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AVRUPA BİRLİĞİ ÜLKELERİ VE TÜRKİYE’DEKİ LİMANLARIN ETKİNLİKLERİNİN VERİ ZARFLAMA ANALİZİ İLE DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ

Year 2017, Volume: 22 Issue: 1, 21 - 30, 30.01.2017

Abstract

Küreselleşme ve e-ticaretin etkisiyle dünya ticaret hacminin giderek arttığı günümüzde denizyolu ticaretinin dünya ticaretindeki payı da giderek artmaktadır. Bu durum denizyolu taşımacılığının en önemli parçası olan limanları daha etkin ve verimli bir şekilde hizmet vermeye zorlamaktadır. Liman yönetimi konusunda ülke yönetimlerinin uyguladığı stratejiler farklı olmasına karşın, amaç etkinlik ve verimliliğin artırılmasıdır.

Bu çalışmada ESPO (Europian Seaport Organisation) ve Eurostat verilerine dayanılarak Avrupa Birliği (AB) ülkeleri arasında en çok yük işlenen 44 ticari limanın ve Türkiye’de bulunan 12 ticari limanın performansı Veri Zarflama Analizi (VZA) ile değerlendirilmiştir. VZA, birden fazla girdi ve çıktı değişkeni ile işletmelerin göreli etkinliklerini değerlendirmede kullanılan parametrik olmayan bir yöntemdir. Çalışmada öncelikle limanların etkinlik hesaplamasında kullanılan girdi-çıktı değişkenleri belirlenerek 2008-2012 yılları arasındaki 5 yıllık veriler kullanılmıştır. Gemi sayısı, rıhtım uzunluğu (m), rıhtım derinliği (m), rıhtım vinçleri ve limanın kurulduğu alan (m2) girdi değişkeni olarak; elleçlenen yük (bin-ton) ve elleçlenen konteyner sayısı (TEU) ise çıktı değişkeni olarak belirlenmiştir. Limanların etkinlik analizleri Measurement System Version 1.3 (EMS 1.3) paket progrmı ile yapılmış ve analiz sonuçlarında toplam etkinliğe göre Türkiye’den Aliağa, Ambarlı, Botaş ve İzmir limanlarının etkin olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.

