for cure various diseases such as strong cough, chronic cold, wounds, gastrointestinal disorders and skin problems. Wild-crafting of populations may cause genetic erosion of the species. The sustainability of these species should be maintained by genetic resource conservation programs by in situ and ex situ conservation strategies.    

Keywords

• Ethnobotany,Lamiaceae,Oregano,Traditional knowledge,Variation

Türkiye'nin Güneyinde Lamiaceae Ailesinin Tür Çeşitliliği ve Etnobotanik Kullanımı Üzerine Bir Araştırma

Abstract

Ballıbabagiller (Lamiaceae/Labiatae) ailesi nane, biberiye, kekik, mercanköşk, lavanta ve adaçayı gibi en fazla ticari olarak kullanılan türleri içerir. Bu türler genellikle et yemekleri, sucuk, deniz ürünleri, güveçler, salatalar, konserve yiyecekler, soslar ve çorbalarda lezzet verici olarak kullanılır. Bu çalışmada, Akseki-İbradı-Manavgat (Antalya) ilçelerinde yayılış gösteren  Lamiaceae ailesine ait türlerin çeşitliliği ile bunların bölgedeki ve kaynaklardaki etnobotanik kullanımları sunulmuştur. Çalışma alanında, Lamiaceae’nin 27 cinsine ait 149 takson (131 tür) tespit edilmiştir. Bunlardan 50 takson (%33.56) Türkiye’ye özgü olan endemik bitkilerdir. Yöre halkı, kullanacakları türleri doğal popülasyonlardan toplayıp genellikle güneş altında veya gölge yerlerde kurutmaktadır. Yöre halkı, başlıca kuru Origanum onites (Türk Kekiği)’i tüketir ve satar. Yüksek yağ verimi ve etkinliği nedeniyle geleneksel olarak Origanum majorana (Akkekik)’dan damıtma ile yağ elde edilmektedir. Elde edilen bitkisel ürünler, yöre halkı tarafından şiddetli öksürük, kronik soğuk algınlığı, yaralar, mide-bağırsak bozuklukları ve cilt problemleri gibi çeşitli hastalıkların tedavisinde kullanılmaktadır. Bitki örneklerinin aşırı bir şekilde doğadan yabanıl populasyonlardan toplanması türlerin genetik erozyona uğramasına sebep olabilir.  Doğal popülasyonların sürdürülebilirliğini sağlamak için, in situ ve ex situ koruma yöntemleri gibi farklı genetik kaynak koruma programları uygulanmalıdır. 

Keywords

• Lamiaceae,Etnobotanik,Kekik,Geleneksel bilgi,Varyasyon

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