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MIGRATION FACT IN THE 21ST CENTURY: THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION THEORIES

Year 2017, Volume: 22 Issue: Göç Özel Sayısı, 1343 - 1353, 30.11.2017

Abstract

Migration concept, can be defined as the act of changing the place wehere people live for economic, cultural, political and/or social reasons as a naturel disasters. Different theories have been developed since the second half of the 20th century in order to explain the phenomenon of migration, which is caused by individual or social faktors. Some of these theories are; the theory of micro and macro migration of Neoclassical economics, world systems theory, dual labor market theory, new economics theory of migration, network theory and migration systems theory. Today, the immigration wave has emerged, especially since the Arab Spring started in 2010 and the domino effect led to the emergence of people from the lands that originated in the Arab World, especially in Syria. After this period, it is seen that immigration, which has been emphasized more and can not be explained by economic factors anymore, is one of the most important problems of the 21st century.
The purpose of this study is to examine how international theories of migration can explain the emergence of migration in the 21st century, especially in Arab World (Muslim geography) for some global reasons. For this purpose, historical review and comparative analysis method have been preferred. As a result of the examinations carried out, it is considered that the renewal of international migration theories in today’s conditions or the development of alternative theories will be more benefical.

References

  • ARANGO, J. (2000). Explaining Migration: A Critical View. 283-296.
  • BALLYN, S. (2011). “The Why and the ‘Therefore’ of Human Migration: A Brief Overview”, s.6-15, (Ed.) Renes, M., Lives in Migration: Rupture and Contunity, Australian Studies Centre Publications.
  • BRETTEL, C.B. & HOLLIFIELD, J.F. (2000). “Migration Theory: Talking Across Disciplines”, New York: Rouledge.
  • BODVARSSON, Ö.B. & BERG, H.V. (2013). “The Determinants of International Migration: Theory”, s.27-57, (Ed.) Bodvarsson, Ö.B. & Berg, H.V., The Economics of Immigration, Springer: New York.
  • DE HAAS, H. (2010). “Migration and Development: A Theoretical Perspective”, International Migration Review, 44(1); 227-264.
  • DEWAARD, J., KIM, K. & RAYMER, J. (2012). “International Migration Systems: Evidence from Harmonized Flow Data. Demography, 49(4); s.1307-1333.
  • FAWCETT, J.T. (1989). “Networks, Linkages and Migration Systems”, International Migration Review, 23(3); 671-680.
  • GRIGG, D.B. (1977). “E.G. Ravenstein and the Laws of Migration”, Jornal of Historical Geography, 3(1), 41-54.
  • HAGEN-ZANKER, J. (2008). “Why do People Migrate? A Review of the Theoretical Literature”, MPRA Working Paper.
  • IOM, (2004). International Migration Law: Glossary on Migration. International Organization for Migration: Switzerland.
  • KRIGER, H. (2004). “Migration Trends in an Enlarged Europe”, European Foundation fort he Improvement of Living and Working Conditions.
  • KUREKOVA, L. (2011). “Theories of Migration: Conseptual Review and Emprical Testing in the Context of the EU East-West Flows”, Interdisciplinary Conference on Migration: Economic Change, Social Change için hazırlanmıştır, 06-09 Nisan 2011, University College London.
  • LAUBY, J. & STARK, O. (1988). “Individual Migration as a Family Strategy: Young Women in the Philippines, Population Studies, 42(3); 473-486.
  • LEE, E.S. (1966). “A Theory of Migration”, Demography, 3(1); 47-57.
  • MABOGUNJE, A.L. (1970A). “Systems Approach to a Theory of Rural-Urban Migration”, Geographical Analysis, s.1-18.
  • MABOGUNJE, A.L. (1970b). “Migration Policy and Regional Development in Nigeria”, The Nigerian Journal of Economic and Social Studies, 12(1); s.243-262.
  • MASSEY, D.S., ARANGO, J., HUGO, G., KOUAOUCI, A., PELLEGRINO, A. & TAYLOR, J.E. (1993). “Theories of International Migration: A Review and Appraisal”, Population and Development Review, 19(3); 431-466.
  • MASSEY, D.S. (1999). “Why Does Immigration Occur? A Theoretical Synthesis”, s.34-52, (Ed.) Hirschman, C., Kasinitz, P. & De Wind, J., The Handbook of International Migration: The American Experience, Russell Sage Foundation: New York.
  • PETERSEN, W. (1978). “International Migration”, Annual Review of Sociology, (4): 533-575.
  • PORTES, A. (1997). “Immigration Theory for a New Century: Some Problems and Opportunities, The International Migration Review, 31(4); 799-825.
  • RAVENSTEIN, E.G. (1885). “The Laws of Migration”, Journal of the Statistical Society of London, 48(2); 167-235.
  • SANDAL, E.K., HANÇERKIRAN, M. & TIRAŞ, M. (2016). “Türkiye’deki Suriyeli Mülteciler ve Gaziantep İlindeki Yansımaları”, Gaziantep University Journal of Social Sciences, 15(2), s.461-483.
  • SJAASTAD, L.A. (1962). “The Cost and Returns of Human Migraiton”, Journal of Political Economy, 70, 80-93.
  • STARK, O. & BLOOM, D.E. (1985). “The New Economics of Labor Migration”, The American Economic Review, 75(2); 173-178.
  • OLEJAROVA, E. (2007). “Labor Migration As a Socio-Economic Phenomenon: Slovakia and the Czech Republic in a Comparative Perspective”, Central European University, International Relations and European Studies
  • TODARO, M.P. (1980). “International Migration in Developing Countries: A Survey”, s.361-402. (Ed.). Easterlin, R.A. Population and Economic Change in Developing Countries. The University of Chicago Press: London.
  • TODARO, M.P. & MARUSZKO, L. (1987). “Illegal Migration and US Immigration Reform: A Conceptual Framework”, Population and Development Review, 13(1); 101-114.
  • UNHRC. The New York Declaration for Refugees and Migrants. http://www.unhcr.org/584689257.pdf. Erişim Tarihi: 19.12.2017.
  • ZIPF, G.K. (1946). “The P1P2/D Hypothesis: On The Intercity Movement of Persons”, American Sociological Review, 11(6); 677-686.
  • https://www.voanews.com/a/us-backs-out-of-migration-pact/4147078.html. Erişim Tarihi: 20.12.2017
  • http://www.un.org. UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division, International Migration. Erişim Tarihi: 20.12.2017

