Organofosfatlı Pestisitlerin Pilot Ölçekli Sulak Alan Reaktörlerinde Gideriminin İncelenmesi

Abstract

Modern tarımın yaygınlaşmasıyla birlikte dünyada pestisit kullanımı artmıştır. Birçok ülkede olduğu gibi ülkemizde de aşırı ve bilinçsizce pestisit kullanımı sonucunda su ve toprak ortamında giderek artan miktarlarda pestisit kirlenmesi görülmektedir. Meriç- Ergene Havzası’nda bulunan ve etrafında yoğun bir şekilde çeltik tarımı yapılan Meriç Deltası sulak alanları da bu kirlenmenin görüldüğü bölgelerden biridir. Bu çalışma kapsamında, Meriç Deltası sulak alanlarından numuneler alınarak organofosfatlı pestisitlerin akıbeti incelenmiştir. Sulak alanları temsil etmesi amacıyla pilot ölçekli reaktörle çalışılmış, seçilen 4 organofosfatlı pestisit (Chlorpyrifos, Dichlorvos, Fenthion, Diazinon) için biyolojik ayrışma ve adsorpsiyon deneyleri yapılmıştır. Pilot ölçekli sistemde, seçilen pestisitlerin yarı ömürleri belirlenmiş ve bitki ve sediment üzerine adsorpsiyon miktarları ölçülmüştür. Aynı zamanda pestisitlerin yeraltı suyuna sızma potansiyelleri GUS (“Groundwater Ubiquity Score” / “Yeraltı Suyunda Mevcudiyet Katsayısı”) kullanılarak hesaplanmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlar serbest yüzey akışlı yapay sulak alan sistemlerinin organofosfatlı pestisitlerin giderimindeki etkinliğini ortaya koymuştur. Bu çalışmadan elde edilen sonuçlar, organofosfatlı pestisitlerin giderimi için önerilen yapay sulak alanların tasarımı için yol gösterici niteliktedir.    

Keywords

• Organofosfatlı pestisitler,Sulak alanlar,Tarımsal kirlilik,Pilot ölçekli reaktör,Meriç - Ergene havzası

Investigating Fate of Organophosphate Pesticides in Pilot Scale Wetland Reactors

Abstract

With the widespread use of modern agriculture, the use of pesticides in the world has increased. As in many countries, pesticide pollution has increasingly been observed in Turkey due to excessive and unconscious use of pesticides. Meric Delta, located in the Meric-Ergene Basin and receiving agricultural drainage from paddy fields, is one of the regions subject to pesticide pollution. In this study, samples were taken from the wetlands in Meric Delta and the fate of four organophosphate pesticides (Chlorpyrifos, Dichlorvos, Fenthion, Diazinon) was investigated in a pilot scale wetland reactor. In the pilot scale reactor set up to represent wetlands in Meric-Ergene Basin, half-lives and adsorption amounts of pesticides to plants and sediments were determined. Additionally, the potential of pesticides for leaching to the groundwater has been determined by calculating GUS (“Groundwater Ubiquity Score”). The results showed the effectiveness of free surface flow constructed wetlands in organophosphate pesticide removal. The results of this study provide key guidelines for the design of constructed wetlands for the mitigation of organophosphate pesticides.    

Keywords

• Organophosphate pesticides,Wetlands,Agricultural pollution,Mesocosms,Meric- Ergene basin

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