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GÜNEY KORE’DE KENDİNE ÖZGÜ DEMOKRATİK BAŞKANLIK SİSTEMİ

Year 2019, Volume: 9 Issue: 2, 1 - 82, 02.01.2020

Abstract

Güney Kore’nin ilk kurucu Anayasası 1948 tarihli Anayasa’dır. Bu Anayasa ile
ilk demokratik başkanlık sistemi kurulmuştur. Fakat Haziran 1950’de Kore Savaşı’nın
patlak vermesinden sonraki dönemde, Başkan Rhee, 1960 yılına kadarki görev süresi
esnasında otoriter uygulamalar gerçekleştirmiştir. 1960, 1962, 1972 ve 1980
Cumhuriyet Anayasa’ları yapılmasına rağmen, demokratik başkanlık sistemi
yerleştirilememiş, bu dönemlerde hep otoriter uygulamalar gerçekleşmiştir. 1987
yılında, toplumsal baskıların da bir neticesi olarak Altıncı Cumhuriyet Anayasası’nın
kabul edilmesi ile birlikte demokratik başkanlık sistemine geçilmiştir. 1987
Anayasası’nda, önceki Anayasa’lara kıyasla Başkan’ın yetkilerinde önemli kısıntılara
gidilmiştir. Fakat uygulamada karşılaşılan güçlü başkanlık uygulamaları ve
Başkan’ların çoğunun yolsuzluklara bulaşmış olmaları, bu Anayasa’ya yönelik de
revizyon talepleri güncelliğini korumuştur. Anayasa değişikliğinin muhtevası
konusunda geniş toplumsal ve siyasî çevrelerde yeterli mutabakat sağlanamadığı
için, 42 yıl geçtiği halde, 1987 Anayasası’nda gerekli değişiklikler yapılamamıştır.
Diğer yandan, bu Anayasa döneminde yapılan hukukî düzenleme ve fiilî
uygulamalarla, demokratik başkanlığın konsolide olmasına yönelik önemli
ilerlemeler kaydedilmiştir.

