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Covid-19 Pandemisinde Diş Hekimliği

Year 2020, Volume: 11 Issue: 3, 376 - 382, 21.09.2020

Abstract

Aralık 2019’un sonlarından beri yeni bir tür korona virüsten kaynaklanan Covid-19 salgını tüm dünyaya yayılarak pandemi halini almıştır. Dünyada ve Türkiye’de salgın hala etkisini göstermeye devam etmektedir. Asıl olarak damlacık yoluyla bulaşmakta olan virüs, hastalıklı bireylerin ortama saçtıkları damlacıklara temas ve ellerin oral, nazal veya oküler mukozalardan herhangi birine teması neticesinde bireyleri enfekte edebilmektedir. Başladığı günden bu yana pek çok sağlık çalışanının da enfekte olmasına sebep olan bu virüs, tedavi esnasında hastalarla yakın temasta olan ve çok fazla aerosol üretimi ile ortama saçılan tükürük ve kana da maruz kalan diş hekimleri, dental asistanlar ve diş teknisyenleri için de büyük bir tehdit oluşturmaktadır. Gerekli enfeksiyon kontrol önlemleri alınmadığı takdirde diş hekimliği klinikleri de Covid-19 için bir yayılım alanı haline gelebilir. Bu nedenle Dünya Sağlık Örgütü (DSÖ), tıp ve diş hekimliği alanlarında çeşitli meslek birlikleri ve Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Sağlık Bakanlığı pandemi döneminde diş hekimliği uygulamalarına yönelik bir dizi önlem ve algoritma yayınlamışlardır. Bu derlemenin amacı da Covid-19’a yönelik literatür bilgilerini gözden geçirerek, pandemi döneminde diş hekimliği uygulamaları ile ilgili oluşabilecek tehlikeler ve bu tehlikelerin önüne geçmek için alınması gerekli tedbirleri, DSÖ, Sağlık Bakanlığı ve Bilim Örgütleri tarafından yayınlanmış olan rehberler ışığında sunmaktır. Diş hekimlerinin de bu güncellenen algoritmaları takip ederek ve kişisel koruyucu ekipman kullanıma dikkat ederek hastalarına bakmaları gerekmektedir. Diş hekimlerinin diğer bulaşıcı hastalıklar da olduğu gibi Covid-19 pandemisi döneminde gelen bütün hastaları enfekte kabul ederek gerekli önlemler altında tedavilerine devam etmelidir. Ayrıca daha önce Covid-19 tanısı alıp iyileşmiş hastalarda bulaşıcılığın ne kadar süre devam ettiği hala bilinmediğinden dikkatli davranılması gerekmektedir.

