COMPARISON OF THE EFFECTS OF BATTLE ROPE AND ROWING EXERCISES ON PHYSICAL PERFORMANCE IN HEALTHY YOUNG ADULTS

Year 2022, , 629 - 641, 27.12.2022

Esma Arslan , Görkem Kıyak , Hasan Özbek , Ziya Yıldız , Ramazan Kürşat Erdaş , Furkan Küçük , Ferdi Başkurt , Sabriye Ercan

https://doi.org/10.17343/sdutfd.1184234

Abstract

Objective
Battle rope exercises are a plyometric exercise approach
in which large diameter and heavy ropes are used
to increase physical performance. Rowing exercises
are a type of exercise that increases general body
strength and are performed with a rowing device in
an indoor environment. The aim of the study is to determine
the effects of these two exercise approaches
on internal rotation/ external rotation (IR/ER) shoulder
strength, proprioception and upper extremity balance,
lower extremity strength, and trunk stabilization.
Material and Method
Healthy individuals (n=22) between the ages of 18-25
were included in the study. At the beginning and at
the end of the study; IR/ER shoulder muscle strength
test with an isokinetic dynamometer at 60°/sec angular
velocity, active IR/ER shoulder proprioception measurement
at 15°, 45°, and 75° target angles with an
isokinetic dynamometer, Upper Extremity Y Balance
Test and closed kinetic chain lower extremity stability
test was performed. Participants were randomly assigned
to rowing (n=10) and battle rope (n=12) exercise
groups. Both groups were trained for 6 weeks,
3 days a week, every other day, 6 sets of exercise,
and 30 seconds of rest between sets. The metronome
speed was determined as 60 bpm in the rope exercise
group and 30 bpm in the rowing group for follow the
rhythm during the exercises.
Results
After the exercise programs; in both groups (Rowing;
n=9 / Battle rope; n=10) there were a significant increase
in the results of the closed kinetic chain lower extremity
stability test and IR total work compared to the
baseline (p˂0.05), no difference was found in the results
of the Upper extremity Y balance test and proprioception
test (p˃0.05). Battle rope exercise group; the
peak torque of IR at 60˚/s (p=0.048) and the ratio to
body weight (p=0.045) of the dominant shoulder increased
significantly at the end of the exercise program
compared to the beginning. When comparing
the amount of change determined after the exercise
program compared to the beginning of the exercise
program, no superiority was observed between the
two groups (p˃0.05).
Conclusion
In the light of current results, we think that both exercise
protocols can be made a part of training programs
in healthy individuals.

