Examination of the Correlation Between Foot Biomechanics, Plantar Pressure and Balance in Adolescent Volleyball Players

Year 2022, Volume: 13 Issue: 1, 60 - 69, 11.04.2022

Ertuğrul Demirdel Adil Aksu

https://doi.org/10.22312/sdusbed.943929

Abstract

Objective: To investigate the relationship between foot biomechanics and pedobarographic evaluation with balance in adolescent male volleyball players.

Method: Total of 36 male athletes of adolescent age (average 16.16±1.52 years) who played volleyball in the youth team of the Halkbank Sports Club were included in the study. Demographic information and physical characteristics (age, height, weight and sports age) of the athletes were recorded. The foot biomechanical evaluation of the athletes was recorded with the navicular drop test, metatarsal width, subtalar joint angle and hallux valgus angle. Balance values were recorded using the Biodex Balance Stability System (Biodex Medical Systems, Shirley, NY, USA). Anterior / Posterior Balance Index, Total Balance Index and Medial / Lateral Balance Index values were recorded. In the evaluation of plantar pressure errors and surface contact errors during walking were recorded using freemed® (Sensor Medica Inc., Rome, Italy) pedobarographic device. The data were evaluated using the SPSS 22.0 package program. The relationship between independent variables with each other was analyzed by Spearman Correlation Analysis. The statistical significance level was accepted as p <0.05.

Results: As a result of our study, it was found that there was no relationship between foot biomechanical values and balance (p>0.05). When the relationship between the athletes' plantar pressure distribution values and their balance measures was investigated, it was discovered that some pressure distribution values and balance values were related. (p<0.05).

Conclusions: According to the results obtained from the study, it was seen that the plantar pressure was related with balance. We think that it is important to perform foot plantar pressure distribution analysis in terms of both improving the balance performance of athletes and preventing foot injuries. We believe that the training programs to be organized with the applications for the changes in the plantar pressure distribution can be more effective for the athletes.

Keywords

Foot Biomechanics, Adolescent, Postural Control, Volleyball

Adölesan Voleybol Oyuncularında Ayak Biyomekaniği ve Plantar Basınç ile Denge Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi

Abstract

Amaç: Erkek adölesan voleybol oyuncularında ayak biyomekaniği ve plantar basınç dağılımı ile denge arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesidir.

Materyal-Metod: Çalışmamıza Halkbank Spor Kulübü alt yapılarında voleybol oynayan, adölesan yaşta (ortalama 16,16±1,52 yıl) olan 36 erkek sporcu dahil edildi. Sporcuların demografik bilgileri ve fiziksel özellikleri (yaş, boy, kilo ve spor yaşı) kaydedildi. Sporcuların ayak biyomekaniği değerlendirmesinde navikular düşme miktarı, metatars genişliği, subtalar eklem açısı ve halluks valgus açısı kaydedildi. Denge değerlendirmesinde Biodex Denge Stabilite Sistemi (Biodex Medical Systems, Shirley, NY, USA) kullanıldı. Anterior/Posterior Denge indeksi, Toplam Denge indeksi ve Medial/Lateral Denge indeksi değerleri kaydedildi. Plantar basınç dağılımı değerlendirmesinde, yürüyüş sırasında gerçekleştirilen ağırlık dağılım hataları ve yüzeysel dağılım hataları freemed® (Sensor Medica Inc., Rome, Italy) pedobarografi cihazı kullanılarak kaydedildi. Veriler SPSS 22.0 paket programı ile bağımsız değişkenlerin birbiri ile ilişkisi Spearman Korelasyon Analizi ile değerlendirildi. İstatistiksel anlamlılık düzeyi p<0,05 kabul edildi.

Bulgular: Çalışmamız sonucunda ayak biyomekanik değerleri ile denge arasında ilişki olmadığı tespit edildi (p>0,05). Sporcuların plantar basınç dağılımı değerleriyle denge ölçümleri arasındaki ilişki incelendiğinde, bazı basınç dağılım değerleriyle denge değerleri arasında ilişki olduğu belirlendi (p<0,05).

Sonuç: Çalışmadan elde edilen sonuçlara göre plantar basınç dağılımının denge ile ilişkili olduğu görüldü. Sporcuların gerek denge performanslarının geliştirilmesi gerekse de ayak yaralanmaların önlenmesi açısından ayak plantar basınç dağılımı analizlerinin yapılmasının önemli olduğunu düşünmekteyiz. Ayakta meydana gelebilecek plantar basınç dağılım değişikliklerine neden olabilecek faktörlerin belirlenmesi ve bunlara yönelik uygulamalar ile düzenlenecek antrenman programlarının, sporcular açısından daha etkili olabileceği kanaatindeyiz.