21. YÜZYILDA GÖÇ OLGUSU: ULUSLARARASI GÖÇ TEORİLERİNİN EKONOMİ POLİTİĞİ

Year 2017, Volume: 22 Issue: Göç Özel Sayısı, 1343 - 1353, 30.11.2017

Abstract

Göç kavramı; kişilerin ekonomik, kültürel, politik ve/veya doğal afetler gibi toplumsal birtakım nedenlerle yaşadıkları yeri değiştirme eylemi olarak tanımlanabilir. Bireysel ya da toplumsal faktörler tarafından ortaya çıkan göç olgusunu açıklamak için özellikle 20. yüzyılın ikinci yarısından itibaren farklı teoriler geliştirilmiştir. Bu teorilerden bazıları; Neoklasik iktisadın mikro ve makro göç teorisi, dünya sistemleri teorisi, ikiye bölünmüş emek piyasası teorisi, yeni ekonomi teorisi, network kuramı ve göç sistemleri teorisidir. Günümüzde ise göç dalgası, özellikle 2010 yılında Arap Baharı ile başlayan ve domino etkisi göstererek şuan başta Suriye olmak üzere Arap dünyasında ortaya çıkan savaşlar sebebiyle insanların doğup büyüdüğü topraklardan ayrılmak zorunda kalmasıyla ortaya çıkmıştır. Bu dönemden sonra daha çok üstünde durulan ve artık sadece ekonomik faktörlerle açıklanamayan göç olgusunun, 21. yüzyılın en önemli sorunlarından biri olduğu görülmektedir.
Bu çalışmanın amacı, uluslararası göç teorilerinin küresel birtakım nedenlerle özellikle Arap dünyasında (Müslüman coğrafyada) ortaya çıkan 21. yüzyıldaki göç dalgasını ne kadar açıklayabildiğini incelemektir. Bu amaç doğrultusunda çalışmada, tarihsel inceleme ve karşılaştırmalı analiz yöntemi tercih edilmiştir. Yapılan incelemeler sonucunda uluslararası göç teorilerinin günümüz şartlarında yenilenmesinin ya da alternatif teorilerin geliştirilmesinin daha faydalı olacağı düşünülmektedir.