References

  • AKGÜL, E.F., Solak Fışkın, C., Düzalan, B., Erdoğan, T. ve Karataş Çetin, Ç. (2015). “Port Competitiveness And Efficiency: An Analysis of Turkish Container Ports”, ECONSHIP 2015, Chios, Greece.
  • ATEŞ, A., Esmer, S. (2013). “Türk Konteyner Terminalleri Üzerinde 2009 Yılı Küresel Finans Krizinin Etkileri”, Sayıştay Dergisi, 91:105-125.
  • ATEŞ, A., Esmer, S., Çakır, E. ve Balcı, K. (2013). “Karadeniz Konteyner Terminallerinin Göreceli Etkinlik Analizi”, Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Denizcilik Fakültesi Dergisi, 5(1):1-22.
  • BANKER, R.D., Charnes, A., Cooper, W.W. (1984). “Some Models for Estimating Technical and Scale Inefficiencies in Data Envelopment Analysis”, Management Science, 30(9):1078-1092.
  • BARAN, J. ve Gorecka, A. (2015). “Seaport Efficiency and Productivity Based on Data Envelopment Analysis and Malmquist Productivity Index”, Logistics&Sustainable Transport, 6(1), 25-33.
  • BARROS, C.P. ve Athanassiou, M. (2004). “Efficiency in European Seaports with DEA Evidence from Greece and Portugal”, Maritime Economics&Logistics, 6(2):122-140.
  • BARROS, C.P., Felicio, J.A. ve Fernandes, R.L. (2012). “Productivity Analysis of Brazilian Seaport”, Maritime Policy&Management, 39(5):503-523.
  • BAYSAL, M. E., Uygur, M. ve Toklu B. (2004). “Veri Zarflama Analizi ile TCDD Limanlarda Bir Etkinlik Ölçümü Çalışması”, Gazi Üniversitesi Mühendislik Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi, 9(4):437-442.
  • BUTTON, K. ve Kramberger, T. (2015). “European Union Expansion and Seaport Efficiency in The Adriatic”, Applied Economics Letters, 22(9):700-703.
  • CHARNES, A., Cooper, W.W., Rhodes, E. (1978). “Measuring the Efficiency of Decision Making Units”, European Journal of Operational Research, 2(6):429-444.
  • COELLI, T., Rao, D.S.P., O’Donnell, C.J. George, Battese, E. (2005). An Introduction to Efficiency and Productivity Analysis, Second Edition, Springer Science Business Media Inc., New York.
  • COOPER W.W., Seıford L.M., Tone Kaoru, Data Envelopment Analysis A Comprehensive Text with Models, References and DEA-Solver Software, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, 2000.
  • CULLINANE, K.P.B. ve Wang, T.F. (2006). “The Efficiency of European Container Ports: A Cross-Sectional Data Envelopment Analysis”, International Journal of Logistics: Research and Applicaations, 9(1):19-31.
  • ÇALIŞKAN, M. (2015). “Limanlarımızın Genel Değerlendirilmesi”, Deniz Ticareti Dergisi Liman Eki, 277(6):20-21.
  • DİNÇ, M., Haynes K. E. (1999). “Sources of Regional Inefficiency: An Integrated Shift-Share, Data Envelopment Analysis and Input-Output Approach”, The Analysis of Regional Science, 33(4):469-489.
  • Deniz Taşıtları, Denizyolu Taşıma ve Teşvik İstatistikleri (2014), T.C. Ulaştırma Denizcilik ve Haberleşme Bakanlığı Deniz Teicareti Genel Müdürlüğü Yayınları.
  • GÜNER, S., Coşkun, E. ve Taşkın, K. (2015). “Liman Etkinliği Ölçümünde İki Aşamalı Bir Model Önerisi ve Türk Limanları Üzerinde Bir Uygulama”, Alphanumeric Journal, 3(2):99-106.
  • GÜRAN, M.C., Cingi, S. (2002). “Devletin Ekonomik Müdahalelerinin Etkinliği”, Akdeniz Üniversitesi, İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 2(3):56-89.
  • HARALAMBIDES, H., Hussain, M., Barros, C.P. ve Peypoch, N. (2010). “A New Approach in Benchmarking Seaport Efficiency and Technological Change”, International Journal of Transport Economics, 37(1):77-96.
  • HUNG, S.W., Lu, W.M. ve Wang, T.P. (2010). “Benchmarking The Operating Efficiency of Asia Container Ports”, European Journal of Operational Research, 203(3):706-713.
  • JANG, H.M., Park, H. ve Kim, S.Y. (2016). “Efficiency Analysis of Major Container Ports in Asia: Using DEA and Shannon’s Entropy”, International Journal of Supply Chain Management, 5(2):1-6.
  • JIANG, J.L., Chew, E.P., Lee, L.H. ve Sun, Z. (2012). “DEA Based on Strongly Efficient and Inefficient Frontiers and Its Application on Port Efficiency Measurement”, OR Spectrum, 34(4):943-969.
  • LOZANO, S., Villa, G. ve Canca, D. (2011). “Application of Centralised DEA Approach to Capital Budgeting in Spanish Ports”, Computer&Industrial Engineering, 60(3):455-465.
  • LUPTACIK, M. (2010). “Mathematical Optimization and Economic Analysis”, Springer Optimization and Its Applications, 36, 135-186.
  • MIN, H. ve Park B.I. (2005). “Evaluating The Inter-Temporal Efficiency Trends of International Container Terminals Using Data Envelopment Analysis”, International Journal of Integrated Supply Management, 1(3):258-277.
  • NIAVIS, S. ve Tsekeris, T. (2012). “Ranking and Causes of Inefficiency of Container Seaports in South-Eastern Europe”, European Transport Research Review, 4(4):235-244.
  • PANAYIDES, P.M., Maxoulis, C.N., Wang, T.F. ve Adolf Ng, K.Y. (2009). “A Critical Analysis of DEA Applications to Seaport Economic Efficiency Measurement”, Transport Reviews, 29(2):183-206.
  • PONGPANICH, R. ve Peng, K.C. (2016). “The Efficiency Measurement of Container Ports in Thailand by Using DEA Windows Analysis Approach”, International Journal of Innovative Research&Development, 5(5):247-253.
  • RAJASEKAR, T., Ashraf, P.S. ve Dea, P.M. (2014). “Measurement of Efficiency of Major Ports in India-A Data Envelopment Analysis Approach”, International Journal of Environmental Sciences, 4(5):926-936.
  • SERVANTIE, D. (2015). “AB ve Türkiye’nin Deniz Taşımacılığı Politikasının Karşılaştırmalı Analizi”, İktisadi Kalkınma Vakfı Değerlendirme Notu, http://www.ikv.org.tr/images/files/deniztasimaciligi(1).pdf/ (Erişim Tarihi: 20.07.2016).
  • SCHOYEN, H. ve Odeck, J. (2013). “The Technical Efficiency of Norwegian Container Ports: A Comparison to Some Nordic and UK Container Ports Using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA)”, Maritime Economics&Logistics, 15(2):197-221.
  • SIMOES, P. ve Marques, R.C. (2010). “Influence of Congestion Efficiency on The European Seaports Performance: Does It Matter?”, Transport Reviews, 30(4): 517-539.
  • YUEN, A.C., Zhang, A. ve Cheung, W. (2013). “Foreign Participation and Competition: A Way to Improve The Container Port Efficiency In China?”, Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 49:220-231.
  • ZGHIDI, N. (2014). “Sea Port Efficiency: The Case of Tunisian Maritime Ports”, International Journal of Advanced Information Science and Technology, 23(23):355-362.

