AB’DE KAMU İHALELERİ VE İHALE SÖZLEŞMELERİ: İKTİSAT POLİTİKASI PERSPEKTİFİNDEN TARTIŞMA

Year 2023, Volume: 28 Issue: 1, 1 - 16, 31.01.2023

Kaan Çelikok

Abstract

Kamu ihale hukuku, kamu yönetiminin önemli bir parçasıdır ve sözleşme hukuku, idare hukuku ve rekabet hukuku gibi hukukun diğer alanlarıyla yakından bağlantılıdır. Kamu kaynaklarının kamu yararına uygun bir şekilde harcanmasını sağlamak için tasarlandığından, kamu politikasıyla da yakından bağlantılıdır. Kamu ihale hukuku, kamu makamlarının mal ve hizmet satın alırken paranın karşılığını en iyi şekilde alabilmesini sağlamak üzere tasarlandığından, uluslararası ticaret hukuku ile de yakından bağlantılıdır. Kanun aynı zamanda kamu kaynaklarının etkin bir şekilde kullanılmasını ve kamu ihalelerinin ekonomik açıdan en avantajlı teklifi verene verilmesini sağlamayı amaçlamaktadır. Kanun, kamu ihalelerinin rekabeti teşvik edecek ve yeniliği teşvik edecek şekilde verilmesini sağlamaya çalışır. Kamu ihale hukuku, sürekli değişen karmaşık bir hukuk alanıdır. AB, kamu ihale hukuku alanında ulusal hukuk sisteminde uygulanmış olan bir dizi direktif kabul etmiştir. Çalışmanın amacı, AB'de ihale hukuku kavramını tarihsel ve hukuki bir perspektiften ele almak ve ekonomi politikasına yansımasını açıklamaktır. Çalışma tarihsel ve hukuki bir bölümle başlamaktadır. Hukuki kısımda ise “ihale hukuku” kavramı tanımlanacaktır. Ayrıca, ihalelerde çıkan sorunlar iki vaka çalışması kullanılarak incelenecektir. İlk vaka, kamu ihale yasasının ihlalini, ikincisi ise belediye su temini ve özelleştirilmesiyle ilgili tartışmayı içermektedir.

Keywords

Kamu İhale Kanunu, Sözleşme Hukuku, Avrupa Birliği, Su Temini

PUBLIC PROCUREMENT AND CONTRACT AWARD IN THE EU: DISCUSSION FROM ECONOMIC POLICY PERSPECTIVE

Abstract

Procurement law refers to a set of rules, regulations, and guidelines that govern the purchase and procurement of goods and services by businesses and government entities. These laws are designed to protect consumers and ensure fairness and transparency in the process. Public procurement law is an important part of public administration and is closely linked to other areas of law, such as contract law, administrative law, and competition law. It is also closely linked to public policy, as it is designed to ensure that public funds are spent in a way that is consistent with the public interest. Public procurement law is also closely linked to international trade law, as it is designed to ensure that public authorities are able to obtain the best value for money when purchasing goods and service. The law also seeks to ensure that public contracts are awarded in a way that promotes competition. The competitiveness will ultimately bring innovation. Public procurement law is a complex area of law that is constantly changing. The EU has adopted a number of directives in the field of public procurement law, which have been implemented in the national legal system. The aim of the study is to discuss the concept of procurement law in the EU from a historical and legal perspective and to explain its reflection on economic policy. The study begins with a historical and legal part. In the legal part, the term “procurement law” is to be defined. Furthermore, the problem in connection with the award of contracts will be illustrated by using two case studies. The first case is about a violation of public procurement law, and the second is about the debate about municipal water supply and its privatization. It will be illustrated how public procurement law affects the competition among companies, how it contributes to the stability of the European economy and how it reflects the European Union’s commitment to sustainable development. The results show that the amendment to the public procurement law will have limited impact on achieving the goal of greater competitiveness and transparency, as some member states do not address any of the possible consequences of water privatization, such as public resistance to the change, the potential for unfair pricing, or lack of access to water for certain communities.

