As the first part of the series of articles to survey and describe the imperfect verb that is used in Spoken Arabic Dialects to produce tenses are present simple, present continuous and future tenses. This paper is the first study of the chain which focuses on the present simple (habitual events). Furthermore, this study compares the habitual tense used in Standard Arabic with habitual tense used in various Arabic dialects that were previously studied by linguists. In other words, this research tries to describe the rules that determine using imperfect verbs to produce habitual actions in Arabic dialects and Standard Arabic to show similarities and differences between them. In Arabic dialects, to produce habitual tense, prefixes and aspectual marker system are used and each dialect has its own prefixes and tense structure. There are numerous studies that studied the prefixes in many Arabic dialects, but no study is devoted yet to compare between these prefixes. The prefixes of habitual tense are chosen to be studied because of their essential role to determine the tense. In other words, they are the indicators for the listener to recognize the present simple tense. Therefore, this study is devoted to cover this field particularly because the teaching of Arabic dialects to non-native speakers of Arabic is spreading nowadays
‘Abd al-‘Āl, Abd al-Mun‘im Sayyid, Lahjat Shamāl al-Maghrib: Tat wān wa-Mā H{awlahā, Cairo: Dār al-Kātib al-‘Arabī, 1968
Abdel-Malek, Z. N, the Closed List Classes of Colloquial Egyptian Arabic. The Hague, Mouton, 1973
Aboul-Fetouh, H. M, 1969, A Morphological Study of Egyptian Colloquial Arabic, The Hague, Mouton, 1969
Alsahafi , Morad, “Diglossia: an Overview of the Arabic Situation”, International Journal of English Language and Linguistics Research, vol. 4, no. 4, p. 1-11
Behnstedt, Peter, “Sprachatlas von Syrien”, Encyclopedia of Arabic Language and Linguistics, I-V, 2006, Brill, Leiden, 2006, vol. I, pp. 605
Brustad, K., 2000, the Syntax of Spoken Arabic: A Comparative Study of Moroccan, Egyptian, Syrian, and Kuwaiti Dialects, Washington, DC, Georgetown University Press, 2000
Buckley, R., Modern Literary Arabic: a Reference Grammar, Beirut: Librairie du Liban Publishers, 2004
Chejne, A. G., the Arabic Language: its Role in History, Minneapolis, University of Minnesota Press, 1969
Cowell, M. W., A Reference Grammar of Syrian Arabic With Audio CD: Based on the Dialect of Damascus, Washington, DC, Georgetown University Press, 2005
Crow, F. E., Arabic Manual: a Colloquial Handbook in the Syrian Dialect for the Use of Visitors to Syria and Palestine, London, Luzac, 1901
Crystal, David, The Cambridge Encyclopedia of the English Language, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2010
D. Green, Jennifer, “Language Detectives: Teaching and Learning About Suffixes”, The Reading Teacher, vol. 68, issue 7, 2015, pp. 539-547
De Jong, Rudolf E, A Grammar of the Bedouin Dialects of Central and Southern Sinai, Leiden, 1999
Elshorbagy, Nedal, the Prefixes in Urban Arabic Dialect in Gaza: Morphological Study, Saarbrücken, Germany, LAP Lambert Academic Publishing, 2011
Fanny Reader, et. al., “Second-language learners’ advantage in metalinguistic awareness: A question of languages’ characteristics”, 2013, vol. 83, pp. 686-702