References

  • Türkiye Bilimler Akademisi Yayınları, TÜBA Raporları, Covid-19 Pandemi Değerlendirme raporu [Internet]. No: 34 ISBN: 978-605-2249-43-7. Available from: http://www.tuba.gov.tr/files/yayinlar/raporlar/Covid-19%20Raporu-revize.pdf.
  • World Health Organization [Internet]. Global research on coronavirus disease (COVID-19). [cited 2020 April 10]. Available from: https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019?gclid=CjwKCAjwxqX4BRBhEiwAYtJX7WnnjOEOY-n6rPHW2iNUsmswueudihMKwG-mp_SPDP-JUCfx-udWoBoCl1MQAvD_BwE.
  • Hatipoğlu N. The “new” problem of humanity: New coronavirus (2019-nCoV / COVID-19) disease. Med J Bakirkoy 2020;16(1):1-8.
  • Knapp A. “The Secret History of the First Coronavirus,” Forbes, E.T.: 13 Nisan 2020, https://www.forbes.com/sites/alexknapp/2020/04/11/the-secret-history-of-the-first-coronavirus-229e.
  • Chen Y, Liu Q, Guo D. Emerging coronaviruses: Genome structure, replication, and pathogenesis. J Med Virol. 2020 Apr;92(4):418-423.
  • Perlman S, Netland J. Coronaviruses post-SARS: update on replication and pathogenesis. Nature Reviews Microbiology 2009; 7 (6): 439-450. Andersen KG, Rambaut A, Lipkin WI, Holmes EC, Garry RF. The proximal origin of SARS-CoV-2. Nat Med 2020 Mar 17; 1-3.
  • Xu H, Zhong L, Deng J, Peng J, Dan H, Zeng X, et al. High expression of ACE2 receptor of 2019-nCoV on the epithelial cells of oral mucosa. Int J Oral Sci. 2020;12(1):1-5.
  • Wu JT, Leung K, Leung GM. Nowcasting and forecasting the potential domes- tic and international spread of the 2019-nCoV outbreak originating in Wuhan, China: A modelling study. Lancet 2020; 395: 689-697.
  • Rothe C, Schunk M, Sothmann P, et al. Transmission of 2019-nCoV infection from an asymptomatic contact in Germany. N Engl J Med. 2020; 382(10): 970-1.
  • Backer JA, Klinkenberg D, Wallinga J. Incubation period of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019- nCoV) infections among travellers from Wuhan, China, 20-28 January 2020. Euro Surveill. 2020;25:2000062.
  • Wu Z, McGoogan JM. Characteristics of and important lessons from the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in China summary of a report of 72 314 cases from the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention. JAMA 2020; (13) 323: 1239-1242.
  • Kucharski AJ, Russell TW, Diamond C, et al. Early dynamics of transmission and control of COVID-19: a mathematical modelling study. The Lancet Infectious Diseases. March 11, 2020; 20: 553–58.
  • Zheng S, Fan J, Yu F, et al. Viral load dynamics and disease severity in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 in Zhejiang province, China, January-March 2020: 369.
  • Wölfel R, Corman VM, Guggemos W, et al. Virological assessment of hospitalized patients with COVID-2019. Nature 2020. 581 (7809): 465-469.
  • Liu Y, Yan LM, Wan L, et al. Viral dynamics in mild and severe cases of COVID-19. Lancet Infect Dis. 2020; 20 (6): 656-657.
  • Xu K, Chen Y, Yuan J, et al. Factors associated with prolonged viral RNA shedding in patients with COVID-19. Clin Infect Dis. 2020 Apr 9. pii: ciaa351.
  • Zhou F, Yu T, Du R, et al. Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study. Lancet 2020; 395(10229):1054-1062.
  • Liang W, Feng Z, Rao S, et al. Diarrhoea may be underestimated: a missing link in 2019 novel coronavirus. Gut 2020; gutjnl-2020-320832.
  • Danzi GB, Loffi M, Galeazzi G, Gherbesi E. Acute pulmonary embolism and COVID-19 pneumonia: a random association? European Heart Journal 14 Mayıs 2020; 41 (19): 1858.
  • Mao L, Jin H, Wang M, et al. Neurologic Manifestations of Hospitalized 365 Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Wuhan, China.10 Nisan 2020; 77 (6): 1-9.
  • Giacomelli A, Pezzati L, Conti F, et al. Self-reported olfactory and taste disorders in SARS368 CoV-2 patients: a cross-sectional study. 26 Mart 2020; ciaa330.
  • Cevik M, Bamford C, Ho A, COVID-19 pandemic – A focused review for clinicians. Clinical Microbiology and Infection. 2020; 26(7):842-847.
  • Wang D, Hu B, Hu C, et al. Clinical Characteristics of 138 Hospitalized Patients With 2019 Novel Coronavirus-Infected Pneumonia n Wuhan, China. 2020; 323(11): 1061-1069.