References

  • KAYNAKÇA ABEBE, Adam & ARBAN, Erika & DALY, Tom Gerald, “Symposium: Editors’ Introduction: South Korea at a Crossroads Reflecting on Constitutional Change”, IACL-AIDC BLOG, (June 14, 2018), https://blog-iaclaidc. org/blog/2018/6/13/editors-introduction-south-korea-at-a-crossroads-reflectingon- constitutional-change-77wn8, (ET: 16.06.2019). AYDOĞDU, Yasin, “Güney Kore’de Uygulanan Hükümet Sistemi Üzerine İncelemeler”, Türkiye Adalet Akademisi D., Y. 8, S. 31, Temmuz 2017. AYDOĞDU, Yasin, Seçim Sistemleri ve Türkiye, Adalet y., Ankara, 2015. BAE, Sun Kwang-, “South Korean Politics in Transition: Democratization, Elections, and the Voters”, Regime Change and Regime Maintenance in Asia and the Pacific, (Department of Political and Social Change, Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, Australian National University), 1997, http://pacificinstitute.anu.edu.au/sites/default/files/resourceslinks/ PSC_Regime_WP_20.pdf, (ET. 15.06.2019). BAUMGARTNER, Frank & BROUARD, Sylvain & GROSSMAN, Emiliano & LAZARDEUX, Sébastien & MOODY, Jonathan, “Divided Government, Legislative Productivity, and Policy Change in the USA and France”, Governance, Wiley, Vol. 26, Issue 4, Y. 2013, https://hal-sciencespo.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01053724/document, (ET: 07.07.2019). “Briefing Report Sister City Donghae, South Korea”, August 16, 2018, https://www.cityoffederalway.com/sites/default/files/Documents/Department/ED/F INAL%20Briefing%20Report%20Donghae.pdf, (ET.: 28.06.2019). BUTCHER, Luke, “The Effectiveness of Early Voting – A Case Study of the Republic of Korea”, Draft Paper for the ECPR General Conference, Oslo, Norway, 6-9 September 2017, http://www.electoralmanagement.com/wpcontent/ uploads/2017/01/Luke-Butcher-The-Effectiveness-of-Early-Voting-A-Case- Study-of-the-Republic-of-Korea-ECPR-Conference.pdf, (ET: 25.12.2016). CAN, Osman, “Bir Başkanlık Sistemi Örneği Güney Kore”, Star Gzt., 16.05.2012. 74 Adnan KÜÇÜK SDÜHFD CİLT: 9, SAYI 2, YIL 2019 CHAIBONG, Hahm, “South Korea’s Miraculous Democracy “, Journal of Democracy, Vol. 19, No. 3, July 2008, https://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/reprints/2008/RAND_RP1370.pdf , (ET: 13.06.2019). CHEIBUB, José Antonio, “Minority Presidents, Deadlock Situations, and the Survival of Presidential Democracies”, https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/3e60/78d9159c50050d79babebf798df041aa59ca.pdf, (ET: 01.08.2019). CHEIBUB, Jose Antonio, Presidentialism, Parliamentarism, and Democracy, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2007, http://fdjpkc.fudan.edu.cn/_upload/article/files/10/bd/dd6bb622400a8cccedde721a4 568/8a90b72d-e5bf-477b-aad7-34154990497b.pdf, (ET: 21.05.2018). CHOI, Dai-Kwon, “The Judicial Functions and Independence in Korea”, LAWASIA Comparative Constitutional Law Standing Committee's 4th Conference on Judicial Independence and the Rule of Law held in Bangkok, Thailand, on May 27th- 29th, 1999, https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/c46a/2426d4f6b57fe3219027444ebd633fd94142.pdf, (ET: 11.07.2019). “Constitutional History of Republic of Korea”, IDEA Constitutionnet, http://constitutionnet.org/country/republic-korea, (ET: 22.06.2019). “Constitution Of The Argentine Nation”, http://www.wipo.int/wipolex/en/text.jsp?file_id=282508, (ET: 09.09.2017). “Court Organization Act” (Amended December 27, 2007, Act No. 8794), https://www.wipo.int/edocs/lexdocs/laws/en/kr/kr028en.pdf, (ET: 11.07.2019). CROISSANT, Aurel, “Electoral Politics in South Korea”, Electoral Politics in Southeast and East Asia, (Edt: Aurel CROISSAN &, Gabi BRUNS & Marei JOHN) Library of the Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung, 2002, https://library.fes.de/pdffiles/ iez/01361008.pdf, (ET. 12.06.2019). Güney Kore’de Kendine Özgü Demokratik Başkanlık Sistemi Hakemli Makale 75 SDÜHFD VOL: 9, NO 2, YEAR 2019 “Democracy Around the Regions in 2017”, The Economist İntelligence United Limited, https://pages.eiu.com/rs/753-RIQ- 438/images/Democracy_Index_2017.pdf, (ET: 11.11.2018). DURMAZ, Taner, “Kore Cumhuriyeti Ülke Raporu-2016 ‘The Republic Of Korea Report’ I”, (10.01.2016), http://www.academia.edu/30193090/KORE_CUMHUR%C4%B0YET%C4%B0_RAPO RU_-_2016_1_THE_REPUBLIC_OF_KOREA_REPORT_, (ET: 15.12.2017). “Election Commission Act”, https://elaw.klri.re.kr/eng_mobile/viewer.do?hseq=37417&type=part&key=3, (ET: 08.07.2019). ERDOĞAN, Mustafa, Anayasal Demokrasi, 12. B., Siyasal Kitabevi, Ankara, 2015. ERDOĞAN, Mustafa, Anayasa Hukukuna Giriş, Hukuk y., Ankara, 2017. ERDOĞAN TOSUN, Gülgün & TOSUN, Tanju, Başkanlık ve Yarı Başkanlık Sistemleri, Alfa y., İstanbul, 1999. EREN, Abdurrahman, “‘İtirazım Var’ Başkanlık Sistemine”, Yeni Türkiye, Y. 9, S. 51, Mart-Nisan 2013. GINSBURG, Tom, “The Constitutional Court and the Judicialization of Korean Politics”, New Court in Asia, (Edt: HARDING, Andrew, et al.), Routledge, 2009, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/40716564_The_Constitutional_Court_and _the_Judicialization_of_Korean_Politics, (ET: 10.07.2019). “Government Organization Act of South Korea”, https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Government_Organization_Act_of_South_Korea, (ET: 30.06.2019). GÖZLER, Kemal, Anayasa Hukukunun Genel Esasları, Ekin y., Bursa, 2010. “Güney Kore”, https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%BCney_Kore, (ET: 25.12.2016). “Güney Kore: Tarih ve Sistem”, http://www.foreignpolicy.org.tr/arkaplan/ocak05/tr/aykon3.htm, (ET: 25.12.2016).
Year 2019, Volume: 9 Issue: 2, 1 - 82, 02.01.2020

