Effects of Relatively High Temperature on Thin Films of PbS Fabricated by Chemical Bath Deposition Method

Year 2018, Volume: 22 Issue: Special, 414 - 420, 05.10.2018

Ayça Kıyak Yıldırım

Abstract

Chemical bath deposition (CBD) method was used to deposit thin films of PbS. In the experiments, PbS was obtained at four temperatures which are 55, 65, 75 and 85 °C. The effects of relatively high temperature were investigated in detail. The structural properties of the PbS films were examined by using X-ray diffractometer (XRD). According to the XRD, it was found that when temperature was increased, the preferred orientation shifted from (111) plane to the (002) plane at a deposition temperature higher than 75 °C. Besides, crystallite sizes (cs), lattice constants (a), average stresses (S), micro strains (e) and dislocation densities (d) were obtained from the XRD results. Surface properties of the PbS thin films were researched by using scanning electron microscope (SEM). It was seen from the SEM images that there was crack on the surface of the films when the film was obtained at 55 °C. On the other hand, no cracks were observed in the SEM images of PbS films of 30000 magnifications produced at temperatures higher than 55 °C.

Keywords

Lead sulphide, Thin films; Chemical bath deposition; Temperature

References

• [1] Tohidi, T., Jamshidi-Ghaleh, K., Namdar, A., Abdi-Ghaleh, R. 2014. Comparative studies on the structural, morphological, optical, and electrical properties of nanocrystalline PbS thin films grown by chemical bath deposition using two different bath compositions. Materials Science in Semiconductor Processing, 25, pp.197-206.
• [2] Yang, J., Walker, A. V., 2014. Morphological Control of PbS Grown on Functionalized Self Assembled Monolayers by Chemical Bath Deposition. Langmuir, 30, 6954−6962.
• [3] Soonmin, H., Kassim, A., Weetee, T., 2014. Chemical Bath Deposited Lead Sulphide Thin Films: Preparation and Characterization, World of Mechanics, 1 (1).
• [4] Pentia, E., Pintilie, L., Botila, T., Pintilie, I., Chaparro, A., Maffiotte, C. 2003. Bi influence on growth and physical properties of chemical deposited PbS films. Thin Solid Films, 434(1-2), pp.162-170.
• [5] Jana, S., Thapa, R., Maity, R., Chattopadhyay, K., 2008. Optical and dielectric properties of PVA capped nanocrystalline PbS thin films synthesized by chemical bath deposition. Physica E: Low-dimensional Systems and Nanostructures, 40(10), pp.3121-3126.
• [6] Raniero, L., Ferreira, C., Cruz, L., Pinto, A.,Alves, R., 2010. Photoconductivity activation in PbS thin films grown at room temperature by chemical bath deposition. Physica B: Condensed Matter, 405(5), pp.1283-1286.
• [7] Hussain, A., Begum, A., Rahman, A., 2012. Characterization of Nanocrystalline Lead Sulphide Thin Films Prepared by Chemical Bath Deposition Technique. Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering, 38(1), pp.169-174.
• [8] Yeon, D., Lee, S., Jo, Y., Moon, J., Cho, Y., 2014. Origin of the enhanced photovoltaic characteristics of PbS thin film solar cells processed at near room temperature. Journal of Materials Chemistry, 2(47), pp.20112-20117.
• [9] Saravana Kumaran, T., Parveen Banu, S., 2013. Investigation on Structural and Optical Properties of Chemically Deposited PbS Thin Films. International Journal of Recent Scientific Research, 4(11), pp.1685-1687.
• [10] Preetha, K., Remadevi, T., 2012. Optimization of PbS thin films using different metal ion sources for photovoltaic applications. Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics, 24(2), pp.489-498.
• [11] Karami, H., Ghasemi, M., Matini, S., 2013. International Journal of Electrochemical Science, 8, pp.11661 - 11679.
• [12] Altıokka, B., Baykul, M., Altıokka, M., 2013. Some physical effects of reaction rate on PbS thin films obtained by chemical bath deposition. Journal of Crystal Growth, 384, pp.50-54.
• [13] Pawar, S., Shaikh, J., Devan, R., Ma, Y., Haranath, D., Bhosale, P., Patil, P., 2011. Facile and low cost chemosynthesis of nanostructured PbS with tunable optical properties. Applied Surface Science, 258(5), pp.1869-1875.
• [14] Xiong, Y., Xia, Y., 2007. Shape-Controlled Synthesis of Metal Nanostructures: The Case of Palladium. Advanced Materials, 19(20), pp.3385-3391.
• [15] Khot, K., Mali, S., Pawar, N., Mane, R., Kondalkar, V., Ghanwat, V., Patil, P., Hong, C., Kim, J., Heo, J., Bhosale, P., 2014. Novel synthesis of interconnected nanocubic PbS thin films by facile aqueous chemical route. Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics, 25(9), pp.3762-3770.
• [16] Bhushan, S., Mukharjee, M., Bose, P., 2002. Electro-optical studies in chemically deposited La/Nd doped (Cd-Pb)S films. Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics. 13, 581–584.
• [17] Rajathi, S., Kirubavathi, K., Selvaraju, K., 2017. Structural, morphological, optical, and photoluminescence properties of nanocrystalline PbS thin films grown by chemical bath deposition. Arabian Journal of Chemistry, 10(8), pp.1167-1174.
• [18] Koao, L., Dejene, F., Swart, H., 2014. Synthesis of PbS Nanostructures by Chemical Bath Deposition Method. International Journal of Electrochemical Science, 9, pp.1747-1757.
• [19] Mousa, A., Hassen, S., Mohmoed, S., 2014. Effect of Deposition Parameters on Kinematics Growth and Optical Properties of PbS Nano Films Deposited by Chemical Bath Deposition. International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy, 34, pp.1-10.
• [20] Soetedjo, H., Aziz,, B., Aziz, I., Sudjatmoko, S., 2017. Low resistivity of Cu and Fe doped PbS thin films prepared using dc sputtering technique,. Journal of Non-Oxide Glasses, 9, pp.55–63.
• [21] Bhowmik, R., Murty, M., Srinadhu, E., 2008. Magnetic modulation in mechanical alloyed Cr1.4Fe0.6O3 oxide. PMC Physics B, 1(1), p.20.
• [22] Fouda, A., Marzook, M., Abd El-Khalek, H., Ahmed, S., Eid, E., El Basaty, A., 2016. Structural and Optical Characterization of Chemically Deposited PbS Thin Films. Silicon, 9(6), pp.809-816.
• [23] Altıokka, B., 2015. Effects of Inhibitor on PbS Thin Films Obtained by Chemical Bath Deposition. Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering, 40(7), pp.2085-2093.
• [24] Kıyak Yıldırım, A., Altıokka, B., 2018. Some Physical Properties of The PbS Films Obtained By Chemical Bath Deposition Using Different Molarity Pb(NO3)2 Solution. Dicle University Institute of Natural and Applied Science Journal, 7(1).
• [25] Kole, A., Kumbhakar, P., 2012. Cubic-to-hexagonal phase transition and optical properties of chemically synthesized ZnS nanocrystals. Results in Physics, 2, pp.150-155.