References

  • ARANGO, J. (2000). Explaining Migration: A Critical View. 283-296.
  • BALLYN, S. (2011). “The Why and the ‘Therefore’ of Human Migration: A Brief Overview”, s.6-15, (Ed.) Renes, M., Lives in Migration: Rupture and Contunity, Australian Studies Centre Publications.
  • BRETTEL, C.B. & HOLLIFIELD, J.F. (2000). “Migration Theory: Talking Across Disciplines”, New York: Rouledge.
  • BODVARSSON, Ö.B. & BERG, H.V. (2013). “The Determinants of International Migration: Theory”, s.27-57, (Ed.) Bodvarsson, Ö.B. & Berg, H.V., The Economics of Immigration, Springer: New York.
  • DE HAAS, H. (2010). “Migration and Development: A Theoretical Perspective”, International Migration Review, 44(1); 227-264.
  • DEWAARD, J., KIM, K. & RAYMER, J. (2012). “International Migration Systems: Evidence from Harmonized Flow Data. Demography, 49(4); s.1307-1333.
  • FAWCETT, J.T. (1989). “Networks, Linkages and Migration Systems”, International Migration Review, 23(3); 671-680.
  • GRIGG, D.B. (1977). “E.G. Ravenstein and the Laws of Migration”, Jornal of Historical Geography, 3(1), 41-54.
  • HAGEN-ZANKER, J. (2008). “Why do People Migrate? A Review of the Theoretical Literature”, MPRA Working Paper.
  • IOM, (2004). International Migration Law: Glossary on Migration. International Organization for Migration: Switzerland.
  • KRIGER, H. (2004). “Migration Trends in an Enlarged Europe”, European Foundation fort he Improvement of Living and Working Conditions.
  • KUREKOVA, L. (2011). “Theories of Migration: Conseptual Review and Emprical Testing in the Context of the EU East-West Flows”, Interdisciplinary Conference on Migration: Economic Change, Social Change için hazırlanmıştır, 06-09 Nisan 2011, University College London.
  • LAUBY, J. & STARK, O. (1988). “Individual Migration as a Family Strategy: Young Women in the Philippines, Population Studies, 42(3); 473-486.
  • LEE, E.S. (1966). “A Theory of Migration”, Demography, 3(1); 47-57.
  • MABOGUNJE, A.L. (1970A). “Systems Approach to a Theory of Rural-Urban Migration”, Geographical Analysis, s.1-18.
  • MABOGUNJE, A.L. (1970b). “Migration Policy and Regional Development in Nigeria”, The Nigerian Journal of Economic and Social Studies, 12(1); s.243-262.
  • MASSEY, D.S., ARANGO, J., HUGO, G., KOUAOUCI, A., PELLEGRINO, A. & TAYLOR, J.E. (1993). “Theories of International Migration: A Review and Appraisal”, Population and Development Review, 19(3); 431-466.
  • MASSEY, D.S. (1999). “Why Does Immigration Occur? A Theoretical Synthesis”, s.34-52, (Ed.) Hirschman, C., Kasinitz, P. & De Wind, J., The Handbook of International Migration: The American Experience, Russell Sage Foundation: New York.
  • PETERSEN, W. (1978). “International Migration”, Annual Review of Sociology, (4): 533-575.
  • PORTES, A. (1997). “Immigration Theory for a New Century: Some Problems and Opportunities, The International Migration Review, 31(4); 799-825.
  • RAVENSTEIN, E.G. (1885). “The Laws of Migration”, Journal of the Statistical Society of London, 48(2); 167-235.
  • SANDAL, E.K., HANÇERKIRAN, M. & TIRAŞ, M. (2016). “Türkiye’deki Suriyeli Mülteciler ve Gaziantep İlindeki Yansımaları”, Gaziantep University Journal of Social Sciences, 15(2), s.461-483.
  • SJAASTAD, L.A. (1962). “The Cost and Returns of Human Migraiton”, Journal of Political Economy, 70, 80-93.
  • STARK, O. & BLOOM, D.E. (1985). “The New Economics of Labor Migration”, The American Economic Review, 75(2); 173-178.
  • OLEJAROVA, E. (2007). “Labor Migration As a Socio-Economic Phenomenon: Slovakia and the Czech Republic in a Comparative Perspective”, Central European University, International Relations and European Studies
  • TODARO, M.P. (1980). “International Migration in Developing Countries: A Survey”, s.361-402. (Ed.). Easterlin, R.A. Population and Economic Change in Developing Countries. The University of Chicago Press: London.
  • TODARO, M.P. & MARUSZKO, L. (1987). “Illegal Migration and US Immigration Reform: A Conceptual Framework”, Population and Development Review, 13(1); 101-114.
  • UNHRC. The New York Declaration for Refugees and Migrants. http://www.unhcr.org/584689257.pdf. Erişim Tarihi: 19.12.2017.
  • ZIPF, G.K. (1946). “The P1P2/D Hypothesis: On The Intercity Movement of Persons”, American Sociological Review, 11(6); 677-686.
  • https://www.voanews.com/a/us-backs-out-of-migration-pact/4147078.html. Erişim Tarihi: 20.12.2017
  • http://www.un.org. UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division, International Migration. Erişim Tarihi: 20.12.2017
There are 31 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Erdem Develi This is me

Publication Date November 30, 2017
Published in Issue Year 2017 Volume: 22 Issue: Göç Özel Sayısı

Cite

APA Develi, E. (2017). 21. YÜZYILDA GÖÇ OLGUSU: ULUSLARARASI GÖÇ TEORİLERİNİN EKONOMİ POLİTİĞİ. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi İktisadi Ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 22(Göç Özel Sayısı), 1343-1353.