EVALUATING THE EFFICIENCY OF PORTS IN TURKEY AND EUROPEAN UNION COUNTRIES WITH DATA ENVELOPMENT ANALYSIS

Year 2017, Volume: 22 Issue: 1, 21 - 30, 30.01.2017

Abstract

Maritime trade has an important and growing share on the volume of world trade which is increasing nowadays due to globalization and e-commerce. This situation requires ports, the most important elements of maritime trade, to give more efficient and productive service. Although countries have different strategies on port management, they all aim to improve the efficiency and productivity of ports.

In this study, 44 ports from the European Union (EU) countries were selected by the gross weight of goods handled based on the data of ESPO (European Seaport Organization) and Eurostat. 12 selected ports located in Turkey were also included. The performances of selected ports were investigated by Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). DEA is a nonparametric method that enables to evaluate the comparative efficiencies of businesses with multiple input and output variables. First, input and output variables were defined for the selected ports, then 5-year data from 2008-2012 were used. Number of ships, length (m) and depth (m) of docks, dock cranes and port area (m2) were used as input variables where goods handled (thousand-tons) and number of containers (TEU) were used as output variables. Efficiency analysis of ports were performed with Measurement System Version 1.3 (EMS 1.3) software package and results indicated that Aliağa, Ambarlı, Botaş, and İzmir ports are efficient.