  • Zheng Y-Y, Ma Y-T, Zhang J-Y, Xie X. COVID-19 and the cardiovascular system. Nature Reviews Cardiology 2020; 17(5): 259-260.
  • Chan JF, Yuan S, Kok KH, et al. A familial cluster of pneumonia associated with the 2019 novel coronavirus indicating person-to-person transmission: a study of a family cluster. 2020; 395(10223): 514–523.
  • Sabino-Silva R, Jardim ACG, Siqueira WL (2020) Coronavirus COVID-19 impacts to dentistry and potential salivary diagnosis. 2020; 24:1619–1621.
  • Aİ T, Yang Z, Hou H, et al. Correlat_on of Chest CT and RT-PCR Testing in Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China: A Report of 1014 Cases. Radiology. 2020:200642.
  • Li Q, Guan X, Wu P, Wang X, Zhou L, Tong Y, et al. Early Transmission Dynamics in Wuhan, China, of Novel Coronavirus-Infected Pneumonia. 2020; 382: 1199-1207. Kai-Wang To K, Tak-Yin Tsang O, Chik-Yan Yip C, Consistent Detection of 2019 Novel Coronavirus in Saliva, Clinical Infectious Diseases. 2020; ciaa149, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaa149 .
  • Soysal F, İşler SÇ, Peker İ, Akca G, Özmeriç N, Ünsal B. [The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on dentistry practices]. 2020; 33(1): 5-14.
  • Barnes JB, Harrel SK, Rivera-Hidalgo F. Blood contamination of the aerosols produced by in vivo use of ultrasonic scalers. 1998; 69(4): 434-8.
  • Akıncıbay H. Diş hekimliğinde solunum yolu ile bulaşan infeksiyonlar. Hastane İnfeksiyonları Dergisi. 2007; 11(2): 116-20.
  • Harrel SK, Barnes JB, Rivera-Hidalgo F. Aerosol and splatter contamination from the operative site during ultrasonic scaling. 01 Mayıs 1999;70 (5): 473-477.
  • Al-Sehaibany FS. Middle East respiratory syndrome in children. Dental considerations. 2017; 38(4): 339-43.
  • Bali RK, Chaudhry K. Maksillofasiyal Cerrahi ve Covid-19, Pandemi! 11 Nisan 2020; 19 (2): 159-161.
  • Meng L, Hua F, Bian Z. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Emerging and Future Challenges for Dental and Oral Medicine. 2020; 99 (5): 481-487.
  • Halk Sağlığı Genel Müdürlüğü. COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2 Enfeksiyonu) Rehberi. Bilim Kurulu Çalışması [İnternet]. Ankara: Sağlık Bakanlığı [erişim 26 HAZİRAN 2020]. https://covid19bilgi.saglik.gov. tr/depo/rehberler/COVID-19_Rehberi.pdf.
  • Larato DC, Ruskin PF, Martin A, Delanko R. Effect of a dental air turbine drill on the bacterial counts in air. 1966; 16(4): 758-765.
  • Van Doremalen VN, Bushmaker T, Morris DH, et al. Aerosol and surface stability of SARS-CoV-2 as compared with SARS-CoV-1. 2020; 382 (16): 1564-1567.
  • Peng X, Xu X, Li Y, Cheng L, Zhou X, Ren B. Transmission routes of 2019-nCoV and controls in dental practice. 2020; 12(1): 9.
  • Kirk-Bayley J, Challacombe S, Sunkaraneni V, Combes J. The use of povidone iodine nasal spray and mouthwash during the current COVID-19 pandemic may protect healthcare workers and reduce cross infection.(Internet) 2020; https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3563092.
  • Samaranayake LP, Peiris M. Severe acute respiratory syndrome and dentistry: A retrospective view. 2004; 135(9): 1292-302.
  • Public Health England. Guidance [İnternet]. Reducing the risk of transmission of COVID-19 in the hospital setting Updated 7 April 2020. London, UK: PHE; 2020.
  • Hongliu C, Yu C, Zuobing C, Qiang F, Wei Ii H, et al. LIANG tT(Internet). “Handbook of COVID-19 Prevention and Treatment”, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 2020. file:///C:/Users/simge/Downloads/HandbookofCOVID-19PreventionandTreatment.pdf.
  • Passarelli PC, Passarelli G, Charitos IA, Rella E, Santacroce L, D’Addona A. COVID-19 and Oral Diseases: How can we Manage Hospitalized and Quarantined Patients while Reducing Risks? 2020;17(6):em238.
  • Bollero P, Passarelli PC, D’Addona A, Pasquantonio G, Mancini M, Condò R. Oral management of adult patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. 2018;22:876-87.
  • Koeman M, van der Ven AJAM, Hak E, Joore HCA, Kaasjager K, de Smet AGA, Ramsay G, et al. Oral decontamination with chlorhexidine reduces the incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2006;173:1348-55.
  • Blot S, Vandijck D, Labeau S. Oral Care of Intubated Patients. 2008;15:153-60.
Year 2020, Volume: 11 Issue: 3, 376 - 382, 21.09.2020

