AUTHOR GUIDELINES

1. Manuscripts must be prepared in accordance with the journal template and uploaded to the system. The template can be accessed via the “Information for Authors” section.
2. The length of manuscripts must not exceed 30 pages in journal format and should be prepared on A4 size using Microsoft Word.
3. Page layout should be set as follows: Left: 2.5 cm, Right: 2.5 cm, Top: 3 cm, Bottom: 3 cm.
4. Manuscripts must be written in 11-point Times New Roman font with single line spacing. One character space should be left after commas and periods.
5. Paragraphs should not have indentation; instead, 6 pt spacing should be added before and after paragraphs. No extra blank lines should be inserted between paragraphs.
6. On the first page of the manuscript, the title should be provided in Turkish and English in 11-point font; abstracts in Turkish and English (not exceeding 150 words) should be given in 9-point font; and at least 3 and at most 5 keywords should be included in both languages. Additionally, a maximum of 5 JEL (Journal of Economic Literature) classification codes must be provided. For manuscripts written in English, the title, abstract, keywords, and JEL codes should be presented first in English and then in Turkish. At the final stage, upon the request of the language editor after the peer-review process, the authors’ academic titles, names, and surnames should be indicated in 10-point font under the title, aligned to the right. At the bottom of the same page, below the footnote separator line, the authors’ institutional affiliations, email addresses, and ORCID information should be provided in 8-point font.
7. The manuscript must include extended abstracts in both Turkish and English. For manuscripts written in English, the extended abstract should be presented first in English and then in Turkish. Each extended abstract should not exceed one page in the journal format and must contain a minimum of 650 and a maximum of 1200 words. The word limit requirement applies only to the extended abstract written in the main language of the manuscript. The extended abstract should consist of four subheadings: purpose and scope, design/methodology/approach, findings, and conclusion and discussion. Each subheading should be written as a single paragraph in 9-point font, single-spaced, with spacing before and after paragraphs, and without additional blank lines between headings. For international submissions, editorial support can be provided for preparing the Turkish extended abstract upon request.
8. Main headings and subheadings should be bold, left-aligned (without indentation), and numbered in decimal format (e.g., 1., 1.1., 1.1.1., 1.1.2., 1.1.2.1.). Main headings must be written in uppercase letters, while only the initial letters of subheadings should be capitalized. Headings should be divided into a maximum of four levels. One blank line should be left before main headings, but no space should be left after them. Subheadings should not have any spacing before or after.
9. All tables, figures, and graphs in the manuscript should be sequentially numbered and placed appropriately within the text, centered on the page. Each table, figure, or graph must have a title. Titles should be placed above the table, figure, or graph, centered, in 10-point font, with only the first letters of words capitalized. The text within tables, figures, and graphs should be between 8 and 10-point font size.
10. Tables, figures, and graphs must be clearly readable and arranged so as not to exceed page margins. For formatting tables, refer to the example provided in the template.
11. Manuscripts submitted to the journal must follow the American Psychological Association (APA 7) style in terms of referencing system, footnotes, and bibliography formatting. In-text citations should follow the author–date system.
12. In-text citations should include the author(s)’ surname, year of publication, and page number. In Turkish manuscripts, “ve” should be used between two authors; for three or more authors, the first author’s surname should be followed by “vd.”. In English manuscripts, “and” and “et al.” should be used, respectively.

Examples of in-text citations in English publications:
• Works by a single author: (Eke, 2019, p. 35).
• Works by two authors: (İzgüden and Yelsiz, 2018, p. 12).
• Works by three or more authors: (Stand et al., 2020, p. 55).
• Citing more than one source: (Parkin, 1934, p. 25; Stand and Park, 2018, p. 60).
• Citing a whole source: (Karatay, 2003).
• Reference to secondary sources: (Freud, 1901, as cited in Bonomi, 1998).

13.If a group author with an abbreviation is used, the full name should be written in the first citation, and the abbreviation should be used in subsequent citations. For groups without abbreviations, there is no difference between first and subsequent citations.
• First citation: (Süleyman Demirel University [SDU], 2022).
• Subsequent citation: (SDU, 2022).

14. If the citation is taken from a website and the author is known, it should be cited similarly to periodicals. If no publication date is available, the access date should be used as the year. If the author is unknown, the institution name and access year should be provided in parentheses.
• Known author and date: (Metin and Yiğit, 2004).
• Unknown author and date: (Turkish Competition Authority, 2008).

15. If multiple works by the same author published in the same year are cited, they should be distinguished by adding letters (a, b, c) next to the year.
• (Hoffman, 1973a, p. 30).
• (Hoffman, 1973b, p. 45).