References

  • AKGÜL, E.F., Solak Fışkın, C., Düzalan, B., Erdoğan, T. ve Karataş Çetin, Ç. (2015). “Port Competitiveness And Efficiency: An Analysis of Turkish Container Ports”, ECONSHIP 2015, Chios, Greece.
  • ATEŞ, A., Esmer, S. (2013). “Türk Konteyner Terminalleri Üzerinde 2009 Yılı Küresel Finans Krizinin Etkileri”, Sayıştay Dergisi, 91:105-125.
  • ATEŞ, A., Esmer, S., Çakır, E. ve Balcı, K. (2013). “Karadeniz Konteyner Terminallerinin Göreceli Etkinlik Analizi”, Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Denizcilik Fakültesi Dergisi, 5(1):1-22.
  • BANKER, R.D., Charnes, A., Cooper, W.W. (1984). “Some Models for Estimating Technical and Scale Inefficiencies in Data Envelopment Analysis”, Management Science, 30(9):1078-1092.
  • BARAN, J. ve Gorecka, A. (2015). “Seaport Efficiency and Productivity Based on Data Envelopment Analysis and Malmquist Productivity Index”, Logistics&Sustainable Transport, 6(1), 25-33.
  • BARROS, C.P. ve Athanassiou, M. (2004). “Efficiency in European Seaports with DEA Evidence from Greece and Portugal”, Maritime Economics&Logistics, 6(2):122-140.
  • BARROS, C.P., Felicio, J.A. ve Fernandes, R.L. (2012). “Productivity Analysis of Brazilian Seaport”, Maritime Policy&Management, 39(5):503-523.
  • BAYSAL, M. E., Uygur, M. ve Toklu B. (2004). “Veri Zarflama Analizi ile TCDD Limanlarda Bir Etkinlik Ölçümü Çalışması”, Gazi Üniversitesi Mühendislik Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi, 9(4):437-442.
  • BUTTON, K. ve Kramberger, T. (2015). “European Union Expansion and Seaport Efficiency in The Adriatic”, Applied Economics Letters, 22(9):700-703.
  • CHARNES, A., Cooper, W.W., Rhodes, E. (1978). “Measuring the Efficiency of Decision Making Units”, European Journal of Operational Research, 2(6):429-444.
  • COELLI, T., Rao, D.S.P., O’Donnell, C.J. George, Battese, E. (2005). An Introduction to Efficiency and Productivity Analysis, Second Edition, Springer Science Business Media Inc., New York.
  • COOPER W.W., Seıford L.M., Tone Kaoru, Data Envelopment Analysis A Comprehensive Text with Models, References and DEA-Solver Software, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, 2000.
  • CULLINANE, K.P.B. ve Wang, T.F. (2006). “The Efficiency of European Container Ports: A Cross-Sectional Data Envelopment Analysis”, International Journal of Logistics: Research and Applicaations, 9(1):19-31.
  • ÇALIŞKAN, M. (2015). “Limanlarımızın Genel Değerlendirilmesi”, Deniz Ticareti Dergisi Liman Eki, 277(6):20-21.
  • DİNÇ, M., Haynes K. E. (1999). “Sources of Regional Inefficiency: An Integrated Shift-Share, Data Envelopment Analysis and Input-Output Approach”, The Analysis of Regional Science, 33(4):469-489.
  • Deniz Taşıtları, Denizyolu Taşıma ve Teşvik İstatistikleri (2014), T.C. Ulaştırma Denizcilik ve Haberleşme Bakanlığı Deniz Teicareti Genel Müdürlüğü Yayınları.
  • GÜNER, S., Coşkun, E. ve Taşkın, K. (2015). “Liman Etkinliği Ölçümünde İki Aşamalı Bir Model Önerisi ve Türk Limanları Üzerinde Bir Uygulama”, Alphanumeric Journal, 3(2):99-106.
  • GÜRAN, M.C., Cingi, S. (2002). “Devletin Ekonomik Müdahalelerinin Etkinliği”, Akdeniz Üniversitesi, İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 2(3):56-89.
  • HARALAMBIDES, H., Hussain, M., Barros, C.P. ve Peypoch, N. (2010). “A New Approach in Benchmarking Seaport Efficiency and Technological Change”, International Journal of Transport Economics, 37(1):77-96.
