Yeni Hukuki Realizm

Year 2024, Volume: 14 Issue: 2, 1147 - 1193, 23.12.2024

Şefik Taylan Akman

https://doi.org/10.52273/sduhfd..1558743

Abstract

Yeni Hukuki Realizm akımı, 2004 yılında Wisconsin-Madison Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi tarafından düzenlenen bir konferansla ortaya çıkmıştır. Amerikan hukuk sosyolojisi geleneğinin bir uzantısı olarak yeni bir sosyo-hukuki teori geliştirmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Akım, hukuk ve sosyal bilimlerin farklı alanlarında çalışan akademisyenleri disiplinler arası araştırmalar yapmaya teşvik etmektedir. Hukuk alanında yürütülen ampirik çalışmalarda, aşağıdan yukarıya araştırmanın önemini vurgulamaktadır. Böylece, toplumun en alt katmanlarından başlayarak hukukun gerçekliğini ve insanlar üzerindeki etkilerini ortaya koymayı hedeflemektedir. Akımın mensupları bu bağlamda hukuku, toplumun alt katmanlarındaki insanların durumlarını iyileştirmede ve karşılaştıkları sorunları çözmede işlevsel hale getirmeyi amaçlayan bir çaba içindedir. Yaşayan hukukun araştırılması olarak tanımlanabilecek bu çaba, mahkemelerdeki yargısal süreçleri dikkate alarak uygulamadaki hukuku keşfetmeyi de içermektedir. Yeni Hukuki Realizm, ampirizmden beslenmesine rağmen teori ve öğretiye de önem vermektedir. Hukuk sisteminin derinlemesine kavranmasının, nicel ve nitel verilerin hem hukuk hem sosyal bilimleri kapsayan teoriye ve öğretiye dayalı bir bakış açısıyla değerlendirilmesi halinde mümkün olacağını savunmaktadır. Amaç, bir yandan sosyo-hukuki bir teori inşa etmek ve hukuk metodolojisi alanında yeni bir bakış açısı oluşturmak diğer yandan da hukuk uygulaması ve politik karar alma süreçlerinde etkin olmaktır.

Keywords

Yeni Hukuki Realizm, Sosyo-hukuki Çalışmalar, Hukuki Ampirizm, Aşağıdan Yukarıya Yaklaşım, Disiplinler Arası Hukuk Araştırmaları

Supporting Institution

TÜBİTAK

Thanks

Bu çalışma TÜBİTAK 2219 Doktora Sonrası Yurt Dışı Araştırma Burs Programı’nın sağladığı destekle gerçekleştirilmiştir. Wisconsin-Madison Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi’nde bir yıl süreyle misafir öğretim üyesi olarak bulunduğum süreç içerisinde danışmanlığımı yapan Prof. Elizabeth Mertz’e ve ayrıca yardımlarından ötürü Prof. David Trubek ile Prof. Stewart Macaulay’ye teşekkür ederim.

New Legal Realism

Abstract

The New Legal Realism movement emerged from a conference held by the University of Wisconsin-Madison Law School in 2004. It aims to develop a new socio-legal theory as an extension of the American sociology of law tradition. The movement encourages academics working in different branches of law and social sciences to conduct interdisciplinary research. It emphasizes the importance of bottom-up research in empirical studies conducted in the field of law. Thus, the aim is to present the reality of law and its implications for people, starting from the lowest strata of society. In this context, the members of the movement endeavor to make law functional in improving the situations of people in lower societal strata and resolving the issues they face. This endeavor, which can be defined as the investigation of living law, also includes exploring the law in action by considering judicial processes in courts. Despite being nourished by empiricism, New Legal Realism also places importance on theory and doctrine. The argument is that a thorough comprehension of the legal system can be attained by evaluating quantitative and qualitative data through a theoretical and doctrinal perspective that encompasses both law and social sciences. The aim is, on the one hand, to construct a socio-legal theory and establish a new outlook in the field of legal methodology, and on the other hand, to be effective in legal practice and political decision-making processes.

Keywords

New Legal Realism, Socio-legal Studies, Legal Empiricism, Bottom-up Approach, Interdisciplinary Legal Studies

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