Effects of Nitrogen and Sulfur Fertilization on Yield and Quality in Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)

Year 2020, Volume: 24 Issue: 1, 217 - 225, 20.04.2020

Sabri Erbaş Ali Şenateş

https://doi.org/10.19113/sdufenbed.678524

Cited By: 2

Abstract

This study was carried out to determine the effects of nitrogen (0, 5, 10, 15 kg N/da) and sulfur (0, 5, 10, 15 kg S/da) applications on yield and quality characteristics of sunflower in Isparta University of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Field Crops in 2014 and 2015 years. The experiment design was in split plots of randomized complete blocks (Nitrogen doses were placed in the main plots) with three replications. The differences of all features between years in the study; differences between N doses of other properties except hull and oil content; differences between S doses of other properties except fat ratio were found to be significant at 1% level. According to our results, seed yield varied between 235.4-348.6 kg/da (N0S0-N5S5) in 2014 and 174.4-327.4 kg/da (N0S0-N10S5) in 2015. Seed yield, which was 231.9 kg/da in control plots, increased by 31.3% up to 10 kg/da and reached 304.4 kg / da according to the average of N dosage. According to the average of S dosage, the highest seed yield was obtained from 5 kg/da (302.8 kg/da) and the lowest control plots (248.4 kg/da). The oil content increased by 2.1% and 5.0%, respectively, in the application of high N and S doses compared to the control. As a result; in Isparta conditions, it can be recommended to use 10 kg N/da nitrogen and 5 kg S/da sulfur in order to obtain higher yield and quality in oilseed sunflower cultivation.

Keywords

Sunflower, Helianthus annuus, Nitrogen, Sulphur, Yield and quality

Ayçiçeği (Helianthus annuus L.)’nde Azot ve Kükürt Gübrelemesinin Verim ve Kaliteye Etkileri

Abstract

Bu araştırmada ayçiçeğinde azot (0, 5, 10, 15 kg N/da) ve kükürt (0, 5, 10, 15 kg S/da) uygulamalarının verim ve kalite özellikleri üzerine etkilerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Isparta Uygulamalı Bilimler Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Tarla Bitkileri Bölümü’nde 2014 ve 2015 yıllarında yürütülmüştür. Deneme bölünmüş parseller deneme deseninde kurulmuş, ana parsellere azot ve alt parsellere de kükürt dozları uygulanmıştır. Çalışmada bütün özelliklerin yıllar arasındaki farklılıkları; kabuk oranı ve yağ oranı hariç diğer özelliklerin N dozları arasındaki farklılıklar; yağ oranı hariç diğer özelliklerin S dozları arasındaki farklılıkları %1 düzeyinde önemli bulunmuştur. Elde dilen sonuçlara göre, tohum verimi 2014 yılında 235.4-348.6 kg/da (N0S0-N5S5) ve 2015 yılında ise 174.4-327.4 kg/da (N0S0-N10S5) arasında değişmiştir. Azot dozu ortalamalarına göre kontrol parsellerinde 231.9 kg/da olan tohum verimi 10 kg/da’a kadar %31.3 oranında artış göstermiş ve 304.4 kg/da’a ulaşmıştır. Kükürt dozu ortalamalarına göre en yüksek tohum verimi 5 kg/da uygulamasından (302.8 kg/da) ve en düşük kontrol parsellerinden (248.4 kg/da) elde edilmiştir. Tohumların yağ içeriği kontrole göre yüksek N ve S dozu uygulamasında sırasıyla %2.1 ve %5.0 oranında artmıştır. Sonuç olarak; Isparta koşullarında yağlık ayçiçeği yetiştiriciliğinde daha yüksek tane verimi ve kalitesi için 10 kg N/da azot ile 5 kg S/da kükürt kullanılmalıdır.