  • HUNG, S.W., Lu, W.M. ve Wang, T.P. (2010). “Benchmarking The Operating Efficiency of Asia Container Ports”, European Journal of Operational Research, 203(3):706-713.
  • JANG, H.M., Park, H. ve Kim, S.Y. (2016). “Efficiency Analysis of Major Container Ports in Asia: Using DEA and Shannon’s Entropy”, International Journal of Supply Chain Management, 5(2):1-6.
  • JIANG, J.L., Chew, E.P., Lee, L.H. ve Sun, Z. (2012). “DEA Based on Strongly Efficient and Inefficient Frontiers and Its Application on Port Efficiency Measurement”, OR Spectrum, 34(4):943-969.
  • LOZANO, S., Villa, G. ve Canca, D. (2011). “Application of Centralised DEA Approach to Capital Budgeting in Spanish Ports”, Computer&Industrial Engineering, 60(3):455-465.
  • LUPTACIK, M. (2010). “Mathematical Optimization and Economic Analysis”, Springer Optimization and Its Applications, 36, 135-186.
  • MIN, H. ve Park B.I. (2005). “Evaluating The Inter-Temporal Efficiency Trends of International Container Terminals Using Data Envelopment Analysis”, International Journal of Integrated Supply Management, 1(3):258-277.
  • NIAVIS, S. ve Tsekeris, T. (2012). “Ranking and Causes of Inefficiency of Container Seaports in South-Eastern Europe”, European Transport Research Review, 4(4):235-244.
  • PANAYIDES, P.M., Maxoulis, C.N., Wang, T.F. ve Adolf Ng, K.Y. (2009). “A Critical Analysis of DEA Applications to Seaport Economic Efficiency Measurement”, Transport Reviews, 29(2):183-206.
  • PONGPANICH, R. ve Peng, K.C. (2016). “The Efficiency Measurement of Container Ports in Thailand by Using DEA Windows Analysis Approach”, International Journal of Innovative Research&Development, 5(5):247-253.
  • RAJASEKAR, T., Ashraf, P.S. ve Dea, P.M. (2014). “Measurement of Efficiency of Major Ports in India-A Data Envelopment Analysis Approach”, International Journal of Environmental Sciences, 4(5):926-936.
  • SERVANTIE, D. (2015). “AB ve Türkiye’nin Deniz Taşımacılığı Politikasının Karşılaştırmalı Analizi”, İktisadi Kalkınma Vakfı Değerlendirme Notu, http://www.ikv.org.tr/images/files/deniztasimaciligi(1).pdf/ (Erişim Tarihi: 20.07.2016).
  • SCHOYEN, H. ve Odeck, J. (2013). “The Technical Efficiency of Norwegian Container Ports: A Comparison to Some Nordic and UK Container Ports Using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA)”, Maritime Economics&Logistics, 15(2):197-221.
  • SIMOES, P. ve Marques, R.C. (2010). “Influence of Congestion Efficiency on The European Seaports Performance: Does It Matter?”, Transport Reviews, 30(4): 517-539.
  • YUEN, A.C., Zhang, A. ve Cheung, W. (2013). “Foreign Participation and Competition: A Way to Improve The Container Port Efficiency In China?”, Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 49:220-231.
  • ZGHIDI, N. (2014). “Sea Port Efficiency: The Case of Tunisian Maritime Ports”, International Journal of Advanced Information Science and Technology, 23(23):355-362.
There are 34 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Fatma Gül Altın This is me

Yusuf Şahin This is me

Meltem Karaatlı

Ömer Yıldız This is me

Publication Date January 30, 2017
Published in Issue Year 2017 Volume: 22 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Altın, F. G., Şahin, Y., Karaatlı, M., Yıldız, Ö. (2017). AVRUPA BİRLİĞİ ÜLKELERİ VE TÜRKİYE’DEKİ LİMANLARIN ETKİNLİKLERİNİN VERİ ZARFLAMA ANALİZİ İLE DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi İktisadi Ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 22(1), 21-30.