Farris, A., “Diglossia in Arabic Speech Communities: The Classical Language Compared With the Syrian Vernacular”. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED117975 ) Retrieved September 20, 2009, from ERIC database, 1975
Ferguson, Charles A., “Diglossia”, Word, 15, 2, p. 325-340Hammād, A. A., al-KhaSā’is al-Sawtīyah fī Lahjat al-Imārāt al‘Arabīyah: Dirāsah Lughawīyah maydānīyah, Alexandria: Dār al-Ma„rifah alJāmi‘īyah, 1986
Hassanein, A. T., & Kamel, M, Let's Chat in Arabic: a Practical Introduction to the Spoken Arabic of Cairo [Yalla-ndardish bi-larabi]. S.l.: s.n., 1998
Mountain, Lee, “Recurrent Prefixes, Roots, and Suffixes: a Morphemic Approach to Disciplinary Literacy”, Journal of Adolescnt & Adult Literacy, vol. 58, no. 7, 2015
Müller, Peter O., Word-Formation: An International Handbook of the Languages of Europe, vol. 2, edited by Müller et.al., Berlin, Walter de Gruyter, 2015 p. 961
Nasr, R. T., Colloquial Arabic: an Oral Approach, Beirut, Librairie du Liban, 1966
On-lai, Annie Lee, “The Effectiveness of Strategies Employed in Vocabulary Explanations in EFL Classrooms in Hong Kong”, Annual International Language in Education Conference, 1993
Qafisheh, H. A., a Basic Course in Gulf Arabic, Tucson, University of Arizona Press, 1975, p. 215
Rice, F. A., & Said, M. F., Eastern Arabic: an Introduction to the Spoken Arabic of Palestine, Syria and Lebanon, Beirut, Khayat's, 1960
Sawaie, M., Linguistic Variation and Speakers' Attitudes: a Sociolinguistic Study of Some Arabic Dialects. Damascus: al-Jaffan & al-Jabi Publishers in co-operation with Institut français d'études Arabes de Damas, 1994
Souag, M. L., Explorations in the Syntactic Cartography of Algerian Arabic, (Unpublished MA), University of London, School of Oriental and African Studies, London, 2006
Talmoudi, F., 1984, the Diglossic Situation in North Africa: a Study of Classical Arabic/Dialectical Arabic Diglossia with Sample Text in Mixed Arabic, Göteborg, Sweden, Acta Universitatis Gothoburgensis, 1984
Tsiapera, M., A Descriptive Analysis of Cypriot Maronite Arabic, The Hague, Mouton, 1969
Watson, J. C. E, the Phonology and Morphology of Arabic, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2002
Younes, M. A., “An Integrated Approach to Teaching Arabic as a Foreign Language”, Al-Arabiyya, 1990, no., 23, pp. 105-22
Yunji, W, A synchronic and Diachronic Study of the Grammar of the Chinese Xiang Dialect, Berlin, Walter De Gruyter, 2005, p. 207
Farklı Arap Lehçelerinde Muzari Fiil: Fasih Arapça İle Karşılaştırmalı Bir Çalışma: 1. Geniş Zaman
Günümüz konuşulan Arapça lehçelerdeki (diyalektler) muzari fiilin zaman olarak değerini belirlemek için yapacağımız çalışmalar, geniş zaman, şimdiki zaman ve gelecek zaman konularını ele alacaktır. Bu makale, zincirin ilk halkası olarak, geniş zamanı (alışkanlık kullanımı) incelemektedir. Çalışmada geniş zaman fasih Arapçadaki haliyle karşılaştırmalı olarak konuşulan diğer Arapça lehçeler açısından daha önce dilbilimcilerin teker teker yapılan çalışmalarını bir bütün halinde ele alıp inceleyecektir. Bir başka ifadeyle bu çalışma muzari fiillerin kullanımlarını belirleyen kuralları tespit etmeye çalışarak, Arapça lehçelerdeki günlük eylemler için üretilen muzari fiilleri fasih Arapça ile kıyaslayacak, aralarında tespit edilen benzerlik ve farklılıklara işaret edecektir. Arapça lehçelerde günlük alışkanlıkları ifade etmek için kullanılan geniş zamanı üretmek için ön ekler (prefixes) ve Muzâraat harfleri (aspectual marker) sistemi