Keywords

Ayçiçeği, Helianthus annuus, Azot, Kükürt, Verim ve kalite

References

• [1] Anonim, 2020a. http://www.fao.org/faostat/ en/#data/QC (Erişim Tarihi: 10.01.2020).
• [2] Anonim, 2020b. http://www.bysd.org.tr/Dis TicaretRakamlari/(Erişim Tarihi: 10.01.2020).
• [3] Gültekin, S. 2018. Isparta Koşullarında Bazı Oleik ve Linoleik Asit İçeren Yağlık Hibrit Ayçiçeği (Helianthus annuus L.) Çeşitlerinin Verim ve Kalite Özelliklerinin Belirlenmesi. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, 68 s, Isparta.
• [4] Habib, H., Mehdi, S.S., Rashid A., Anjum, M.A. 2006. Genetic Association and Path Analysis for Seed Yield in Sunflower. Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 43,136-139.
• [5] Cakmak, I. 2002. Plant Nutrition Research Priorities to Meet Human Needs for Food in Sustainable Ways. Plant Soil. 247,3-24.
• [6] Gudade, B.A., Thakur, M.R., Ulemale, R.B., Imade, S.R., Bodhade, M.S. 2009. Nutrient Uptake, Soil Nutrient Status and Quality of New Sunflower Varieties as Influenced by Fertilizer Levels. Journal of Soils and Crops, 19 (2), 355-359.
• [7] Marschner, H. 1995. Mineral Nutrition of Higher Plants. Academic Pres, London Sed. Ed. p. 255-264.
• [8] Hassan, F., Hakim, S.A., Manaf, A., Qadir, G., Ahmad, S. 2007. Response of Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) to Sulphur and Seasonal Variations. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology, 9(3),499-503.
• [9] Demir, İ. 2009. Azot ve Kükürdün Ayçiçeğinde (Helianthus annuus L.) Verim ve Verim öğeleri ile Bazı Kalite Özellikleri Üzerine Etkisi. Ankara Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Doktora Tezi, 113 s, Ankara.
• [10] Poonia, K.L. 2000. Effect of Planting Geometry, Nitrogen and Sulfur on Growth and Yield of Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). Journal of Eco-Physiology, 3, 59-71.
• [11] Najar, G.R., Singh, S.R., Akthar, F. Hakeem, S.A. 2011. Influence of Sulphur levEls on Yield, Uptake and Quality of Soyabean (Glycine max) under Temperate Conditions of Kashmir Valley. Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 81(4), 340-343.
• [12] Rowell, D.L. 1996. Soil Science: Methods and Applications. Longman. London.
• [13] Anonim, 2020c. Meteoroloji Genel Müdürlüğü.
• [14] AOAC, 2005. Official method of Analysis. 18th Edition, Association of Officiating Analytical Chemists, Washington DC.
• [15] SAS Institute. 1999. INC SAS/STAT User’s Guide Release7.0, Cary, NC, USA.
• [16] Evci, G., Pekcan. V., Yılmaz M.İ., Kaya, Y., 2011. Ayçiçeğinde (Helianthus annuus L.) Yağ kalitesi ve verim öğeleri arasındaki ilişkilerin belirlenmesi. Türkiye IX. Tarla Bitkileri Kongresi, 12-15 Eylül, Bursa, 2,815-820.
• [17] Connor, D.J., Hall, A.J. 1997. Sunflower Physiology. A.A.Schneiter (ed.) Sunflower Technology and Production. ASA, SCSA Monograph. No: 35, Madison, WI. 113-182.
• [18] Kaya, Y., Evci, G., Durak, S., Pekcan, V. ve Gücer, T. 2006 Farklı Çevre Koşullarında Ayçiçeğinde (Helianthus annuus L.) Tane Verimi ve Diğer Verim Öğeleri Arasında İlişkilerin Belirlenmesi. Trakya University Journal of Natural Sciences, 7(1), 37-44.
• [19] Bhagat, G.J., Abdul, H., Bonde, S.P., Giri, M.D., Mohammed, S. 2003. Effect of Irrigation and Sulphur Levels on Growth and Yield Attributes of Rabi Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). Research on Crops, 4(1), 56-59.
• [20] Ramu, Y.R., Reddy, P.M. 2003. Growth and Yield of Sunflower as Influenced by Nitrogen and Sulphur Nutrition. Indian Journal of Dryland Agricultural Research and Development, 18(2), 192-195.
• [21] Şahin, T. 2015. Tokat-Erbaa Şartlarında Bazı Ayçiçeği (Helianthus annuus L.) Çeşitlerinin Performanslarının Belirlenmesi. Gaziosmanpaşa Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, 65s, Tokat.
• [22] Gül, V., Kara, K. 2015. Effects of Different Nitrogen Doses on Yield and Quality Traits of Common Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). Turkish Journal of Field Crops, 20(2), 159-165.
• [23] Ishfaq, M. 2010. Productivity of Sunflower Hybrids as Influenced by Sulphur-Nitrogen Nutrition and Varying Plant Population. Faculty of Agriculture, University of Agriculture, PhD Thesis, 218 p, Pakistan.
• [24] Khan, J.M., Khan, H.M., Khattak, A.R. Jan, T.M. 2006. Response of Maize to diffErent Levels of Sulphur. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 37(1), 41-51.
• [25] Khan, H., Rehman, U.H., Bakht, J., Khan, A.S., Hussain, I., Khan, A., Ali, S. 2013. Genotype × Environment Interaction and Heritability Estimates for Some Agronomic Characters in Sunflower. The Journal of Animal & Plant Sciences, 23(4), 1177-1184.
• [26] Namvar, A., Khandan, T. Shojaei, M. 2012. Effects of Bio and Chemical Nitrogen Fertilizer on Grain and Oil Yield of Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) under Different Rates of Plant Density. Annals of Biology Research, 3(2), 1125-1131.
• [27] Evci G., Kaya, Y., Pekcan, V., Durak, S., Kahraman, T. 2006. The Determination of the Effect of Cover Crop Before Sunflower Production on Seed Yield, the Application of Nitrogen Rate and Water Content in the Soil in Trakya Region. Trakya University Journal of Natural Science, 7(1), 71-75.
• [28] Shamima N., Imamul Huq, S.M. 2002. Effect of Sulphur Fertilizer on Yield and Nutrient Uptake of Sunflower Crop in an Albaquept Soil. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, 5, 533-536.
• [29] Iqbal, A. 2008. Production Potential of Autumn Planted Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L). Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, PhD Thesis, Pakistan. [30] Scheiner, J.D., Guterrez-Boem, F.H., Lavado R.S. 2002. Sunflower Nitrogen Requirement and 15 N Fertilizer Recovery in Western Pampas, Argentina. European Journal of Agronomy, 17, 73-79.
• [31] Misra, S.K., Sing, R.N., Tiwari, V.N., Tiwari K.H. 2002. Effect of Sulphur Fertilizer on Quality Characteristics of Mustard Seed in Five Cultivars. Journal of the Indian Society of Soil Science, 50(1), 141-143.
• [32] Manaf, A., Hassan, F. 2006. Effects of Sulphur on Fatty Acid Accumulation in Brassica Cultivars. International Journal of Agriculture & Biology, 5, 588-592.