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Vitamin B12 and its effects on neurological disorders

Year 2010, Volume: 1 Issue: 1, 23 - 29, 01.10.2010

Melike Doğan Serpil Demirci

Abstract

Vitamin B12 is a water-soluble vitamin essential for growth and development in humans. It is required for methylation reactions and DNA synthesis. Vitamin B12 deficiency has a causal relationship with a variety of disease and is also recognized as a risk factor for some others. Megaloblastic anemia and neurological disorders are the most prevalent disorders seen with vitamin B12 deficiency. In this review, vitamin B12's absorption, the main physiological functions and the role of it in pathogenesis of neurological disorders is summarized.

Key words: Vitamin B12, cobalamin, neuropathy, myelin

Keywords

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References

  • Kumar SS, Chouhan RS, Thaku MS. Trends in analysis of vitamin B12. Analytical Biochem 2010;398:139-149.
  • Kayaalp O. Antianemik ilaçlar II: megaloblastik anemilere karşı kullanılan ilaçlar ve eritropoietin. Kayaalp O, Ed. Rasyonel Farmakoloji. 10. Baskı, Ankara: Hacettepe- Taş Kitapçılık; 2002:1517-1526. Yönünden Tıbbi
  • Banerjee R. B12 trafficking in mammals: a case for coenzyme escort service. ACS Chem Biol 2006;1:149-159.
  • Banerjee R, Gherasim C, Padovani D. The tinker, tailor, soldier in intracellular B12 trafficking. ;13:484-491. Opin Chem Biol Stover PJ. Vitamin B12 and older adults. Curr Opin Clin Nutric Metab Care ;13:24-27. Quadros EV. Advances in the understanding of cobalamin assimilation and metabolism. Br J Haematol 2009;148:195
  • Gailus S, Höhne W, Gasnier B, Nürnberg P, Fowler B, Rutsch F. Insights into lysosomal cobalamin trafficking: lessons learned from cblF disease. J Mol Med ;88:459-466. Suormala T, Kozich Berghauser M, Wraith JE, Burlina A, Sewell A et al. The CblD defect causes either isolated or combined deficiency of methylcobalamin and adenosylcobalamin synthesis. J Biol Chem 2004;279:42742-42749.
  • Thompson MD, Cole DE, Ray JG. Vitamin B-12 and neural tube defects: the Canadian experience. Am J Clin Nutr ;89:697-701. anemias. In: Braunwald E, Fauci AS, Kasper DL, Hauser SL, Longo DL, Jameson JL, editors. Harrison’s principles of internal medicine, 15th ed. New-York:McGraw-Hill; :674-680. Galboiz Y. Vitamin B12, demyelination, remyelination and repair in multiple sclerosis. J Neurol Sci 2005;233:93-97. status in confirmed Alzheimer’s disease as revealed by serum holotranscobalamin. J
  • Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2003;74:959
  • Fraction of total plasma vitamin B12 bound to transcobalamin correlates with cognitive function in elderly Latinos with depressive symptoms. Clin Chem 2008;54:1210-1217.
  • Refsum H, Sutton L, Ueland PM. Folate, vitamin B12, and serum total homocysteine levels in confirmed Alzheimer disease. Arch Neurol 1998;55:1449-1455.
  • IH, Selhub J. Folate and vitamin B-12 status in relation to anemia, macrocytosis, and cognitive impairment in older Americans in the age of folic acid fortification. Am J Clin Nutr 2007;85:193-200.
  • Christensen JE, Ostergaard K, Rasmussen K. Serum cobalamin and methylmalonic acid in Alzheimer dementia. Acta Neurol Scand ;87:475-481. MO, Gulmann NC, Reynolds EH, Bottiglieri T, Laundy M, Crellin RF, Kirker SG. Vitamin B12 metabolism in multiple sclerosis. Arch Neurol ;49:649-652. gene polymorphisms, and cardiovascular risk. J Appl Genet 2008;49:267-282.
  • Multipl skleroz hastalarında serum vitamin B12 ve folat düzeyleri. Türk Nöroloji Dergisi ;3-4:93-95. Droesch S, Barbea FM, Allen RH, Lambert DA, Nicolas JP. Inhibition of vitamin B12 metabolism by OH-cobalamin c-lactam in rat oligodendrocytes in culture: a model for studying neuropathy due to vitamin B12 deficiency. Neurosci Lett 2000;288:191-194. nervous system due to nutritional deficiency.
  • Adams and Victor’s principles of neurology, th ed. New York’ McGraw-Hill; 2001. p. –22.