Keywords

Kamu İhale Kanunu, Sözleşme Hukuku, Avrupa Birliği, Su Temini

References

• BOVIS, C. (2012). EU Public Procurement Law, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham.
• BUNDESMINISTERIUM FÜR WİRTSCHAFT UND ENERGIE (2016). Ordinance on the Award of Public Contracts (Procurement Ordinance (Vergabeverordnung – VgV)), Federal Law Gazette I of 14 April 2016.
• COMMISSION of the EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES (2001). Green Paper: Promoting a European framework for Corporate Social Responsibility, Brussels, COM(2001) 366 final.
• EUROPEAN COMMISSION (2011a). Green Paper on the modernisation of EU public procurement policy: Towards a more efficient European Procurement Market, Brussels, 27.1.2011 COM(2011)15 final.
• EUROPEAN COMMISSION (2011b). Impact Assessment of an Initiative on Concessions: Proposal for a Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council on the Award of Concession Contracts, Brussels, {COM(2011) 897 final} {SEC(2011) 1589 final.
• EUROPEAN COMMISSION (2016). EU Public Procurement reform: Less bureaucracy, higher efficiency An overview of the new EU procurement and concession rules introduced on 18 April 2016.
• EUROPEAN PUBLIC SERVICE UNION (2013). ‘‘Commissioner Barnier's proposal to exclude water services success for Europe's citizens’’, https://www.epsu.org/article/commissioner-barniers-proposal-exclude-water-services-success-europes-citizens, 30.07.2022.
• FEDERAL MINISTRY OF JUSTICE (2013). ‘‘Gesetz gegen Wettbewerbsbeschränkungen – GWB)’’, https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/englisch_gwb/englisch_gwb.html, 28.08.2022
• FRENZ, W. (2018). Vergaberecht EU und National, Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
• GRAELLS, A. S. (2015). Public procurement and the EU competition rules. Bloomsbury Publishing.
• HAMBURGER ABENDBLATT (2013). “Schwere Vorwürfe gegen Hamburg Energie”, https://www.abendblatt.de/wirtschaft/article122240983/Schwere-Vorwuerfe-gegen-Hamburg-Energie.html, 25.07.2022.
• HÖHN, M. I. (2010). Relational supply contracts: optimal concessions in return policies for continuous quality improvements (Vol. 629). Springer Science & Business Media, Berlin.
• NAUMANN, D. (2019). Vergaberecht: Grundzüge der öffentlichen Auftragsvergabe, Springer Fachmedien, Wiesbaden.
• OECD (2014) ‘‘Going green: best practices for green procurement’’, Smart Procurement, Austria Asfinag.
• OEM (2022). ‘‘About OEM’’ https://www.oem.se/en/about-oem-international, 01.07.2022.
• OFFICIAL JOURNAL of the EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES (1985a). Council directive of 27 June 1985 on the assessment of the effects of certain public and private projects on the environment, No L 175/40-48.
• OFFICIAL JOURNAL of the EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES (1985b). Council Decision of 27 June 1985 on the adoption of the Commission work programme concerning an experimental project for gathering, coordinating and ensuring the consistency of information on the state of the environment and natural resources in the Community, No L 176/ 14-17.
• OFFICIAL JOURNAL of the EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES (1991). Council Directive of 21 May 1991 concerning urban waste water treatment, No L 135/40-52.
• OFFICIAL JOURNAL of the EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES (1992). Council Directive 92/13 /EEC of 25 February 1992 coordinating the laws, regulations and administrative provisions relating to the application of Community rules on the procurement procedures of entities operating in the water, energy, transport and telecommunications sectors, No L 76/14-20.
• OFFICIAL JOURNAL of the EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES (1998). Council Directive 98/83/EC of 3 November 1998 on the quality of water intended for human consumption, L 330/32-54.
• OFFICIAL JOURNAL of the EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES (2000). Directive 2000/60/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 October 2000 establishing a framework for Community action in the field of water policy.
• OFFICIAL JOURNAL of the EUROPEAN UNION (2004a). Directive 2004/17/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 31 March 2004 coordinating the procurement procedures of entities operating in the water, energy, transport and postal services sectors, No L 134/1-113.
• OFFICIAL JOURNAL of the EUROPEAN UNION (2004b). Directive 2004/18/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 31 March 2004 on the coordination of procedures for the award of public works contracts, public supply contracts and public service contracts, L 134/114-240.
• OFFICIAL JOURNAL of the EUROPEAN UNION (2012). Consolidated versions of the treaty on European Union and the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, C326/20-55.
• OFFICIAL JOURNAL of the EUROPEAN UNION (2014a). Directive 2014/24/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 26 February 2014 on public procurement and repealing Directive 2004/18/EC, L94/65-242.
• OFFICIAL JOURNAL of the EUROPEAN UNION (2014b). Directive 2014/25/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 26 February 2014 on procurement by entities operating in the water, energy, transport and postal services sectors and repealing Directive 2004/17/EC, L 94/243-374.
• OFFICIAL JOURNAL of the EUROPEAN UNION (2014c). DIRECTIVE 2014/23/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 26 February 2014 on the award of concession contract, L 94/1-64.
• SCHEBESTA, H. (2016). Damages in EU public procurement law (Vol. 6). Cham: Springer.
• SOMACH, S. L. and HITCHINGS, A. M. (1996). Antitrust Considerations in Water Marketing. Natural Resources & Environment, 11(2), 26-67.
• WEI, Y. (2014). Regulating municipal water supply concessions: accountability in transitional China. Springer.
• WEIDENHOLZER, J. (2014). ‘‘Vergabepakete abgeschlossen’’, http://www.weidenholzer.eu/2014/02/14/vergabepaket-abgeschlossen/, 14.02.2022.
• WELT (2013). ‘‘Rechnungshof rügt Hamburg Energie’’, https://www.welt.de/print/die_welt/hamburg/article122257427/Rechnungshof-ruegt-Hamburg-Energie.html, 26.07.2022.
• WILLIAMSON, Oliver E. (1976). Franchise bidding for natural monopolies-in general and with respect to CATV. The Bell Journal of Economics, 73-104.