kullanılır ve her bir lehçe kendi ön ekleri ve zaman yapısına sahiptir. Bu konu hakkında farklı Arapça diyalektlerde pek çok ön ek çalışmaları yapılmışsa da, henüz bu farklı ön ekleri karşılaştıran bir çalışma yapılmamıştır. Geniş zamanın ön ekleri zamanı belirlemedeki hayati rolünden dolayı ele alınmaktadır. Bir başka ifadeyle ön ekler, dinleyicinin geniş zamanı fark edebilmesi için kullanılan işaretlerdir. Ayrıca anadili Arapça olmayanlara Arapça lehçelerin öğretiminin oldukça hızlı bir şekilde artmasından dolayı ortaya çıkan ihtiyaca cevap vermek adına bu konu ele alınıp incelenmeye çalışılmıştır
‘Abd al-‘Āl, Abd al-Mun‘im Sayyid, Lahjat Shamāl al-Maghrib: Tat wān wa-Mā H{awlahā, Cairo: Dār al-Kātib al-‘Arabī, 1968
Abdel-Malek, Z. N, the Closed List Classes of Colloquial Egyptian Arabic. The Hague, Mouton, 1973
Aboul-Fetouh, H. M, 1969, A Morphological Study of Egyptian Colloquial Arabic, The Hague, Mouton, 1969
Alsahafi , Morad, “Diglossia: an Overview of the Arabic Situation”, International Journal of English Language and Linguistics Research, vol. 4, no. 4, p. 1-11
Behnstedt, Peter, “Sprachatlas von Syrien”, Encyclopedia of Arabic Language and Linguistics, I-V, 2006, Brill, Leiden, 2006, vol. I, pp. 605
Brustad, K., 2000, the Syntax of Spoken Arabic: A Comparative Study of Moroccan, Egyptian, Syrian, and Kuwaiti Dialects, Washington, DC, Georgetown University Press, 2000
Buckley, R., Modern Literary Arabic: a Reference Grammar, Beirut: Librairie du Liban Publishers, 2004
Chejne, A. G., the Arabic Language: its Role in History, Minneapolis, University of Minnesota Press, 1969
Cowell, M. W., A Reference Grammar of Syrian Arabic With Audio CD: Based on the Dialect of Damascus, Washington, DC, Georgetown University Press, 2005
Crow, F. E., Arabic Manual: a Colloquial Handbook in the Syrian Dialect for the Use of Visitors to Syria and Palestine, London, Luzac, 1901
Crystal, David, The Cambridge Encyclopedia of the English Language, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2010
D. Green, Jennifer, “Language Detectives: Teaching and Learning About Suffixes”, The Reading Teacher, vol. 68, issue 7, 2015, pp. 539-547
De Jong, Rudolf E, A Grammar of the Bedouin Dialects of Central and Southern Sinai, Leiden, 1999
Elshorbagy, Nedal, the Prefixes in Urban Arabic Dialect in Gaza: Morphological Study, Saarbrücken, Germany, LAP Lambert Academic Publishing, 2011
Fanny Reader, et. al., “Second-language learners’ advantage in metalinguistic awareness: A question of languages’ characteristics”, 2013, vol. 83, pp. 686-702
Farris, A., “Diglossia in Arabic Speech Communities: The Classical Language Compared With the Syrian Vernacular”. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED117975 ) Retrieved September 20, 2009, from ERIC database, 1975
Ferguson, Charles A., “Diglossia”, Word, 15, 2, p. 325-340Hammād, A. A., al-KhaSā’is al-Sawtīyah fī Lahjat al-Imārāt al‘Arabīyah: Dirāsah Lughawīyah maydānīyah, Alexandria: Dār al-Ma„rifah alJāmi‘īyah, 1986
Hassanein, A. T., & Kamel, M, Let's Chat in Arabic: a Practical Introduction to the Spoken Arabic of Cairo [Yalla-ndardish bi-larabi]. S.l.: s.n., 1998
Mountain, Lee, “Recurrent Prefixes, Roots, and Suffixes: a Morphemic Approach to Disciplinary Literacy”, Journal of Adolescnt & Adult Literacy, vol. 58, no. 7, 2015