  • Synthesis and secretion of transcobalamin II by cultured astrocytes derived from human brain tissues. J Neurol Sci 1994;122:57-60.
  • Pezacka EH, Jacobsen DW, Luce K, Green R. Glial cells as a model fort he role of cobalamin in the nervous system: impaired synthesis of cobalamin coenzymes in cultured human cobalamin deprivation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1992;184:832-839.
  • B12) in subacute combined degeneration and beyond: traditional interpretations and novel theories. Exp Neurol 2005;192:463-479. Scalabrino degeneration in totally gastrectomized rats: an ultrastructural study. J Submicrosc Cytol Pathol 1998;30:165-173. of vitamin B12 (cobalamin) neurotrophism in adult central nervous system: lessons learned from ;88:203-220.
  • Pravettoni G, Scalabrino G. Different uptake of cobalamin (vitamin B12) by astrocytes and oligodendrocytes isolated from rat spinal cord. Glia 2004;45:406-411. Effect neurotransmission and neurite outgrowth. Gen Pharmacol 1996;27:995-1000. short-term
  • Scalabrino G. Cobalamin (vitamin Tredici G, Buccellato FR, Cavaletti G, Subacute G. combined Scalabrino G. The multi-faceted basis deficiency. Prog Neurobiol Buccellato FR, Foi L, Veber D, Fujii A, Matsumoto H, Yamamoto H. B of vitamin complex on T. Protective effects of a vitamin B12 analog, methylcobalamin, cytotoxicity in cultured cortical neurons. Eur J Pharmacol 1993;241:1-6.
  • Tamura Y, Kaneda K, Akaike A. Protective effects of methylcobalamin, a vitamin B12 analog, neurotoxicity in retinal cell culture. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1997;38:848-854.
  • Kimura J. Ultra-high dose methylcobalamin promotes nerve regeneration in experimental acrylamide ;122:140-143. T, (methyl-B12) promotes regeneration of motor nerve terminals degenerating in anterior gracile muscle of gracile axonal dystrophy (GAD) ;170:195-197. signaling: theme and variations. Annu Rev Neurosci 2003;26:299-330. and akt mediate distinct aspects of sensory axon growth. Neuron 2002;35:65-76.
  • Christensen C, Li S, Pedersen MV, Ditlevsen DK, Kornum MK, Kiselyov VV, Berezin V, Bock E. An NCAM-derived FGFreceptor agonist, the FGL-peptide, induces neurite outgrowth and neuronal survival in primary rat neurons. J Neurochem 2004;91:920-935.
  • Okamato M, Kuroda Y, Moritomo H, Murase T, Yoshikawa H. Methylcobalamin increases Erk1/2 and Akt activities through the methylation cycle and promotes nerve regeneration in a rat sciatic injury model. Exp Neurol 2010;222:191-203. glutamate
  • Kikuchi M, Kashii S, Honda Y, against glutamate-induced Watanabe T, Kaji R, Oka N, Bara W, neuropathy. J Neurol Sci Yamazaki K, Oda K, Endo C, Kikuchi Wakabayashi T. Methylcobalamin mutant mouse. Neurosci Lett Segal RA. Selectivity in neurotrophin Markus A, Zhong J, Snider WD. Raf Neiiendam JL, Kohler LB, Okada K, Tanaka H, Temporin K, Magnaghi V, Veber D, Morabito A, Buccellato FR, Melcangi RC, Scalabrino G. Decreased GFAP-mRNA expression in spinal cord of cobalamin-deficient rats. FASEB J ;16:1820-1822. junctions development, composition and regulation. Vasc Pharmacol 2002;38:323-337.
  • Buccellato FR, Mutti E, Sironi L, Scalabrino G. Cobalamin (vitamin B12)-deficiency- induced changes in the proteome of rat cerebrospinal fluid. Biochem J 2003;374:239- of the dementias: a role for B vitamines and homocysteine? ;29(Suppl2):S143-S172.
  • M. Methylation of DNA in megaloblastic anaemia. J Clin Pathol 1990;3:211-212. Bull
  • Perry J, Chanarin I, Deacon R, Lumb Swanson DA, Liu ML, Baker PJ, Garrett L, Stitzel M, Wu J, Harris M, Banerjee R, Shane B, Brody LC. Targeted disruption of the methionine synthase gene in mice. Mol Cell Biol 2001:21:1058-1065. spectrum megaloblastic ;36:3-18.
  • Flynn MA, Green R. Transcobalamin II G7775 polymorphism and indices of vitamin
  • B12 status in healthy older adults. Blood ;100:718-720. SN. The issues and unresolved of anemia. Semin Hematol Miller JW, Ramos MI, Garrod MG,

