Eskişehir Lületaşı Atıklarından Sütunlanmış Kil Üretimi ve Karakterizasyonu

Year 2020, Volume: 24 Issue: 2, 487 - 493, 26.08.2020

Naile Karakehya Ceyda Bilgiç

https://doi.org/10.19113/sdufenbed.686851

Abstract

Kil mineralleri, pek çok endüstriyel uygulamada çok eski çağlardan beri kullanılan doğal nano-maddelerdir. Bu mineralleri, adsorban veya katalizör olarak daha kullanışlı hale getirmek için uygulanan işlemlerden biri de hidroksi metal katyonlar ile sütunlamadır. Bu işlem ile tabakalı yapıların gözenek boyutu değiştirilebilir. Bu çalışmada iki tür sütunlanmış kil incelenmiştir. Birincisi, Eskişehir lületaşı tesisi atıklarından alfa-sepiyolit kullanılarak üretilen Al-sütunlanmış sepiyolittir. Diğer sütunlanmış kil (Al-sütunlanmış montmorillonit) ise ticari bir üründür. Al-sütunlanmış sepiyolit ve Al-sütunlanmış montmorillonitin bir lineer alkan serisi ile bazı yüzey etkileşimlerini değerlendirmek için sonsuz seyrelme koşullarında ters gaz kromatografisi (TGK) uygulanmıştır. Sütunlanmış killerin çeşitli fiziksel ve kimyasal özellikleri taramalı elektron mikroskopisi (SEM), X-ışını kırınım (XRD) metodu ve Fourier Dönüşümlü Kızılötesi (FT-IR) spektroskopisi yardımıyla değerlendirilmiştir.

Keywords

Sepiyolit, Montmorillonit, Sütunlanmış-kil, Ters gaz kromatografisi, Atık değerlendirme

Preparation and Characterization of Pillared Clay from Eskişehir Meerschaum Wastes

Abstract

Clay minerals are natural nano-materials that have been used in many industrial applications since ancient times. One of the processes applied to make these minerals more useful as adsorbent or catalyst, is pillaring with hydroxy metal cations. Through this process, the pore size of the layered structures can be changed. In this study, two kinds of pillared clays were examined. The first one was Al-pillared sepiolite produced using alpha-sepiolite from Eskişehir meerschaum facility wastes. The other pillared clay (Al-pillared montmorillonite) was a commercial product. Inverse gas chromatography (IGC) at infinite dilution conditions was applied to evaluate the some surface interactions of Al-pillared sepiolite and Al-pillared montmorillonite with a series of linear alkane. Various physical and chemical properties of the pillared-clays have been evaluated with the aid of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) method and Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy.

Keywords

Sepiolite, Montmorillonite, Pillared-clay, Inverse gas chromatography, Waste utilization

