The Effect of Long-Term Heavy Smoking on Gingival Crevicular Fluid IL-4 levels

Abstract

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of long-term and heavy smoking on the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) interleukin–4 (IL-4) levels in chronic periodontitis patients. Methods: The study population included 126 non-smoker (NS) and long-term and heavy smoker (S) chronic periodontitis patients and 17 non-smoker healthy controls (C). The NS and S groups were divided into three subgroups according to the probing depth (PD) categories: a: PD ≤ 3 mm, b: PD= 4-5 mm, c: PD > 5 mm. For each individual, clinical data were recorded. Results: All of the NS subgroups had higher IL–4 concentrations than the C group (p<0.05). But in the S a- and b-subgroups, lower IL–4 levels were found than that in the C group (p<0.05). The NS a- and b-subgroups showed significant negative correlations between IL–4 and gingival inflammation symptoms (p<0.05). Conclusion: Our study has supported that long-term and heavy smoking impairs the immune response in periodontitis patients.

Keywords

• Interleukin–4
• gingival crevicular fluid
• periodontitis
• smoking

Uzun dönem aşırı sigara kullanımının kronik periodontitisli bireylerde dişeti oluğu sıvısı interlökin 4 düzeylerine etkisi

Abstract

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı uzun dönem aşırı sigara kullanımının kronik periodontitis hastalarında dişeti oluğu sıvısı (DOS) interlökin (IL)-4 düzeylerine etkisini belirlemekti. Yöntem ve Gereç: Çalışma popülasyonu sigara içmeyen (S-), uzun dönem aşırı sigara içen (S+) 126 kronik periodontitisli ve 17 sağlıklı kontrol (K) bireyden oluştu. Sigara içen ve içmeyen gruplar cep derinliği (CD) kategorilerine göre üçer alt gruba (a: CD ≤ 3 mm, b: CD= 4-5 mm, c: CD > 5 mm) ayrıldı. Bireylerden klinik ölçümler kaydedildi. Bulgular: Sigara içmeyen tüm S- alt gruplarında K grubuna göre DOS IL–4 düzeyleri yüksekti (p<0.05). Ancak DOS IL–4 düzeyleri S+a ve S+b alt gruplarında K grubuna göre anlamlı derecede düşük bulundu (p<0.05). Dişeti inflamasyon belirteçleri ve IL–4 düzeyleri arasındaki korelasyonlar S-a ve S-b alt gruplarında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı ve negatifti (p<0.05). Sonuçlar: Çalışmamızın sonuçları uzun dönemli aşırı sigara kullanımının periodontitisli bireylerde immün cevapta bazı bozulmalara yol açabileceğini desteklemektedir.

Keywords

• İnterlökin–4
• dişeti oluğu sıvısı
• periodontitis
• sigara kullanımı

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