Vitamin B12 ve nörolojik hastalıklardaki etkisi

Year 2010, Volume: 1 Issue: 1, 23 - 29, 01.10.2010

Melike Doğan Serpil Demirci

Abstract

Özet
B12 vitamini insanlarda büyüme ve gelişme için hayati önemi olan suda çözünür bir vitamindir. Metilasyon reaksiyonları ve DNA sentezi için gereklidir. Vitamin B12 eksikliği bazı hastalıklarla nedensel olarak ilişkilidir, başka bazı hastalıklarda da bir risk faktörü olduğu bilinmektedir. Megaloblastik anemi ve nörolojik hastalıklar en yaygın olanlarıdır. Bu derleme vitamin B12'nin absorbsiyonu, temel fizyolojik işlevleri ve nörolojik hastalıkların patogenezindeki rolünü özetlenmiştir.
Anahtar kelimeler: Vitamin B12, kobalamin, nöropati, miyelin

Abstract
Vitamin B12 is a water-soluble vitamin essential for growth and development in humans. It is required for methylation reactions and DNA synthesis. Vitamin B12 deficiency has a causal relationship with a variety of disease and is also recognized as a risk factor for some others. Megaloblastic anemia and neurological disorders are the most prevalent disorders seen with vitamin B12 deficiency. In this review, vitamin B12's absorption, the main physiological functions and the role of it in pathogenesis of neurological disorders is summarized.