Keywords

battle rope exercise, rowing exercise, muscle strength, balance, proprioception

SAĞLIKLI GENÇ YETİŞKİNLERDE HALAT VE KÜREK EGZERSİZLERİNİN FİZİKSEL PERFORMANS ÜZERİNE ETKİLERİNİN KARŞILAŞTIRILMASI

Abstract

Amaç
Halat egzersizleri, fiziksel performansı artırmak için
geniş çaplı ve ağır halatların kullanıldığı pliyometrik
egzersiz yaklaşımıdır. Kürek egzersizleri ise genel vücut
kuvvetini artıran, kapalı ortamda kürek çekme aletiyle
yapılan bir egzersiz türüdür. Çalışmanın amacı,
bu iki egzersiz yaklaşımının omzun internal rotasyon/
eksternal rotasyon (IR/ER) kas kuvvetine, propriyosepsiyonuna,
üst ekstremite dengesine, alt ekstremite
kuvveti ve gövde stabilizasyonuna etkilerinin karşılaştırılmasıdır.
Gereç ve Yöntem
Araştırmaya, 18-25 yaşları aralığında sağlıklı 22 birey
dahil edilmiştir. Çalışma başlangıcında ve sonunda;
60°/sn açısal hızdaki izokinetik dinamometre ile IR/
ER omuz kas kuvvet testi, izokinetik dinamometre ile
15°, 45° ve 75° hedef açılarda aktif IR/ER omuz propriyosepsiyon
ölçümü, üst ekstremite için Y denge testi
ve kapalı kinetik zincir alt ekstremite stabilite testi gerçekleştirilmiştir.
Katılımcılar randomize olarak kürek
(n=10) ve halat (n=12) egzersiz gruplarına ayrılmıştır.
Her iki gruba da 6 hafta boyunca, haftada 3 gün, gün
aşırı, 6 set egzersiz ve setler arasında 30 sn dinlenmeyle
egzersizler yapılmıştır. Egzersizler sırasındaki
ritmi takip edebilmek için halat egzersiz grubunda 60
bpm, kürek grubunda 30 bpm metronom hızı belirlenmiştir.
Bulgular
Egzersiz programlarından sonra; her iki grubun da
(Kürek; n=9 / Halat; n=10) başlangıca göre kapalı kinetik
zincir alt ekstremite stabilite testi ve IR total iş
sonucunda anlamlı artış bulunmuş (p˂0,05), Üst Ekstremite
Y Denge Testi ve propriyosepsiyon testi sonuçlarında
fark olmadığı görülmüştür (p˃0,05). Halat
egzersizi grubunun; dominant omzunun 60˚/s hızındaki
IR zirve torku (p=0,048) ve vücut ağırlığına oranı
(p=0,045) egzersiz programının sonunda, başlangıca
göre anlamlı olarak artmıştır. Egzersiz programı-
nın başlangıcına göre egzersiz programı sonrasında
belirlenen değişim miktarlarının karşılaştırılmasında
iki grup arasında birbirine üstünlük gözlenmemiştir
(p>0,05).
Sonuç
Mevcut sonuçlar ışığında iki egzersiz protokolünün de
sağlık bireylerde antrenman programlarının bir parçası
haline getirilebileceğini düşünmekteyiz.

Keywords

halat egzersizi, kürek egzersizi, kas kuvveti, denge, propriyosepsiyon

Thanks

Çalışmaya katılan tüm Fizyoterapi ve Rehabilitasyon Bölümü öğrencilerine teşekkür ederiz.