Müller, Peter O., Word-Formation: An International Handbook of the Languages of Europe, vol. 2, edited by Müller et.al., Berlin, Walter de Gruyter, 2015 p. 961
Nasr, R. T., Colloquial Arabic: an Oral Approach, Beirut, Librairie du Liban, 1966
On-lai, Annie Lee, “The Effectiveness of Strategies Employed in Vocabulary Explanations in EFL Classrooms in Hong Kong”, Annual International Language in Education Conference, 1993
Qafisheh, H. A., a Basic Course in Gulf Arabic, Tucson, University of Arizona Press, 1975, p. 215
Rice, F. A., & Said, M. F., Eastern Arabic: an Introduction to the Spoken Arabic of Palestine, Syria and Lebanon, Beirut, Khayat's, 1960
Sawaie, M., Linguistic Variation and Speakers' Attitudes: a Sociolinguistic Study of Some Arabic Dialects. Damascus: al-Jaffan & al-Jabi Publishers in co-operation with Institut français d'études Arabes de Damas, 1994
Souag, M. L., Explorations in the Syntactic Cartography of Algerian Arabic, (Unpublished MA), University of London, School of Oriental and African Studies, London, 2006
Talmoudi, F., 1984, the Diglossic Situation in North Africa: a Study of Classical Arabic/Dialectical Arabic Diglossia with Sample Text in Mixed Arabic, Göteborg, Sweden, Acta Universitatis Gothoburgensis, 1984
Tsiapera, M., A Descriptive Analysis of Cypriot Maronite Arabic, The Hague, Mouton, 1969
Watson, J. C. E, the Phonology and Morphology of Arabic, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2002
Younes, M. A., “An Integrated Approach to Teaching Arabic as a Foreign Language”, Al-Arabiyya, 1990, no., 23, pp. 105-22
Yunji, W, A synchronic and Diachronic Study of the Grammar of the Chinese Xiang Dialect, Berlin, Walter De Gruyter, 2005, p. 207
Alshorbajı, N. (2016). IMPERFECT VERBS IN VARIOUS ARABIC DIALECTS IN COMPARISON OF STANDARD ARABIC: 1. HABITUAL TENSE. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi(37), 9-26.
AMA
Alshorbajı N. IMPERFECT VERBS IN VARIOUS ARABIC DIALECTS IN COMPARISON OF STANDARD ARABIC: 1. HABITUAL TENSE. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi. December 2016;(37):9-26.
Chicago
Alshorbajı, Nidal. “IMPERFECT VERBS IN VARIOUS ARABIC DIALECTS IN COMPARISON OF STANDARD ARABIC: 1. HABITUAL TENSE”. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, no. 37 (December 2016): 9-26.
EndNote
Alshorbajı N (December 1, 2016) IMPERFECT VERBS IN VARIOUS ARABIC DIALECTS IN COMPARISON OF STANDARD ARABIC: 1. HABITUAL TENSE. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi 37 9–26.
IEEE
N. Alshorbajı, “IMPERFECT VERBS IN VARIOUS ARABIC DIALECTS IN COMPARISON OF STANDARD ARABIC: 1. HABITUAL TENSE”, Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, no. 37, pp. 9–26, December 2016.
ISNAD
Alshorbajı, Nidal. “IMPERFECT VERBS IN VARIOUS ARABIC DIALECTS IN COMPARISON OF STANDARD ARABIC: 1. HABITUAL TENSE”. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi 37 (December 2016), 9-26.
JAMA
Alshorbajı N. IMPERFECT VERBS IN VARIOUS ARABIC DIALECTS IN COMPARISON OF STANDARD ARABIC: 1. HABITUAL TENSE. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi. 2016;:9–26.
MLA
Alshorbajı, Nidal. “IMPERFECT VERBS IN VARIOUS ARABIC DIALECTS IN COMPARISON OF STANDARD ARABIC: 1. HABITUAL TENSE”. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, no. 37, 2016, pp. 9-26.
Vancouver
Alshorbajı N. IMPERFECT VERBS IN VARIOUS ARABIC DIALECTS IN COMPARISON OF STANDARD ARABIC: 1. HABITUAL TENSE. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi. 2016(37):9-26.