Abstract

References

  • KAYNAKÇA ABEBE, Adam & ARBAN, Erika & DALY, Tom Gerald, “Symposium: Editors’ Introduction: South Korea at a Crossroads Reflecting on Constitutional Change”, IACL-AIDC BLOG, (June 14, 2018), https://blog-iaclaidc. org/blog/2018/6/13/editors-introduction-south-korea-at-a-crossroads-reflectingon- constitutional-change-77wn8, (ET: 16.06.2019). AYDOĞDU, Yasin, “Güney Kore’de Uygulanan Hükümet Sistemi Üzerine İncelemeler”, Türkiye Adalet Akademisi D., Y. 8, S. 31, Temmuz 2017. AYDOĞDU, Yasin, Seçim Sistemleri ve Türkiye, Adalet y., Ankara, 2015. BAE, Sun Kwang-, “South Korean Politics in Transition: Democratization, Elections, and the Voters”, Regime Change and Regime Maintenance in Asia and the Pacific, (Department of Political and Social Change, Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, Australian National University), 1997, http://pacificinstitute.anu.edu.au/sites/default/files/resourceslinks/ PSC_Regime_WP_20.pdf, (ET. 15.06.2019). BAUMGARTNER, Frank & BROUARD, Sylvain & GROSSMAN, Emiliano & LAZARDEUX, Sébastien & MOODY, Jonathan, “Divided Government, Legislative Productivity, and Policy Change in the USA and France”, Governance, Wiley, Vol. 26, Issue 4, Y. 2013, https://hal-sciencespo.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01053724/document, (ET: 07.07.2019). “Briefing Report Sister City Donghae, South Korea”, August 16, 2018, https://www.cityoffederalway.com/sites/default/files/Documents/Department/ED/F INAL%20Briefing%20Report%20Donghae.pdf, (ET.: 28.06.2019). BUTCHER, Luke, “The Effectiveness of Early Voting – A Case Study of the Republic of Korea”, Draft Paper for the ECPR General Conference, Oslo, Norway, 6-9 September 2017, http://www.electoralmanagement.com/wpcontent/ uploads/2017/01/Luke-Butcher-The-Effectiveness-of-Early-Voting-A-Case- Study-of-the-Republic-of-Korea-ECPR-Conference.pdf, (ET: 25.12.2016). CAN, Osman, “Bir Başkanlık Sistemi Örneği Güney Kore”, Star Gzt., 16.05.2012. 74 Adnan KÜÇÜK SDÜHFD CİLT: 9, SAYI 2, YIL 2019 CHAIBONG, Hahm, “South Korea’s Miraculous Democracy “, Journal of Democracy, Vol. 19, No. 3, July 2008, https://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/reprints/2008/RAND_RP1370.pdf , (ET: 13.06.2019). CHEIBUB, José Antonio, “Minority Presidents, Deadlock Situations, and the Survival of Presidential Democracies”, https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/3e60/78d9159c50050d79babebf798df041aa59ca.pdf, (ET: 01.08.2019). CHEIBUB, Jose Antonio, Presidentialism, Parliamentarism, and Democracy, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2007, http://fdjpkc.fudan.edu.cn/_upload/article/files/10/bd/dd6bb622400a8cccedde721a4 568/8a90b72d-e5bf-477b-aad7-34154990497b.pdf, (ET: 21.05.2018). CHOI, Dai-Kwon, “The Judicial Functions and Independence in Korea”, LAWASIA Comparative Constitutional Law Standing Committee's 4th Conference on Judicial Independence and the Rule of Law held in Bangkok, Thailand, on May 27th- 29th, 1999, https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/c46a/2426d4f6b57fe3219027444ebd633fd94142.pdf, (ET: 11.07.2019). “Constitutional History of Republic of Korea”, IDEA Constitutionnet, http://constitutionnet.org/country/republic-korea, (ET: 22.06.2019). “Constitution Of The Argentine Nation”, http://www.wipo.int/wipolex/en/text.jsp?file_id=282508, (ET: 09.09.2017). “Court Organization Act” (Amended December 27, 2007, Act No. 8794), https://www.wipo.int/edocs/lexdocs/laws/en/kr/kr028en.pdf, (ET: 11.07.2019). CROISSANT, Aurel, “Electoral Politics in South Korea”, Electoral Politics in Southeast and East Asia, (Edt: Aurel CROISSAN &, Gabi BRUNS & Marei JOHN) Library of the Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung, 2002, https://library.fes.de/pdffiles/ iez/01361008.pdf, (ET. 12.06.2019). Güney Kore’de Kendine Özgü Demokratik Başkanlık Sistemi Hakemli Makale 75 SDÜHFD VOL: 9, NO 2, YEAR 2019 “Democracy Around the Regions in 2017”, The Economist İntelligence United Limited, https://pages.eiu.com/rs/753-RIQ- 438/images/Democracy_Index_2017.pdf, (ET: 11.11.2018). DURMAZ, Taner, “Kore Cumhuriyeti Ülke Raporu-2016 ‘The Republic Of Korea Report’ I”, (10.01.2016), http://www.academia.edu/30193090/KORE_CUMHUR%C4%B0YET%C4%B0_RAPO RU_-_2016_1_THE_REPUBLIC_OF_KOREA_REPORT_, (ET: 15.12.2017). “Election Commission Act”, https://elaw.klri.re.kr/eng_mobile/viewer.do?hseq=37417&type=part&key=3, (ET: 08.07.2019). ERDOĞAN, Mustafa, Anayasal Demokrasi, 12. B., Siyasal Kitabevi, Ankara, 2015. ERDOĞAN, Mustafa, Anayasa Hukukuna Giriş, Hukuk y., Ankara, 2017. ERDOĞAN TOSUN, Gülgün & TOSUN, Tanju, Başkanlık ve Yarı Başkanlık Sistemleri, Alfa y., İstanbul, 1999. EREN, Abdurrahman, “‘İtirazım Var’ Başkanlık Sistemine”, Yeni Türkiye, Y. 9, S. 51, Mart-Nisan 2013. GINSBURG, Tom, “The Constitutional Court and the Judicialization of Korean Politics”, New Court in Asia, (Edt: HARDING, Andrew, et al.), Routledge, 2009, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/40716564_The_Constitutional_Court_and _the_Judicialization_of_Korean_Politics, (ET: 10.07.2019). “Government Organization Act of South Korea”, https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Government_Organization_Act_of_South_Korea, (ET: 30.06.2019). GÖZLER, Kemal, Anayasa Hukukunun Genel Esasları, Ekin y., Bursa, 2010. “Güney Kore”, https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%BCney_Kore, (ET: 25.12.2016). “Güney Kore: Tarih ve Sistem”, http://www.foreignpolicy.org.tr/arkaplan/ocak05/tr/aykon3.htm, (ET: 25.12.2016).
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Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Law in Context
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Adnan Küçük 0000-0003-3755-3189

