Effect of Smoking and Periodontitis on Adropin Level in Gingival Crevicular Fluid

Abstract

Objectives: One of the most significant environmental risk factors, smoking, acts both locally and systemically to contribute to the pathophysiology and development of periodontal diseases. The purpose of this research is to quantify and contrast the levels of adropin in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF), which have a comparable mode of action to periodontal disorders and smoking-related endothelial wall dysfunction. Materials and methods: In total, 80 participants were enrolled in this study: 40 patients with periodontitis (20 smokers and 20 non-smokers) and 40 healthy control patients (20 smokers and 20 non-smokers). GCF samples were obtained, and clinical parameters (plaque index, gingival index, clinical attachment level, and probing pocket depth) were noted for each participant. To measure the amount of adropin, the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method was employed. Shapiro Wilk, Mann Whitney U, Kruskall Wallis, and Chi square tests were used to statistically analyze the clinical and biochemical parameters. Results: Periodontitis, GCF adropin concentrations and periodontal clinical index averages were higher than healthy patients (p<0.001). There was no statistically significant difference in GCF adropin concentrations between smokers with periodontitis (PS) and nonsmokers with periodontitis (P), or between smokers who were periodontally healthy (HS) and nonsmokers who were periodontally healthy (H). Conclusions Adropin may be a potential diagnostic tool for periodontitis, regardless of smoking. However, studies investigating different biochemical parameters in GCF are needed to help understand the interaction of adropin with other mediators.

Keywords

• Periodontitis
• Smoking
• Gingival fluid
• Adropin

Sigara ve Periodontitisin Dişeti Oluğu Sıvısındaki Adropin Düzeyine Etkisi

Abstract

Amaç: En önemli çevresel risk faktörlerinden biri olan sigara, lokal ve sistemik etki göstererek periodontal hastalıkların patogenezinde ve gelişiminde rol oynamaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, benzer etki mekanizmasına sahip endotel duvarında sigara içmenin ve periodontal hastalıkların neden olduğu disfonksiyonla yakından ilişkili olan diş eti oluğu sıvısındaki (DOS) adropin düzeylerini ölçmek ve karşılaştırmaktır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Bu çalışmaya 40 periodontitis hastası (20 sigara içen ve 20 sigara içmeyen) ve 40 sağlıklı kontrol hastası (20 sigara içen ve 20 sigara içmeyen) olmak üzere toplam 80 kişi dahil edildi. Tüm katılımcıların klinik ölçümleri (plak indeksi, diş eti indeksi, klinik ataşman seviyesi, sondalama cep derinliği kaydedildi ve DOS örnekleri toplandı. Adropin düzeyini analiz etmek için enzime bağlı immünosorbent tahlili (ELISA) tekniği kullanıldı. Klinik ve biyokimyasal parametrelerin istatistiksel analizi Shapiro Wilk, Mann Whitney U, Kruskall Wallis ve Ki kare testi kullanılarak yapıldı. Bulgular: Periodontitis, DOS adropin konsantrasyonları ve periodontal klinik indeks ortalamaları sağlıklı hastalara göre daha yüksekti (p<0.001). Periodontitisli sigara içenler (PS) ile sigara içmeyen periodontitisli (P) veya periodontal olarak sağlıklı olan sigara içenler (HS) ile periodontal olarak sağlıklı olan sigara içmeyenler (H) arasında DOS adropin konsantrasyonları açısından istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark yoktu. Sonuçlar: Adropin, sigara içimine bakılmaksızın periodontit için potansiyel bir teşhis aracı olabilir. Ancak adropinin diğer medyatörlerle etkileşiminin anlaşılmasına yardımcı olmak için DOS'daki farklı biyokimyasal parametreleri araştıran çalışmalara ihtiyaç vardır.

Keywords

• Periodontitis
• Sigara
• Dişeti Oluğu Sıvısı
• Adropin

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