References

• [1] Lazarević, S., Janković-Častvan, I., Jovanović, D., Milonjić, S., Janaćković, D., Petrović, R. 2007. Adsorption of Pb2+, Cd2+ and Sr2+ ions onto natural and acid-activated sepiolites. Applied Clay Science, 37, 47-57.
• [2] Uz, N. 2013. Stone carving in the locality of eskişehir with its natural and cultural properties: meerschaum. Journal of Arts and Humanities, 2, 140-148.
• [3] Işık, İ. 1995. Lületaşı (meerschaum) atıklarının pipo filtresi olarak kullanılabilirliği ve aktif karbon filtre ile karşılaştırılması. Endüstriyel Hammaddeler Sempozyumu, 21-22 Nisan, İzmir, 247-255.
• [4] Balci, S., Dinçer, Y. 2002. Ammonium ion adsorption with sepiolite: use of transient uptake method. Chemical Engineering and Processing: Process Intensification, 41, 79-85.
• [5] Vicente M. A., Gil A., Bergaya F. 2013. Pillared clays and clay minerals. ss 523-557. Bergaya, F., Lagaly, G. ed. 2013. Development in Clay Science: Handbook of Clay Science, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 813s.
• [6] Figueras, F. 2012. Pillared clays as catalysts. Catalysis Reviews: Science and Engineering, 30, 457-499.
• [7] Carriazo, J. G. 2007. Influence of iron removal on the synthesis of pillared clays: a surface study by nitrogen adsorption, XRD and EPR. Applied Clay Science, 67-68, 99-105.
• [8] Kloprogge, J. T. 1998. Synthesis of smectites and porous pillared clay catalysts: a review. Journal of Porous Materials, 5, 5-41.
• [9] Manohar, D. M., Noeline, B. F., Anirudhan, T. S. 2006. Adsorption performance of Al-pillared bentonite clay for the removal of cobalt(II) from aqueous phase. Applied Clay Science, 31, 194-206.
• [10] Cordeiro, N., Gouveia, C., Moraes, A. G. O., Amico, S. C. 2010. Natural fibers characterization by inverse gas chromatography. Carbohydrate Polymers, 84, 110-117.
• [11] Matsushita, Y., Wada, S., Fukushima, K., Yasuda, S. 2006. Surface characteristics of phenol–formaldehyde–lignin resin determined by contact angle measurement and inverse gas chromatography. Industrial Crops and Products, 23, 115-121.
• [12] Hole, B. B., Keller, D. S., Burry, W. M., Schwarz, J. A. 2011. Surface energetics of bone mineral and synthetic hydroxyapatite using inverse gas chromatography. Journal of Chromatography B, 879, 1847-1850.
• [13] Pérez-Mendoza, M., Almazán-Almazán, C., Méndez-Liñán, L., Domingo-García, M., López-Garzón, F. J. 2008. Evaluation of the dispersive component of the surface energy of active carbons as determined by inverse gas chromatography at zero surface coverage. Journal of Chromatography A, 1214, 121-127.
• [14] Bilgiç, C., Karakehya, N. 2016. Inverse gas chromatographic characterization of polystyrene and organo-montmorillonite/polystyrene nanocomposites. Journal of Adhesion Science and Technology, 30, 1945-1956.
• [15] Díaz, E., Ordóñez, S., Vega, A., Coca, J. 2004. Adsorption characterisation of different volatile organic compounds over alumina, zeolites and activated carbon using inverse gas chromatography. Journal of Chromatography A, 1049, 139-146.
• [16] Lazarević, S., Radovanović, Ž., Veljović, Dj., Onjia, A., Janaćković, Dj. Petrović, R. 2009. Characterization of Sepiolite by Inverse Gas Chromatography at İnfinite and Finite Surface Coverage. Applied Clay Science, 43, 41-48.
• [17] Santos, J. M. R. C. A., Guthrie, J. T. 2005. Analysis of interactions in multicomponent polymeric systems: the key-role of inverse gas chromatography. Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports, 50, 79-107.
• [18] Gil, A., Vicente, M. A., Lambert, J. -F., Gandı́a, L. M. 2001. Platinum catalysts supported on Al-pillared clays: application to the catalytic combustion of acetone and methyl-ethyl-ketone. Catalysis Today, 68, 41-51.
• [19] Yeniyol, M. 2014. Characterization of two forms of sepiolite and related Mg-rich clay minerals from yenidoğan (Sivrihisar, Turkey). Clay Minerals, 49, 91-108.
• [20] Bilgiç, C., Karakehya, N. 2017. Preparatıon and characterızatıon of pıllared clays, 15th International Conference on Environmental Science and Technology, 31 August - 2 September, Rhodes, Greece, 5s.
• [21] Tabak, A., Eren, E., Afsin, B., Caglar, B. 2009. Determination of Adsorptive properties of a Turkish sepiolite for removal of reactive blue 15 anionic dye from aqueous solutions. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 161, 1087-1094.
• [22] Kumararaja, P., Manjaiah, K. M., Datta, S. C., Sarkar, B. 2017. Remediation of metal contaminated soil by aluminium pillared bentonite: synthesis, characterisation, equilibrium study and plant growth experiment. Applied Clay Science, 137, 115-122.
• [23] Ongen, A., Ozcan, H. K., Ozbas, E. E., Balkaya, N. 2012. Adsorption of astrazon blue FGRL onto sepiolite from aqueous solutions. Desalination and Water Treatment, 40, 129-136.
• [24] Viseras, C., Lopez-Galindo, A. 1999. Pharmaceutical applications of some Spanish clays (sepiolite, palygorskite, bentonite): some preformulation studies. Applied Clay Science, 14, 69-82.
• [25] Schmitt, P., Koerper, E., Schultz, J., Papirer, E. 1988. Characterization, by inverse gas chromatography, of the surface properties of calcium carbonate before and after treatment with stearic acid. Chromatographia, 25, 786-790.
• [26] Aşkın, A., Yazıcı, D. T. 2005. Surface Characterization of Sepiolite by inverse gas chromatography. Chromatographia, 61, 625-631.
• [27] Bandosz, T. J., Jagiello, J., Amankwah, K. A. G., Schwarz, J. A. 1992. Chemical and structural properties of clay minerals modified by inorganic and organic material. Clay Minerals, 27, 435-444.
• [28] Yan, Y., Gao, Y., Tang, W., Li, Q., Zhang, J. 2016. Characterization of high-alumina coal fly ash based silicate material and its adsorption performance to CO2. Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering, 33, 1369-1379.
• [29] Bilgiç, C., Tümsek, F. 2007. Determination of the acid/base properties of MgY and NH4Y molecular sieves by inverse gas chromatography. Journal of Chromatography A, 1162, 83-89.
• [30] Wetterer, S. M., Lavrich, D. J., Cummings, T., Bernasek, S. L. , Scoles, G. 1998. Energetics and Kinetics of the Physisorption of Hydrocarbons on Au(111). The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 102, 9266-9275.