Postmenopozal Kadınlarda 10 Yıllık Süreçte Diş Kaybının Değerlendirilmesi

Abstract

Bu çalışmanın amacı, kadınlarda menopozda geçen on yılda oluşan diş kaybı ile bununla ilişkili olarak periodontal durum ve ağız- diş sağlığındaki değişimleri değerlendirmektir. Bu araştırmada, Menopoz, Sağlık ve Yaşam Biçimi Çalışması’ na katılan 1039 kadın 10 yıl sonra tekrar muayene edilmek üzere davet edildi. Bu daveti kabul eden 58 postmenopozal kadın, diş kaybı ve oral sağlık açısından tekrar değerlendirildi. Bireylerin sistemik sağlık durumları sorgulandı. Klinik muayenede, kalan diş sayısı, tükürük akış hızı, periodontal durumu değerlendirmek için plak indeksi (PI), gingival indeks (GI), diştaşı indeksi (CI), periodontal cep derinliği (CD), klinik ataçman kaybı (KAK), sondlamada kanama (SK) ve diş sağlığını değerlendirmek için çürük, dolgulu, kayıp diş indeksi (decay, missing, filled teeth - DMFT) kaydedildi. Bu parametrelerde on yıl içinde oluşan değişimler istatistiksel olarak karşılaştırıldı ve parametreler arasındaki korelasyonlar araştırıldı. Araştırmaya katılan bireylerde, on yıllık süreçte ortalama 2 diş daha eksilirken, tükürük miktarlarının azaldığı ve PI ve CI değerleri düşerken, GI, SK, CD, KAK ve DMFT değerlerinin arttığı saptandı. Başlangıç ve 10. Yıl GI değerleri ile eksik diş sayıları arasında anlamlı korelasyonlar belirlendi. Sonuç, Menopozda geçen her on yılda kadınlar ortalama 2 diş kaybedebilir. Bu kayıpların önüne geçmek için post menopozal kadınlara düzenli diş hekimliği kontrolü ve destekleyici periodontal tedavi önerilmelidir.

Keywords

• menopoz
• diş kaybı
• oral hijyen

Supporting Institution

yok

Project Number

yok

Thanks

yok

Evaluation of Tooth Loss in Post-Menopausal Women over a Ten-Year Period

Abstract

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the tooth loss and the changes in the periodontal and dental health status in the women who participated to Isparta Menopause and Health Study at ten years period. Material and Methods: In this study, 1039 women who are participated Isparta Menopause and Health Study at 2006 were invited for re-evaluation in 2016. Fifty-eight post-menopausal women were recruited the study. Systemic health status, the number of remaining teeth, plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), calculus index (CI), periodontal probing depth (PPD), clinical attachment loss (CAL), bleeding on probing (BOP), decay, missing, filled teeth index (DMFT), salivary flow rate and oral hygiene habits were recorded. The baseline and ten years follow-up data were statistically compared and the correlations between parameters were explored. Results: There were statistically significant changes in the number of teeth, periodontal and dental health. Participants lost 2 teeth in average at ten years period. Salivary flow rate, PI and CI decreased and GI, BOP, PPD, CAL increased. There were significant correlations between baseline and ten years GI values and the number of missing teeth. Conclusion: Women can lose an average of 2 teeth per decade of menopause. To prevent these losses, regular dental check-ups and supportive periodontal treatment should be offered to postmenopausal women..

Keywords

• menopause
• tooth loss
• oral hygiene

Project Number

yok

References

1. Kaynakça / References
2. [1] Lamster, I. B. 2016. Geriatric periodontology: how the need to care for the aging population can influence the future of the dental profession. Periodontology 2000, 72(1), 7-12.
3. [2] Belsky, D. W., Caspi, A., Arseneault, L., Baccarelli, A., Corcoran, D. L., Gao, X., Moffitt, T. E. 2020. Quantification of the pace of biological aging in humans through a blood test, the DunedinPoAm DNA methylation algorithm. Elife, 9, e54870.
4. [3] Soules, M.R., Sherman, S., Parrott, E., Rebar, R., Santoro, N., Utian, W., Woods, N. 2001. Executive summary: Stages of Reproductive Aging Workshop (STRAW). Fertility and Sterility, 76, 874-878.
5. [4] WHO. 1996. Research on the menopause in the 1990a. Report of a WHO Scientific Group. World Health Orgaization Technical Report Series, 866,1-107.
6. [5] Reynolds, R.F., Obermeyer, C.M. 2005. The age of those going through the natural menopause in Spain and the United States: Results from the dames project American. Journal of Human Biology, 17, 331–340.
7. [6] Palacios, S., Henderson, V.W., Siseles, N., Tan, D., Villaseca, P. 2010. Age of menopause and impact of climacteric symptoms by geographical region. Climacteric, 13, 419–428.
8. [7] Turfanda, A., Topuz, S. 2004. “Menopoz”, Jinekoloji, (Ed. S Berkman), Nobel Tıp Kitabevleri Ltd.Şti,İstanbul,87-97.