16. In narrative citations within the text, if the study has two authors, “ve” (for Turkish) or “and” (for English) should be used. For three or more authors, the first author’s surname should be followed by “vd.” (Turkish) or “et al.” (English).
• According to Eke (1994, p. 36), …
• İzgüden and Ceylan (2018) …
• Erdem et al. (2009) …

17. All sources cited in the manuscript must be included in the reference list. References should be listed alphabetically by authors’ surnames, regardless of type (thesis, book, article, report, etc.). Works by the same author should be ordered starting from the earliest publication. References should be aligned left and right without indentation. Except for journal names, only the first letter of the first word in titles (article, book, chapter, thesis, etc.) should be capitalized unless it is a proper noun or abbreviation. Journal names should have all major words capitalized. In works with two or more authors, a comma and “&” should be used before the final author’s name.

EXAMPLE OF BIBLIOGRAPHY FORMAT FOR PUBLICATIONS PREPARED IN ENGLISH

Books:

Surname, First letter of the name of the author(s). (Year). Name of the book (Number of editions). Publisher.

Orwell, G. (1949). 1984. London: Secker & Warburg.

Dickens, C. (1861). Great expectations. London: Chapman & Hall.

Edited Books:

Surname, First letter of the name of the author(s). (Year). Section title. In First letter of the editör, Surname of the editor (Ed.), Title of the book (Number of editions, Pages of the section), Place of publication: Publisher.

Johnson, L. (2020). Digital communication in education. In M. Taylor (Ed.), Technology and learning in the 21st century (1st ed., pp. 120–138). London: Routledge.

Adams, R. (2019). Social media and society. In K. Green (Ed.), Media studies: Current perspectives (1st ed., pp. 150–170). New York: Palgrave Macmillan.

Articles:

Surname, First letter of the name of the author(s). (Year). Title of the article. Journal title, Vol(No), Pages. http://doi.org/xx.xxxxxxxxxx

Hamdan, M., Erdem, R., Toraman, A., Ceylan, H., Rashed, A., & Jawabreh, B. (2025). Dimensions of violence against healthcare workers in emergency departments: a cross-sectional comparative study. BMC Public Health, 25(1), 1370.   https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-025-22558-x

Ching, B. H. H., & Xu, J. T. (2019). Understanding cosmetic surgery consideration in Chinese adolescent girls: Contributions of materialism and sexual objectification. Body Image, 28, 6-15.

Thesis:

Surname, First letter of the name of the author(s). (Year). Thesis title [Master’s Thesis/ Ph.D. Dissertation]. Name of University / Institution

Brown, T. (2019). The impact of social media on academic performance among university students [Master’s Thesis]. University of Manchester.

Hilson, A. (2021). Language acquisition strategies in bilingual children [Ph.D. Dissertation]. University of Cambridge.

Symposiums/Congresses:

Surname, First letter of the name of the author(s). (Year). Title of the paper. Symposiums/Congresses Name (Pages). The city where the Symposium / Congress is organised, Country.

Smith, R. (2020). The role of artificial intelligence in modern healthcare. Global Symposium on Medical Innovation (pp. 110–118). Oxford, United Kingdom.

Research Reports:

Surname, First letter of the name of the author(s). (Year). Title of the paper (Report No. xxx). Publisher. Internet address

Eliasson, G., Fölster, S., Lindberg, T., Pousette, T., & Taymaz, E. (1990). The knowledge based information economy (IUI Working Paper No. 256). Research Institute of Industrial Economics. https://www.econstor.eu/bitstream/10419/95060/1/wp256.pdf

Media Sources (Film/Video et al.):

Surname of the Producer / Speaker, First letter of her/his name. (Year). The name of the film/speak [Film / Video / Audible]. Production company. Internet Address (if any)

Forman. M. (Yönetmen). (1975). One flew over the cuckoo’s nest [Film]. United Artists.

Law/Regulation/International Convention/Court Orders:

Name of Law/Regulation/International Convention/Court. (Release Date). Internet Address.

Çocuk Hakları Sözleşmesi. (1995, January, 27). https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/22184.pdf

Lisansüstü Eğitim ve Öğretim Yönetmeliği. (2016, April 20). http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2016/04/20160420-16.htm

Internet Sources:

Surname, First letter of the name of the author(s). (Date of publication / Date of access). Title. Retrieved ….. from URL

Bebbington, J., & Song, E. (2004). The adoption of IFRS in the EU and New Zealand. Retrieved July 14, 2008 from http://www.europe.canterbury.ac.nz/

Rekabet Kurumu. (2010). Rekabet hukukunun esasları. Retrieved March 17, 2010 from http://www.rekabet.gov.tr/index.php?Sayfa=sayfaicerik&icId=53

Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi. (2020). Misyon & vizyon. Retrieved January 10, 2020 from https://w3.sdu.edu.tr/sayfa/5528/misyon-vizyon

***For the cases not mentioned in spelling, scientific publication rules will be taken into consideration.