References

• 1. Fountaine CJ, Schmidt BJ. Metabolic cost of rope training. J Strength Cond Res. 2015;29(4):889-93.
• 2. Calatayud J, Martin F, Colado JC, Benítez JC, Jakobsen MD, Andersen LL. Muscle activity during unilateral vs. bilateral battle rope exercises. J Strength Cond Res. 2015;29(10):2854-9.
• 3. Bornath DP, Kenno KA. Physiological Responses to Increasing Battling Rope Weight During Two 3-Week High-Intensity Interval Training Programs. J Strength Cond Res. 2022;36(2):352-8.
• 4. Turpin NA, Guével A, Durand S, Hug F. Effect of power output on muscle coordination during rowing. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2011;111(12):3017-29.
• 5. Gavala-González J, Gálvez-Fernández I, Mercadé-Melé P, Fernández-García JC. Rowing training in breast cancer survivors: A longitudinal study of physical fitness. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(14):4938.
• 6. Shin K-Y, Choi E-H, Lim J-Y, Cho A-R, Lim Y-H. Effects of indoor rowing exercise on the body composition and the scoliosis of visually impaired people: a preliminary study. Ann Rehabil Med. 2015;39(4):592-8.
• 7. Maniazhagu D, Malar S, Manogari M. Effects of circuit training and battle rope training on speed of school girls. Asian J App Sci&Tech. 2019;3(3):66-72.
• 8. Akınoğlu B, Kocahan T, Selvi AB. Comparison of Upper Extremity Isokinetic Muscle Strength of Wheelchair Basketball and Wheelchair Table Tennis Players. Turk J Sports Med. 2018;53(4).
• 9. Riemann BL, Davis SE, Huet K, Davies GJ. Intersession reliability of upper extremity isokinetic push-pull testing. Int J Sports Phys Ther. 2016;11(1):85.
• 10. Gorman PP, Butler RJ, Plisky PJ, Kiesel KB. Upper Quarter Y Balance Test: reliability and performance comparison between genders in active adults. J Strength Cond Res. 2012;26(11):3043-8.
• 11. Shaffer SW, Teyhen DS, Lorenson CL, Warren RL, Koreerat CM, Straseske CA, et al. Y-balance test: a reliability study involving multiple raters. Mil Med. 2013;178(11):1264-70.
• 12. Arikan H, Maras G, Akaras E, Citaker S, Kafa N. Development, reliability and validity of the Closed Kinetic Chain Lower Extremity Stability Test (CKCLEST): a new clinical performance test. Res Sports Med. 2022;30(5):475-90.
• 13. Wilbanks SR, Rogers R, Pool S, Bickel CS. Effects of functional electrical stimulation assisted rowing on aerobic fitness and shoulder pain in manual wheelchair users with spinal cord injury. J Spinal Cord Med. 2016;39(6):645-54.
• 14. Ratamess NA, Smith CR, Beller NA, Kang J, Faigenbaum AD, Bush JA. Effects of rest interval length on acute battling rope exercise metabolism. J Strength Cond Res. 2015;29(9):2375-87.
• 15. Kim D, Park D, Lee B, Jeon J. A six-week motor-driven functional electronic stimulation rowing program improves muscle strength and body composition in people with spinal cord injury: a pilot study. Spinal Cord. 2014;52(8):621-4.
• 16. Marshall EM, Parks JC, Singer TJ, Tai YL, DeBord AR, Humm SM, et al. Vascular Responses to High-Intensity Battling Rope Exercise between the Sexes. J Sports Sci Med. 2021;20(2):349.
• 17. Ager AL, Borms D, Bernaert M, Brusselle V, Claessens M, Roy J-S, et al. Can a conservative rehabilitation strategy improve shoulder proprioception? A systematic review. J Sport Rehabil. 2020;30(1):136-51.
• 18. Swanik KA, Lephart SM, Swanik CB, Lephart SP, Stone DA, Fu FH. The effects of shoulder plyometric training on proprioception and selected muscle performance characteristics. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2002;11(6):579-86.
• 19. Salles JI, Velasques B, Cossich V, Nicoliche E, Ribeiro P, Amaral MV, et al. Strength training and shoulder proprioception. J Athl Train. 2015;50(3):277-80.
• 20. Eginyan G, Williams AM, Joseph KS, Lam T. Trunk muscle activity and kinematics during boxing and battle rope exercise in people with motor-complete spinal cord injury. J Spinal Cord Med. 2021:1-8.
• 21. Manikumar M, Anitha A, Jothilingam M, Sharmila R, Sanjana R. Comparison of Battle Rope Exercise and Upper Body Plyometrics on Upper Body Power. Eur J Mol Clin Med. 2020;7(11):1509-14.
• 22. McAuslan C. Physiological responses to a battling rope high intensity interval training protocol. Windsor, Ontario, Canada: University of Windsor; 2013.
• 23. Antony B, Maheswri M, Palanisamy A. Effect of battle rope training on selected physical and physiological variables among college level athletes. Indian J Appl Res. 2015;5:19-22.
• 24. Chen W-H, Wu H-J, Lo S-L, Chen H, Yang W-W, Huang C-F, et al. Eight-week battle rope training improves multiple physical fitness dimensions and shooting accuracy in collegiate basketball players. J Strength Cond Res. 2018;32(10):2715-24.
• 25. Janshen L, Mattes K, Tidow G. Muscular coordination of the lower extremities of oarsmen during ergometer rowing. J Appl Biomech. 2009;25(2):156-64.
• 26. Parkin S, Nowicky AV, Rutherford OM, McGregor AH. Do oarsmen have asymmetries in the strength of their back and leg muscles? J Sports Sci. 2001;19(7):521-6.
• 27. Langford EL, Wilhoite S, Collum C, Weekley H, Cook J, Adams K, et al. Battle Rope Conditioning. Strength Cond J. 2019;41(6):115-21.
• 28. Quednow J, Sedlak T, Meier J, Janot J, Braun S. The effects of high intensity interval-based kettlebells and battle rope training on grip strength and body composition in college-aged adults. Int J Exerc Sci. 2015;8(2):3.
• 29. Lawton TW, Cronin JB, McGuigan MR. Strength testing and training of rowers. Sports Med. 2011;41(5):413-32.