Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite

Effects of Seasonal Variation on Upper Gastrointestinal System Bleeding in Emergency Department

Year 2019, Volume: 10 Issue: 1, 44 - 47, 21.03.2019
https://doi.org/10.22312/sdusbed.487104

Abstract

Objective: Multiple
factors are known to be associated with a high risk of morbidity and mortality
in Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding (UGB). In addition to these risk factors, it
has been suggested that seasonal variations can influence UGB. In this study,
it is investigated whether there is a relation between seasonal variation and
the incidence of UGB, Glasgow-Blatchford risk score and clinical and laboratory
parameters.

Methods: We
retrospectively reviewed the records of the patients who were diagnosed and
hospitalized with UGB. Age, gender, admission date, laboratory parameters, vital
signs and Glasgow-Blatchford risk score at admission, intensive care unit
admission, length of stay, erythrocyte suspension transfusion requirement and
outcome were all documented. Patients who were referred to another hospital
despite having diagnosed UGB, patients who were found to have been misdiagnosed
while follow-up and patients under 18 years old were excluded. The 12 months of
the year were divided into four seasons as winter, spring, summer and autumn.

Results: We included 271
patients, of whom 163 were males and 108 were females. While 205 patients were
followed in intensive care unit, 66 were followed in the ward. Erythrocyte
suspension transfusion had been applied to 187 patients and 35 patients had
died. High blood urea nitrogen, Glasgow-Blatchford risk score and heart rate, and low systolic and diastolic blood
pressure was found statistically associated with mortality. The number
of patients with UGB increases in spring with a raise especially in May and
bottoms out in autumn. There was no statistically significant difference at
clinical and laboratory findings between seasons.







Conclusion: We observed that UGB
incidence increases in spring and emergency physicians need to be more prepared
in that season. However, none of the clinical or laboratory variables has been
found statistically associated with seasonal factors.

References

  • Targownik LE, Nabalamba A. Trends in management and outcomes of acute nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding: 1993–2003. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2006; 4:1459–66.
  • Hearnshaw SA, Logan RF, Lowe D, Travis SP, Murphy MF, Palmer KR. Acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding in the UK: patient characteristics, diagnoses and outcomes in the 2007 UK audit. Gut 2011; 60:1327–35.
  • Nable JV, Graham AC. Gastrointestinal Bleeding. Emerg Med Clin North Am. 2016; 34:309–25.
  • Xirasagar S, Lin HC, Chen CS. Role of meteorological factors in duodenal ulcer seasonality: a nation-wide, population-based study. J Gen Intern Med 2007; 22:1439–46.
  • Lenzen H, Musmann E, Kottas M, Schönemeier B, Köhnlein T, Manns MP, Et al. Acute gastrointestinal bleeding cases presenting to the emergency department are associated with age, sex and seasonal and circadian factors. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2017; 29(1): 78-83.
  • Sezgin O, Altintaş E, Tombak A. Effects of seasonal variations on acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding and its etiology. Turk J Gastroenterol 2007; 18:172–76.
  • Du T, Lewin MR, Wang H, Ji X, Bohn HH, Xu T, et al. Circadian and seasonal rhythms of acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding in Beijing Emergency Medicine Journal 2010;27:504-7.
  • Bryant RV, Kuo P, Williamson K, Yam C, Schoeman MN, Holloway HR, et al. Performance of the Glasgow-Blatchford score in predicting clinical outcomes and intervention in hospitalized patients with upper GI bleeding. Gastrointest Endosc 2013; 78: 576-83.
  • Yuan XG, Xie C, Chen J, Xie Y, Zhang KH, Lu NH. Seasonal changes in gastric mucosal factors associated with peptic ulcer bleeding. Exp Ther Med 2015; 9:125–30.
  • Chalasani N, Clark WS, Wilcox CM. Blood urea nitrogen to creatinine concentration in gastrointestinal bleeding: a reappraisal. Am J Gastroenterol 1997; 92(10): 1796-9.
  • Urashima M, Toyoda S, Nakano T, Matsuda S, Kobayashi N, Kitajima H, et al. BUN/Cr ratio as an index of gastrointestinal bleeding mass in children. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 1992; 15(1): 89-92.

Effects of Seasonal Variation on Upper Gastrointestinal System Bleeding in Emergency Department

Year 2019, Volume: 10 Issue: 1, 44 - 47, 21.03.2019
https://doi.org/10.22312/sdusbed.487104

Abstract

Amaç: Birçok klinik
değişken üst gastrointestinal sistem (GİS) kanamasında yüksek morbidite ve
mortalite ile ilişkilendirilmiştir. Bu risk faktörlerine ek olarak, mevsimsel
değişikliklerin üst GİS kanamasını etkileyebileceği öne sürülmektedir. Bu
çalışma ile mevsimsel değişiklikler ile üst GİS kanamasının insidansı,
Glasgow-Blactford risk skoru ve bazı klinik ve laboratuar değişkenler
arasındaki ilişki araştırılmıştır.