Abstract

References

  • Türkiye Bilimler Akademisi Yayınları, TÜBA Raporları, Covid-19 Pandemi Değerlendirme raporu [Internet]. No: 34 ISBN: 978-605-2249-43-7. Available from: http://www.tuba.gov.tr/files/yayinlar/raporlar/Covid-19%20Raporu-revize.pdf.
  • World Health Organization [Internet]. Global research on coronavirus disease (COVID-19). [cited 2020 April 10]. Available from: https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019?gclid=CjwKCAjwxqX4BRBhEiwAYtJX7WnnjOEOY-n6rPHW2iNUsmswueudihMKwG-mp_SPDP-JUCfx-udWoBoCl1MQAvD_BwE.
  • Hatipoğlu N. The “new” problem of humanity: New coronavirus (2019-nCoV / COVID-19) disease. Med J Bakirkoy 2020;16(1):1-8.
  • Knapp A. “The Secret History of the First Coronavirus,” Forbes, E.T.: 13 Nisan 2020, https://www.forbes.com/sites/alexknapp/2020/04/11/the-secret-history-of-the-first-coronavirus-229e.
  • Chen Y, Liu Q, Guo D. Emerging coronaviruses: Genome structure, replication, and pathogenesis. J Med Virol. 2020 Apr;92(4):418-423.
  • Perlman S, Netland J. Coronaviruses post-SARS: update on replication and pathogenesis. Nature Reviews Microbiology 2009; 7 (6): 439-450. Andersen KG, Rambaut A, Lipkin WI, Holmes EC, Garry RF. The proximal origin of SARS-CoV-2. Nat Med 2020 Mar 17; 1-3.
  • Xu H, Zhong L, Deng J, Peng J, Dan H, Zeng X, et al. High expression of ACE2 receptor of 2019-nCoV on the epithelial cells of oral mucosa. Int J Oral Sci. 2020;12(1):1-5.
  • Wu JT, Leung K, Leung GM. Nowcasting and forecasting the potential domes- tic and international spread of the 2019-nCoV outbreak originating in Wuhan, China: A modelling study. Lancet 2020; 395: 689-697.
  • Rothe C, Schunk M, Sothmann P, et al. Transmission of 2019-nCoV infection from an asymptomatic contact in Germany. N Engl J Med. 2020; 382(10): 970-1.
  • Backer JA, Klinkenberg D, Wallinga J. Incubation period of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019- nCoV) infections among travellers from Wuhan, China, 20-28 January 2020. Euro Surveill. 2020;25:2000062.
  • Wu Z, McGoogan JM. Characteristics of and important lessons from the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in China summary of a report of 72 314 cases from the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention. JAMA 2020; (13) 323: 1239-1242.
  • Kucharski AJ, Russell TW, Diamond C, et al. Early dynamics of transmission and control of COVID-19: a mathematical modelling study. The Lancet Infectious Diseases. March 11, 2020; 20: 553–58.
  • Zheng S, Fan J, Yu F, et al. Viral load dynamics and disease severity in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 in Zhejiang province, China, January-March 2020: 369.
  • Wölfel R, Corman VM, Guggemos W, et al. Virological assessment of hospitalized patients with COVID-2019. Nature 2020. 581 (7809): 465-469.
  • Liu Y, Yan LM, Wan L, et al. Viral dynamics in mild and severe cases of COVID-19. Lancet Infect Dis. 2020; 20 (6): 656-657.
  • Xu K, Chen Y, Yuan J, et al. Factors associated with prolonged viral RNA shedding in patients with COVID-19. Clin Infect Dis. 2020 Apr 9. pii: ciaa351.