Publication Date January 2, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2019 Volume: 9 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Küçük, A. (2020). GÜNEY KORE’DE KENDİNE ÖZGÜ DEMOKRATİK BAŞKANLIK SİSTEMİ. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi, 9(2), 1-82.
AMA Küçük A. GÜNEY KORE’DE KENDİNE ÖZGÜ DEMOKRATİK BAŞKANLIK SİSTEMİ. SDLR. January 2020;9(2):1-82.
Chicago Küçük, Adnan. “GÜNEY KORE’DE KENDİNE ÖZGÜ DEMOKRATİK BAŞKANLIK SİSTEMİ”. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi 9, no. 2 (January 2020): 1-82.
EndNote Küçük A (January 1, 2020) GÜNEY KORE’DE KENDİNE ÖZGÜ DEMOKRATİK BAŞKANLIK SİSTEMİ. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi 9 2 1–82.
IEEE A. Küçük, “GÜNEY KORE’DE KENDİNE ÖZGÜ DEMOKRATİK BAŞKANLIK SİSTEMİ”, SDLR, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 1–82, 2020.
ISNAD Küçük, Adnan. “GÜNEY KORE’DE KENDİNE ÖZGÜ DEMOKRATİK BAŞKANLIK SİSTEMİ”. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi 9/2 (January 2020), 1-82.
JAMA Küçük A. GÜNEY KORE’DE KENDİNE ÖZGÜ DEMOKRATİK BAŞKANLIK SİSTEMİ. SDLR. 2020;9:1–82.
MLA Küçük, Adnan. “GÜNEY KORE’DE KENDİNE ÖZGÜ DEMOKRATİK BAŞKANLIK SİSTEMİ”. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi, vol. 9, no. 2, 2020, pp. 1-82.
Vancouver Küçük A. GÜNEY KORE’DE KENDİNE ÖZGÜ DEMOKRATİK BAŞKANLIK SİSTEMİ. SDLR. 2020;9(2):1-82.
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