Echinacea purpurea Ekstraktı ile Sentezlenen Biyojenik Çinko Oksit Nanopartiküllerin İn Vitro Biyolojik Aktivitelerinin Değerlendirilmesi

Abstract

Bu çalışmada, çeşitli biyomedikal uygulamalar için kolay, ekonomik ve çevreye duyarlı bir yöntemle çinko oksit nanopartikül (ZnO NP) sentezi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Biyojenik ZnO NP’ler, etkili bir indirgeyici ve kaplayıcı ajan olarak ekinezya (Echinacea purpurea) bitki özütü kullanılarak sentezlenmiştir. ZnO NP'lerin karakterizasyonu için UV-Görünür bölge spektrofotometresi, taramalı elektron mikroskobu (SEM), enerji dağılım X-ışını spektrometresi (EDX) ve X-Işını difraktometresi (XRD) kullanılmıştır. UV-Görünür bölge spektrumundaki 363 nm dalga boyundaki spesifik pik ve XRD sonuçlarındaki spesifik pikler ZnO NP’lerin sentezini doğrulamıştır. Ayrıca SEM görüntüsü ve XRD sonucu tanecik boyutu hesaplamaları partikülün nano boyutta olduğunu doğrulamıştır. Karakterize edilen ZnO NP’ler daha sonra antioksidan ve antibakteriyel potansiyelleri açısından araştırılmıştır. Antioksidan aktivite için 2,2-Difenil-1-pikrilhidrazil (DPPH) ve 2,2’-azino-bis (3-etil-benztiyoazolin-6-sülfonikasit) (ABTS) testleri kullanılmıştır. ZnO NP’ler DPPH radikaline karşı 2,046 mg/mL ve ABTS radikaline karşı 3,294 mg/mL IC50 değerleri ile belirgin antioksidan aktivite göstermiştir. ZnO NP’lerin antibakteriyel etkisi Escherichia coli (E. coli), Salmonella Enteritidis (S. enteritidis), Listeria monocytogenes (L. monocytogenes) ve Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) olmak üzere dört farklı bakteri türü için mikrodilüsyon tekniği ile incelenmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlar, ZnO NP’lerin bakteri türleri üzerinde doza bağımlı antibakteriye etki gösterdiğini tespit etmiştir. E. coli için minimum inhibitör konsantrasyon (MİK) değeri 131,8 µg/mL, S. enteritidis için 90,98 µg/mL, L. monocytogenes için 70,51 µg/mL ve S. aureus için 130,4 µg/mL olarak hesaplanmıştır. Sonuç olarak, ekinezya aracılığıyla elde edilen biyojenik ZnO NP’ler, güçlü antioksidan ve antibakteriyel özellikleriyle biyomedikal uygulamalar için umut vadeden imkanlar sunmaktadır.

Keywords

• Echinacea purpurea
• ZnO np
• Antioksidan
• Antibakteriyel

In Vitro Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities of Biogenically Synthesized Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Using Echinacea purpurea Extract

Abstract

This research presents the zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) through a straightforward, economical, and environmentally sustainable approach tailored for biomedical applications. The nanoparticles were biogenically fabricated using Echinacea purpurea extract, which served as an efficient reducing and capping agent. Comprehensive characterization was conducted via ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). An absorption band near at 363 nm in the UV-Vis spectrum, alongside distinct diffraction peaks in the XRD patterns, verified the successful formation of the ZnO NPs. SEM imaging and crystallite size analysis from XRD data further confirmed their nanoscale dimensions. The synthesized ZnO NPs were subsequently assessed for their antioxidant and antimicrobial efficacy. Antioxidant performance was evaluated using DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) and ABTS (2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)) radical scavenging assays, yielding IC50 values of 2.046 mg/mL and 3.294 mg/mL, respectively. The antimicrobial potential was examined against four pathogenic bacteria—Escherichia coli, Salmonella Enteritidis, Listeria monocytogenes, and Staphylococcus aureus—using a broth microdilution method. The findings indicated a concentration-dependent inhibitory effect, with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) calculated as 131.8 µg/mL, 90.98 µg/mL, 70.51 µg/mL, and 130.4 µg/mL for the respective strains. In conclusion, the study highlights that ZnO NPs synthesized using Echinacea purpurea extract possess substantial bioactivity, indicating their potential utility in future biomedical fields due to their pronounced antioxidant and antibacterial functionalities.

Keywords

• Echinacea purpurea
• ZnO np
• Antioxidant
• Antibacterial

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