Keywords

Ayak Biyomekaniği, Adölesan, Postüral Kontrol, Voleybol

References

• [1] Turnagöl H.H. Voleybolda Enerji Sistemleri. Voleybol Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi. 1994; 2:34-7.
• [2] Fong CM, Blackburn JT, Norcross MF, McGrath M, Padua DA. Ankle-dorsiflexion range of motion and landing biomechanics. Journal of athletic training. 2011;46(1):5-10.
• [3] Kilic O, Maas M, Verhagen E, Zwerver J, Gouttebarge V. Incidence, aetiology and prevention of musculoskeletal injuries in volleyball: A systematic review of the literature. European journal of sport science. 2017;17(6):765-93.
• [4] Bahr R, Lian Ø, Bahr IA. A twofold reduction in the incidence of acute ankle sprains in volleyball after the introduction of an injury prevention program: a prospective cohort study. Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports. 1997;7(3):172-7.
• [5] Moore BD, Drouin J, Gansneder BM, Shultz SJ. The differential effects of fatigue on reflex response timing and amplitude in males and females. Journal of electromyography and kinesiology. 2002;12(5):351-60.
• [6] Fong DT, Chan YY, Mok KM, Yung PS, Chan KM. Understanding acute ankle ligamentous sprain injury in sports. BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation. 2009;1(1):1-4.
• [7] Hrysomallis C. Balance ability and athletic performance. Sports medicine. 2011;41(3):221-32.
• [8] Hertel J. Sensorimotor deficits with ankle sprains and chronic ankle instability. Clinics in sports medicine. 2008;27(3):353-70.
• [9] Riemann BL, Lephart SM. The sensorimotor system, part II: the role of proprioception in motor control and functional joint stability. Journal of athletic training. 2002;37(1):80.
• [10] Hösl M, Böhm H, Oestreich C, Dussa CU, Schäfer C, Döderlein L, Nader S, Fenner V. Self-perceived foot function and pain in children and adolescents with flexible flatfeet–Relationship between dynamic pedobarography and the foot function index. Gait & posture. 2020;77(1):225-30.
• [11] Chi TD, Davitt J, Younger A, Holt S, Sangeorzan BJ. Intra-and inter-observer reliability of the distal metatarsal articular angle in adult hallux valgus. Foot & ankle international. 2002;23(8):722-6.
• [12] Picciano AM, Rowlands MS, Worrell T. Reliability of open and closed kinetic chain subtalar joint neutral positions and navicular drop test. Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy. 1993;18(4):553-8.
• [13] Morrison SC, Durward BR, Watt GF, Donaldson MD. The intra-rater reliability of anthropometric data collection conducted on the peripubescent foot: A pilot study. The foot. 2005;15(4):180-4.
• [14] Smith-Oricchio K, Harris BA. Interrater reliability of subtalar neutral, calcaneal inversion and eversion. Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy. 1990;12(1):10-5.
• [15] Atılgan E. Genu rekurvatumlu kadınlarda modifiye edilmiş topuk kamalarının stabiliteye etkisi (Master's thesis, İstanbul Medipol Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü), İstanbul;2020.
• [16] Romero-Franco, N., et al., Short-term effects of proprioceptive training with unstable platform on athletes' stabilometry. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 2013;27(8): p. 2189-2197.
• [17] Cachupe WJ, Shifflett B, Kahanov L, Wughalter EH. Reliability of biodex balance system measures. Measurement in physical education and exercise science. 2001;5(2):97-108.
• [18] Khanuja K, Joki J, Bachmann G, ve ark. Gait and balance in the aging population: fall prevention using innovation and technology. Maturitas, 2018;110:51-6.
• [19] Sturnieks DL, St George R, Lord SR. Balance disorders in the elderly. Neurophysiologie Clinique/Clinical Neurophysiology. 2008 Dec 1;38(6):467-78.
• [20] Greve JM, Cuğ M, Dülgeroğlu D, Brech GC, Alonso AC. Relationship between anthropometric factors, gender, and balance under unstable conditions in young adults. BioMed research international. 2013 Jan 16;2013.
• [21] Tomruk M, Tomruk MS, Alkan E, Gelecek N. Genç Erişkinlerde Ayak Bileği Hareket açıklığı, Kas Kuvveti ve Denge Arasındaki İlişki. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi. 2020 Jun 1;11(2):217-23.
• [22] Aydos L, Uzun A, Kaya M, Kanatli U, Esen E, Uslu S. The effect of volleyball on the sole contact areas and maximal forces of Female volleyball players. Homo Sporticus. 2012;14 (1):5-11.
• [23] Harrison PL, Littlewood C. Relationship between pes planus foot type and postural stability. Indian Journal of Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy. 2010;4(3):21-4.
• [24] Karabacak, R. "Pes Planusu Olan Adölesanlarda Denge Ve Ayak Basinç Dağiliminin Değerlendirilmesi."(Master’s Thesis) Hacettepe University, Ankara; 2020.
• [25] Anker LC, Weerdesteyn V, van Nes IJ, Nienhuis B, Straatman H, Geurts AC. The relation between postural stability and weight distribution in healthy subjects. Gait & posture. 2008;27(3):471-7.