Prefixes in Various Arabic Dialects in Comparison of Standard Arabic: Progressive and Future Tenses

Year 2020, Issue: 44, 5 - 26, 30.06.2020

Nidal Alshorbajı

Abstract

This study compares the prefixes of present continuous and future tenses
used in Standard Arabic with prefixes of progressive and future tenses used in
various Arabic dialects that were previously studied by linguists. In other
words, this research tries to describe the rules that determine using imperfect
verbs to produce continuous and future actions in Arabic dialects and Standard
Arabic to show similarities and differences among them. In Arabic dialects, to
produce continuous and future tenses, prefixes and aspectual marker system are
used, and each dialect has its own prefixes and tense structure. There are
numerous studies that studied the prefixes in many Arabic dialects, but no
study is devoted yet to compare between these prefixes. The prefixes of progressive
and future tenses are chosen to be studied because of their essential role to
determine the tense. In other words, they are the indicators for the listener
to recognize the present continuous tense, and future tense. Therefore, this
study is devoted to cover this field particularly because the teaching of
Arabic dialects to non-native speakers of Arabic is spreading nowadays.

Keywords

Arabic Dialects, Morphology, Prefixes, Progressive Tense, Future Tense, Sociolinguistics, Comparative Linguistics

Farklı Arap Lehçelerinde Önekler: Fasih Arapça İle Karşılaştırmalı Bir Çalışma: Şimdiki ve Gelecek Zaman

Abstract

Bu
makalede, daha önceden dilbilimciler tarafından da ele alınan şimdiki devam
eden zaman ile gelecek zaman ön eklerinin günümüzde kullanılan çeşitli Arapça
lehçeleri ve Fasih Arapçadaki kullanımları karşılaştırmalı olarak
incelenmektedir. Bir başka ifadeyle bu çalışmada muzari fiillerin
kullanımlarını belirleyen kurallar tespit edilmeye çalışılarak, Arapça
lehçelerdeki günlük eylemler için üretilen muzari fiilleri fasih Arapça ile
kıyaslanacak, aralarında tespit edilen benzerlik ve farklılıklara işaret
edilecektir. Arapça lehçelerde şimdiki ve gelecek zamanı üretmek için ön ekler
(prefixes) ve Muzâraat harfleri (aspectual marker) sistemi kullanılır ve her
bir lehçe kendi ön ekleri ve zaman yapısına sahiptir. Farklı Arapça
diyalektlerdeki ön ekler üzerine pek çok çalışma yapılmışsa da, henüz bu
çalışmaları karşılaştıran bir makale yoktur. Şimdiki ve gelecek zamanın ön
ekleri zamanı belirlemedeki hayati rolünden dolayı çalışmaya konu olarak
seçilmiştir. Bir başka ifadeyle ön ekler, muhatabın şimdiki ve gelecek zamanı
fark edebilmesi için kullanılan işaretlerdir. Bu yüzden, anadili Arapça
olmayanlara Arapça lehçelerin öğretiminin oldukça hızlı bir şekilde artmasından
dolayı ortaya çıkan ihtiyaca cevap vermek adına bu konu ele alınıp incelenmeye
çalışılmıştır.

Keywords

Arap Dili Lehçeleri, Biçimbilim, Önekler, Şimdiki Zaman, Gelecek Zaman, Toplumdilbilim, Karşılaştırmalı Dilbilim

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