  • Zhou F, Yu T, Du R, et al. Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study. Lancet 2020; 395(10229):1054-1062.
  • Liang W, Feng Z, Rao S, et al. Diarrhoea may be underestimated: a missing link in 2019 novel coronavirus. Gut 2020; gutjnl-2020-320832.
  • Danzi GB, Loffi M, Galeazzi G, Gherbesi E. Acute pulmonary embolism and COVID-19 pneumonia: a random association? European Heart Journal 14 Mayıs 2020; 41 (19): 1858.
  • Mao L, Jin H, Wang M, et al. Neurologic Manifestations of Hospitalized 365 Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Wuhan, China.10 Nisan 2020; 77 (6): 1-9.
  • Giacomelli A, Pezzati L, Conti F, et al. Self-reported olfactory and taste disorders in SARS368 CoV-2 patients: a cross-sectional study. 26 Mart 2020; ciaa330.
  • Cevik M, Bamford C, Ho A, COVID-19 pandemic – A focused review for clinicians. Clinical Microbiology and Infection. 2020; 26(7):842-847.
  • Wang D, Hu B, Hu C, et al. Clinical Characteristics of 138 Hospitalized Patients With 2019 Novel Coronavirus-Infected Pneumonia n Wuhan, China. 2020; 323(11): 1061-1069.
  • Zheng Y-Y, Ma Y-T, Zhang J-Y, Xie X. COVID-19 and the cardiovascular system. Nature Reviews Cardiology 2020; 17(5): 259-260.
  • Chan JF, Yuan S, Kok KH, et al. A familial cluster of pneumonia associated with the 2019 novel coronavirus indicating person-to-person transmission: a study of a family cluster. 2020; 395(10223): 514–523.
  • Sabino-Silva R, Jardim ACG, Siqueira WL (2020) Coronavirus COVID-19 impacts to dentistry and potential salivary diagnosis. 2020; 24:1619–1621.
  • Aİ T, Yang Z, Hou H, et al. Correlat_on of Chest CT and RT-PCR Testing in Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China: A Report of 1014 Cases. Radiology. 2020:200642.
  • Li Q, Guan X, Wu P, Wang X, Zhou L, Tong Y, et al. Early Transmission Dynamics in Wuhan, China, of Novel Coronavirus-Infected Pneumonia. 2020; 382: 1199-1207. Kai-Wang To K, Tak-Yin Tsang O, Chik-Yan Yip C, Consistent Detection of 2019 Novel Coronavirus in Saliva, Clinical Infectious Diseases. 2020; ciaa149, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaa149 .
  • Soysal F, İşler SÇ, Peker İ, Akca G, Özmeriç N, Ünsal B. [The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on dentistry practices]. 2020; 33(1): 5-14.
  • Barnes JB, Harrel SK, Rivera-Hidalgo F. Blood contamination of the aerosols produced by in vivo use of ultrasonic scalers. 1998; 69(4): 434-8.
  • Akıncıbay H. Diş hekimliğinde solunum yolu ile bulaşan infeksiyonlar. Hastane İnfeksiyonları Dergisi. 2007; 11(2): 116-20.
  • Harrel SK, Barnes JB, Rivera-Hidalgo F. Aerosol and splatter contamination from the operative site during ultrasonic scaling. 01 Mayıs 1999;70 (5): 473-477.
  • Al-Sehaibany FS. Middle East respiratory syndrome in children. Dental considerations. 2017; 38(4): 339-43.
  • Bali RK, Chaudhry K. Maksillofasiyal Cerrahi ve Covid-19, Pandemi! 11 Nisan 2020; 19 (2): 159-161.
  • Meng L, Hua F, Bian Z. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Emerging and Future Challenges for Dental and Oral Medicine. 2020; 99 (5): 481-487.
