Effects of Anemia in Adolescent and Advanced Pregnancies on Placental BDNF and NGF Levels

Abstract

This study aimed to determine whether young and older maternal anemia affects brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and nerve growth factor (NGF) levels in placental tissue. According to the anemia status of the pregnant women included in the study;1- Anemic pregnant women under the age of 18 (study group) (n: 30),2- Anemic pregnant women over the age of 35 (study group) (n: 36),3- Non-anemic pregnant women under the age of 18 (control group) (n: 30),4- Non-anaemic pregnant women over the age of 35 (control group) (n: 39). It was conducted in 4 groups. The collected placenta tissues were fixed for the application of immunohistochemistry technique. Placental BDNF and NGF levels were examined. In BDNF immunostaining, a weak to moderate reaction was observed in the syncytiotrophoblast and stromal cells in the anemic and non-anemic groups under the age of 18. While a weak to moderate expression was observed in the anemic group over the age of 35, a strong reaction was noted in the syncytiotrophoblast and stromal cells in the non-anemic group over the age of 35. In NGF immunostaining, a weak reaction was observed in the syncytiotrophoblast cells in the anemic group under 18 years of age, while a strong immune reaction was observed in the syncytiotrophoblast cells and stroma in the non-anemic group under 18 years of age. While a moderate to strong reaction was observed in the anemic group over the age of 35, a very strong expression in the syncytiotrophoblast cells and stroma was noted in the non-anemic group over the age of 35. While the BDNF expression level in the placenta was higher in young pregnant women with anemia, it was observed that the NGF expression level was lower in young pregnant women with anemia. While neurotrophins (BDNF and NGF) are higher in older age pregnant women without anemia, they are lower in older anemic pregnant women. Anemia appears to suppress neurotrophins in the placenta in older age groups. Maternal anemia affects the neonatal central nervous system. The research is registered as Clinical trials (NCT03893084).

Keywords

• Anemia
• adolescent pregnancy
• advanced age pregnancy
• brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)
• nerve growth factor (NGF)
• placenta

Genç ve İleri Yaş Gebeliklerde Görülen Aneminin Plasental BDNF ve NGF Düzeylerine Etkileri

Abstract

Bu çalışmada genç ve ileri yaş maternal aneminin plasenta dokusunda beyin-türevli nörotrofik faktör (BDNF) ve sinir büyüme faktörü (NGF) düzeyleri üzerinde etkili olup olmadığının belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırma kapsamındaki gebelerin, anemi durumlarına göre; 1- 18 yaş altı anemik gebeler (çalışma grubu) (n: 30), 2- 35 yaş üstü anemik gebeler (çalışma grubu) (n: 36), 3- 18 yaş altı anemik olmayan gebeler (kontrol grubu) (n: 30), 4- 35 yaş üstü anemik olmayan gebeler (kontrol grubu) (n: 39), olmak üzere 4 grupta yürütülmüştür. Alınan plasenta dokuları immünohistokimya tekniği uygulaması için fiksatife alınmıştır. Plasental BDNF ve NGF düzeylerine bakılmıştır. BDNF immün boyamasında 18 yaş altı anemik ve anemik olmayan grupta sinsityotrofoblast ve stromal hücrelerde zayıftan ortaya değişen reaksiyon izlendi. 35 yaş üstü anemik grupta da zayıftan ortaya değişen ekspresyon izlenirken, 35 yaş üstü anemik olmayan grupta sinsityotrofoblast ve stromal hücrelerde kuvvetli reaksiyon dikkati çekti. NGF immün boyamasında 18 yaş altı anemik grupta sinsityotrofoblast hücrelerinde zayıf reaksiyon izlenirken, 18 yaş altı anemik olmayan grupta sinsityotrofoblast hücrelerde ve stromada ise kuvvetli immün reaksiyon izlendi. 35 yaş üstü anemik grupta ortadan kuvvetliye değişen reaksiyon izlenirken, 35 yaş üstü anemik olmayan grupta sinsityotrofoblast hücrelerde ve stromada oldukça kuvvetli ekspresyon dikkati çekti. Plasentada BDNF ekspresyon düzeyi anemisi olan genç gebelerde daha yüksek etkili iken, NGF ekspresyon düzeyi anemisi olan genç gebelerde düşük olduğu görülmüştür. Anemisi olmayan ileri yaş grup gebelerde nörotrofinler (BDNF ve NGF) daha yüksek iken, ileri yaş anemik gebelerde düşüktür. Aneminin ileri yaş gruplarında plasentadaki nörotrofinleri baskıladığı görülmektedir. Maternal anemi yeni doğan merkezi sinir sisteminde etkilidir. Clinical trials numarası NCT03893084.

Keywords

• Anemi
• genç gebe
• ileri yaş gebe
• beyin-türevli nörotrofik faktör (BDNF)
• sinir büyüme faktörü (NGF)
• plasenta

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