Key words: Vitamin B12, cobalamin, neuropathy, myelin

Keywords

Vitamin B12 kobalamin nöropati miyelin

References

  • Kumar SS, Chouhan RS, Thaku MS. Trends in analysis of vitamin B12. Analytical Biochem 2010;398:139-149.
  • Kayaalp O. Antianemik ilaçlar II: megaloblastik anemilere karşı kullanılan ilaçlar ve eritropoietin. Kayaalp O, Ed. Rasyonel Farmakoloji. 10. Baskı, Ankara: Hacettepe- Taş Kitapçılık; 2002:1517-1526. Yönünden Tıbbi
  • Banerjee R. B12 trafficking in mammals: a case for coenzyme escort service. ACS Chem Biol 2006;1:149-159.
  • Banerjee R, Gherasim C, Padovani D. The tinker, tailor, soldier in intracellular B12 trafficking. ;13:484-491. Opin Chem Biol Stover PJ. Vitamin B12 and older adults. Curr Opin Clin Nutric Metab Care ;13:24-27. Quadros EV. Advances in the understanding of cobalamin assimilation and metabolism. Br J Haematol 2009;148:195
  • Gailus S, Höhne W, Gasnier B, Nürnberg P, Fowler B, Rutsch F. Insights into lysosomal cobalamin trafficking: lessons learned from cblF disease. J Mol Med ;88:459-466. Suormala T, Kozich Berghauser M, Wraith JE, Burlina A, Sewell A et al. The CblD defect causes either isolated or combined deficiency of methylcobalamin and adenosylcobalamin synthesis. J Biol Chem 2004;279:42742-42749.
  • Thompson MD, Cole DE, Ray JG. Vitamin B-12 and neural tube defects: the Canadian experience. Am J Clin Nutr ;89:697-701. anemias. In: Braunwald E, Fauci AS, Kasper DL, Hauser SL, Longo DL, Jameson JL, editors. Harrison’s principles of internal medicine, 15th ed. New-York:McGraw-Hill; :674-680. Galboiz Y. Vitamin B12, demyelination, remyelination and repair in multiple sclerosis. J Neurol Sci 2005;233:93-97. status in confirmed Alzheimer’s disease as revealed by serum holotranscobalamin. J
  • Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2003;74:959
  • Fraction of total plasma vitamin B12 bound to transcobalamin correlates with cognitive function in elderly Latinos with depressive symptoms. Clin Chem 2008;54:1210-1217.
  • Refsum H, Sutton L, Ueland PM. Folate, vitamin B12, and serum total homocysteine levels in confirmed Alzheimer disease. Arch Neurol 1998;55:1449-1455.
  • IH, Selhub J. Folate and vitamin B-12 status in relation to anemia, macrocytosis, and cognitive impairment in older Americans in the age of folic acid fortification. Am J Clin Nutr 2007;85:193-200.
  • Christensen JE, Ostergaard K, Rasmussen K. Serum cobalamin and methylmalonic acid in Alzheimer dementia. Acta Neurol Scand ;87:475-481. MO, Gulmann NC, Reynolds EH, Bottiglieri T, Laundy M, Crellin RF, Kirker SG. Vitamin B12 metabolism in multiple sclerosis. Arch Neurol ;49:649-652. gene polymorphisms, and cardiovascular risk. J Appl Genet 2008;49:267-282.
  • Multipl skleroz hastalarında serum vitamin B12 ve folat düzeyleri. Türk Nöroloji Dergisi ;3-4:93-95. Droesch S, Barbea FM, Allen RH, Lambert DA, Nicolas JP. Inhibition of vitamin B12 metabolism by OH-cobalamin c-lactam in rat oligodendrocytes in culture: a model for studying neuropathy due to vitamin B12 deficiency. Neurosci Lett 2000;288:191-194. nervous system due to nutritional deficiency.
  • Adams and Victor’s principles of neurology, th ed. New York’ McGraw-Hill; 2001. p. –22.
  • Synthesis and secretion of transcobalamin II by cultured astrocytes derived from human brain tissues. J Neurol Sci 1994;122:57-60.
  • Pezacka EH, Jacobsen DW, Luce K, Green R. Glial cells as a model fort he role of cobalamin in the nervous system: impaired synthesis of cobalamin coenzymes in cultured human cobalamin deprivation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1992;184:832-839.
  • B12) in subacute combined degeneration and beyond: traditional interpretations and novel theories. Exp Neurol 2005;192:463-479. Scalabrino degeneration in totally gastrectomized rats: an ultrastructural study. J Submicrosc Cytol Pathol 1998;30:165-173. of vitamin B12 (cobalamin) neurotrophism in adult central nervous system: lessons learned from ;88:203-220.