9. [8] Lopez, B.C., Perez, M.G., Soriano, Y.J. 2011. Dental considerations in pregnancy and menopause. Journal of Clinical Experimental Dentistry, 3, 135–44.
10. [9] Thompson, I.O., van der Bijl, P., van Wyk, C.W., van Eyk, A.D. 2001. A comparative light-microscopic, electron-microscopic and chemical study of human vaginal and buccal epithelium. Archieves of Oral Biology, 46, 1091–8.
11. [10] Leimola-Virtanen, R., Pennanen, R., Syrjänen, K., Syrjänen, S. 1997. Estrogen response in buccal mucosa - A cytological and immunohistological assay. Maturitas, 27:41–5.
12. [11] Leimola-Virtanen, R., Salo, T., Toikkanen, S., Pulkkinen, J., Syrjänen, S. 2000. Expression of estrogen receptor (ER) in oral mucosa and salivary glands. Maturitas;36:131–7.
13. [12] Välimaa, H., Savolainen, S., Soukka, T., Silvoniemi, P., Mäkelä, S., Kujari, H. 2004. Estrogen receptor-beta is the predominant estrogen receptor subtype in human oral epithelium and salivary glands. Journal of Endocrinology;180:55–62.
14. [13] Cao, M., Shu, L., Li, J., Su, J., Zhang, W., Wang, Q., Guo, T., & Ding, Y. 2007. The expression of estrogen receptors and the effects of estrogen on human periodontal ligament cells. Methods and findings in experimental and clinical pharmacology, 29(5), 329–335.
15. [14] Friedlander, A. H. 2002. The physiology, medical management and oral implications of menopause. Journal of the American Dental Association (1939), 133(1), 73–81.
16. [15] Usalan, G.,Alkurt, T.,Peker, İ.,Altunkaynak, B. 2007. Menopoz sonrası dönemindeki kadınlarda diş kaybına neden olan etkenlerin değerlendirilmesi. Hacettepe Dişhekimliği Fakültesi Dergisi (Clinical Dentistry and Research), 31(4), 89 - 95.
17. [16] LaMonte, M.J., Hovey, K.M., Genco, R.J., Millen, A.E., Trevisan, M. and Wactawski-Wende, J. 2013. Five-Year Changes in Periodontal Disease Measures Among Postmenopausal Females: The Buffalo OsteoPerio Study. Journal of Periodontology, 84: 572-584.
18. [17] Millen, A.E., Andrews, C.A., LaMonte, M.J., Hovey, K.M., Swanson, M., Genco, R.J. and Wactawski-Wende, J. 2014. Vitamin D Status and 5-Year Changes in Periodontal Disease Measures Among Postmenopausal Women: The Buffalo OsteoPerio Study. Journal of Periodontology, 85, 1321-1332.
19. [18] Silness, J., Löe, H. 1964. Periodontal disease in pregnancy. II. Correlation between oralhygiene and periodontal conditions. Acta Odontologica Scandinavia 22, 121–135.
20. [19] Löe, H., Silness, J. 1963. Periodontal disease in pregnancy. I. Prevalence and severity, Acta Odontologica Scandinavia, 21, 533–551.
21. [20] Greene, J., Vermillion, J. 1960. The oral hygiene index: a method for classifying oral hygiene status. Journal of American Dental Association, 61, 171.
22. [21] Ainamo, J., Bay, I. 1975. Problems and proposals for recording gingivitis and plaque. International Dental Journal, 25(4), 229–235.
23. [22] Navazesh, M. 1993. Methods for collecting saliva. Annals of New York Academical Sciences, 694, 72–77. [23] Pan, M. Y., Hsieh, T. C., Chen, P. H., & Chen, M. Y. 2019. Factors Associated with Tooth Loss in Postmenopausal Women: A Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study. International journal of environmental research and public health, 16(20), 3945.
24. [24] Josefsson, E., Tarkowski, A., & Carlsten, H. 1992. Anti-inflammatory properties of estrogen. I. In vivo suppression of leukocyte production in bone marrow and redistribution of peripheral blood neutrophils. Cellular immunology, 142(1), 67–78.
25. [25] Ozçaka, O. Becerik, S. Bıçakcı, N ve Kiyak, A.H. 2014. Periodontal disease and systemic diseases in an older population. Arch Gerontol Geriatr, 59(2), 474-479.
26. [26] Krall, E.A., Dawson-Hughes, B., Hannan, M.T., Wilson, P.W., Kiel, D.P. 1997. Postmenopausal estrogen replacement and tooth retention. The American Journal of Medicine, 102, 536-42.
27. [27] Han, K., Ko, Y., Park, Y. G., & Park, J. B. 2016. Associations between the number of natural teeth in postmenopausal women and hormone replacement therapy. Maturitas, 94, 125–130.
28. [28] Haas, A. N., Rösing, C. K., Oppermann, R. V., Albandar, J. M., & Susin, C. 2009. Association among menopause, hormone replacement therapy, and periodontal attachment loss in southern Brazilian women. Journal of periodontology, 80(9), 1380–1387.
29. [29] Pizzo, G., Guiglia, R., Licata, M. E., Pizzo, I., Davis, J. M., & Giuliana, G. 2011. Effect of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on periodontal status of postmenopausal women. Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research, 17(4), PH23–PH27.
30. [30] Yanık, B., Atalar, H., Geler Külcü, D., Gökmen, D. 2007. Postmenopozal Kadınlarda Vücut Kütle İndeksinin Kemik Mineral Yoğunluğuna Etkisi. Turk J Osteoporos;13 (3),0-0.
31. [31] Öztürk, Tonguç, M., Büyükkaplan, U. S., Fentoglu, O., Gümüs, B. A., Çerçi, S. S. ve Kirzioglu, F. Y. 2012. Comparison of bone mineral density in the jaws of patients with and without chronic periodontitis. Dentomaxillofac Radiol, 41(6), 509-514.