Gereç ve Yöntem: Üst GİS kanama
tanısıyla hastaneye yatırılan hastaların dosyaları tarandı. Yaş, cinsiyet,
başvuru tarihi, başvurudaki laboratuar sonuçları, vital bulguları,
Glasgow-Blacford skoru, yoğun bakım ihtiyacı, yatış süresi, eritrosit
süspansiyonu ihtiyacı ve hasta sonlanımı kayıt edildi. Başka merkeze sevk
edilen hastalar, yatışı süresinde üst GİS kanama tanısı dışlanan hastalar ve 18
yaş altı hastalar çalışma dışı bırakıldı. Bir yıllık süre kış, ilkbahar, yaz ve
sonbahar olmak üzere 4 mevsime ayrıldı.



Bulgular: Çalışmamıza
163 erkek, 108 kadın olmak üzere toplam 271 hasta çalışmaya dahil edildi. Yoğun
bakıma yatan hasta sayısı 205, servise alınan hasta sayısı 66 idi. 187 hastaya
eritrosit süspansiyonu uygulandığı, 35 hastanın ise öldüğü tespit edildi. Kan
üre azotu, Glasgow-Blacford skoru, kalp hızı yüksekliği ile düşük sistolik ve
diastolik kan basıncı değereleri yüksek mortalite ile ilişkili saptandı. Üst
GİS kanamalı hasta sayısının özellikle mayıs ayında olmak üzere ilkbaharda arttığı,
sonbaharda azaldığı saptandı. Mevsimler arasında klinik ve laboratuar bulgular
açısından istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir farklılık saptanmadı.



Sonuç: Üst GİS kanamalı hasta sayısının ilkbahar
aylarında arttığı görülmektedir. Acil servis hekimleri bu aylarda üst GİS
kanama açısından daha dikkatli olmalıdırlar. Ayrıca mevsimler arasında hiçbir
klinik ve laboratuar bulgusu açısından anlamlı farklılık olmadığı
görülmektedir.

References

  • Targownik LE, Nabalamba A. Trends in management and outcomes of acute nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding: 1993–2003. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2006; 4:1459–66.
  • Hearnshaw SA, Logan RF, Lowe D, Travis SP, Murphy MF, Palmer KR. Acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding in the UK: patient characteristics, diagnoses and outcomes in the 2007 UK audit. Gut 2011; 60:1327–35.
  • Nable JV, Graham AC. Gastrointestinal Bleeding. Emerg Med Clin North Am. 2016; 34:309–25.
  • Xirasagar S, Lin HC, Chen CS. Role of meteorological factors in duodenal ulcer seasonality: a nation-wide, population-based study. J Gen Intern Med 2007; 22:1439–46.
  • Lenzen H, Musmann E, Kottas M, Schönemeier B, Köhnlein T, Manns MP, Et al. Acute gastrointestinal bleeding cases presenting to the emergency department are associated with age, sex and seasonal and circadian factors. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2017; 29(1): 78-83.
  • Sezgin O, Altintaş E, Tombak A. Effects of seasonal variations on acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding and its etiology. Turk J Gastroenterol 2007; 18:172–76.
  • Du T, Lewin MR, Wang H, Ji X, Bohn HH, Xu T, et al. Circadian and seasonal rhythms of acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding in Beijing Emergency Medicine Journal 2010;27:504-7.
  • Bryant RV, Kuo P, Williamson K, Yam C, Schoeman MN, Holloway HR, et al. Performance of the Glasgow-Blatchford score in predicting clinical outcomes and intervention in hospitalized patients with upper GI bleeding. Gastrointest Endosc 2013; 78: 576-83.
  • Yuan XG, Xie C, Chen J, Xie Y, Zhang KH, Lu NH. Seasonal changes in gastric mucosal factors associated with peptic ulcer bleeding. Exp Ther Med 2015; 9:125–30.
  • Chalasani N, Clark WS, Wilcox CM. Blood urea nitrogen to creatinine concentration in gastrointestinal bleeding: a reappraisal. Am J Gastroenterol 1997; 92(10): 1796-9.
  • Urashima M, Toyoda S, Nakano T, Matsuda S, Kobayashi N, Kitajima H, et al. BUN/Cr ratio as an index of gastrointestinal bleeding mass in children. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 1992; 15(1): 89-92.
There are 11 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Health Care Administration
Journal Section Original Article
Authors

Kıvanç Karaman 0000-0002-4105-2785

Furkan Çağrı Oğuzlar 0000-0002-9214-3994

Ahmet Yunus Hatip This is me 0000-0002-7595-2175

Göker Coşkun This is me 0000-0002-6800-7511

Hamit Hakan Armağan

Alten Oskay 0000-0003-4373-6280

Publication Date March 21, 2019
Submission Date November 23, 2018
Published in Issue Year 2019 Volume: 10 Issue: 1

Cite

Vancouver Karaman K, Oğuzlar FÇ, Hatip AY, Coşkun G, Armağan HH, Oskay A. Effects of Seasonal Variation on Upper Gastrointestinal System Bleeding in Emergency Department. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi. 2019;10(1):44-7.

SDÜ Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, makalenin gönderilmesi ve yayınlanması dahil olmak üzere hiçbir aşamada herhangi bir ücret talep etmemektedir. Dergimiz, bilimsel araştırmaları okuyucuya ücretsiz sunmanın bilginin küresel paylaşımını artıracağı ilkesini benimseyerek, içeriğine anında açık erişim sağlamaktadır.