  • Pravettoni G, Scalabrino G. Different uptake of cobalamin (vitamin B12) by astrocytes and oligodendrocytes isolated from rat spinal cord. Glia 2004;45:406-411. Effect neurotransmission and neurite outgrowth. Gen Pharmacol 1996;27:995-1000. short-term
  • Scalabrino G. Cobalamin (vitamin Tredici G, Buccellato FR, Cavaletti G, Subacute G. combined Scalabrino G. The multi-faceted basis deficiency. Prog Neurobiol Buccellato FR, Foi L, Veber D, Fujii A, Matsumoto H, Yamamoto H. B of vitamin complex on T. Protective effects of a vitamin B12 analog, methylcobalamin, cytotoxicity in cultured cortical neurons. Eur J Pharmacol 1993;241:1-6.
  • Tamura Y, Kaneda K, Akaike A. Protective effects of methylcobalamin, a vitamin B12 analog, neurotoxicity in retinal cell culture. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1997;38:848-854.
  • Kimura J. Ultra-high dose methylcobalamin promotes nerve regeneration in experimental acrylamide ;122:140-143. T, (methyl-B12) promotes regeneration of motor nerve terminals degenerating in anterior gracile muscle of gracile axonal dystrophy (GAD) ;170:195-197. signaling: theme and variations. Annu Rev Neurosci 2003;26:299-330. and akt mediate distinct aspects of sensory axon growth. Neuron 2002;35:65-76.
  • Christensen C, Li S, Pedersen MV, Ditlevsen DK, Kornum MK, Kiselyov VV, Berezin V, Bock E. An NCAM-derived FGFreceptor agonist, the FGL-peptide, induces neurite outgrowth and neuronal survival in primary rat neurons. J Neurochem 2004;91:920-935.
  • Okamato M, Kuroda Y, Moritomo H, Murase T, Yoshikawa H. Methylcobalamin increases Erk1/2 and Akt activities through the methylation cycle and promotes nerve regeneration in a rat sciatic injury model. Exp Neurol 2010;222:191-203. glutamate
  • Kikuchi M, Kashii S, Honda Y, against glutamate-induced Watanabe T, Kaji R, Oka N, Bara W, neuropathy. J Neurol Sci Yamazaki K, Oda K, Endo C, Kikuchi Wakabayashi T. Methylcobalamin mutant mouse. Neurosci Lett Segal RA. Selectivity in neurotrophin Markus A, Zhong J, Snider WD. Raf Neiiendam JL, Kohler LB, Okada K, Tanaka H, Temporin K, Magnaghi V, Veber D, Morabito A, Buccellato FR, Melcangi RC, Scalabrino G. Decreased GFAP-mRNA expression in spinal cord of cobalamin-deficient rats. FASEB J ;16:1820-1822. junctions development, composition and regulation. Vasc Pharmacol 2002;38:323-337.
  • Buccellato FR, Mutti E, Sironi L, Scalabrino G. Cobalamin (vitamin B12)-deficiency- induced changes in the proteome of rat cerebrospinal fluid. Biochem J 2003;374:239- of the dementias: a role for B vitamines and homocysteine? ;29(Suppl2):S143-S172.
  • M. Methylation of DNA in megaloblastic anaemia. J Clin Pathol 1990;3:211-212. Bull
  • Perry J, Chanarin I, Deacon R, Lumb Swanson DA, Liu ML, Baker PJ, Garrett L, Stitzel M, Wu J, Harris M, Banerjee R, Shane B, Brody LC. Targeted disruption of the methionine synthase gene in mice. Mol Cell Biol 2001:21:1058-1065. spectrum megaloblastic ;36:3-18.
  • Flynn MA, Green R. Transcobalamin II G7775 polymorphism and indices of vitamin
  • B12 status in healthy older adults. Blood ;100:718-720. SN. The issues and unresolved of anemia. Semin Hematol Miller JW, Ramos MI, Garrod MG,
There are 28 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Derlemeler
Authors

Melike Doğan This is me

Serpil Demirci

Publication Date October 1, 2010
Submission Date October 1, 2010
Published in Issue Year 2010 Volume: 1 Issue: 1

Cite

Vancouver Doğan M, Demirci S. Vitamin B12 and its effects on neurological disorders. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi. 2010;1(1):23-9.
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