  • Halk Sağlığı Genel Müdürlüğü. COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2 Enfeksiyonu) Rehberi. Bilim Kurulu Çalışması [İnternet]. Ankara: Sağlık Bakanlığı [erişim 26 HAZİRAN 2020]. https://covid19bilgi.saglik.gov. tr/depo/rehberler/COVID-19_Rehberi.pdf.
  • Larato DC, Ruskin PF, Martin A, Delanko R. Effect of a dental air turbine drill on the bacterial counts in air. 1966; 16(4): 758-765.
  • Van Doremalen VN, Bushmaker T, Morris DH, et al. Aerosol and surface stability of SARS-CoV-2 as compared with SARS-CoV-1. 2020; 382 (16): 1564-1567.
  • Peng X, Xu X, Li Y, Cheng L, Zhou X, Ren B. Transmission routes of 2019-nCoV and controls in dental practice. 2020; 12(1): 9.
  • Kirk-Bayley J, Challacombe S, Sunkaraneni V, Combes J. The use of povidone iodine nasal spray and mouthwash during the current COVID-19 pandemic may protect healthcare workers and reduce cross infection.(Internet) 2020; https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3563092.
  • Samaranayake LP, Peiris M. Severe acute respiratory syndrome and dentistry: A retrospective view. 2004; 135(9): 1292-302.
  • Public Health England. Guidance [İnternet]. Reducing the risk of transmission of COVID-19 in the hospital setting Updated 7 April 2020. London, UK: PHE; 2020.
  • Hongliu C, Yu C, Zuobing C, Qiang F, Wei Ii H, et al. LIANG tT(Internet). “Handbook of COVID-19 Prevention and Treatment”, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 2020. file:///C:/Users/simge/Downloads/HandbookofCOVID-19PreventionandTreatment.pdf.
  • Passarelli PC, Passarelli G, Charitos IA, Rella E, Santacroce L, D’Addona A. COVID-19 and Oral Diseases: How can we Manage Hospitalized and Quarantined Patients while Reducing Risks? 2020;17(6):em238.
  • Bollero P, Passarelli PC, D’Addona A, Pasquantonio G, Mancini M, Condò R. Oral management of adult patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. 2018;22:876-87.
  • Koeman M, van der Ven AJAM, Hak E, Joore HCA, Kaasjager K, de Smet AGA, Ramsay G, et al. Oral decontamination with chlorhexidine reduces the incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2006;173:1348-55.
  • Blot S, Vandijck D, Labeau S. Oral Care of Intubated Patients. 2008;15:153-60.
There are 47 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Health Care Administration
Journal Section Derlemeler
Authors

Simge Kaplan Yatğın 0000-0002-9283-2992

Mine Öztürk Tonguç 0000-0003-0586-0459

Publication Date September 21, 2020
Submission Date September 7, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 11 Issue: 3

Cite

Vancouver Kaplan Yatğın S, Öztürk Tonguç M. Covid-19 Pandemisinde Diş Hekimliği. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi. 2020;11(3):376-82.

SDÜ Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, makalenin gönderilmesi ve yayınlanması dahil olmak üzere hiçbir aşamada herhangi bir ücret talep etmemektedir. Dergimiz, bilimsel araştırmaları okuyucuya ücretsiz sunmanın bilginin küresel paylaşımını artıracağı ilkesini benimseyerek, içeriğine anında açık erişim sağlamaktadır.