THE RELATİONSHİP OF HYPERGLYCEMİA WİTH EPİGENETİC MECHANİSMS

Abstract

Epigenetics are traits that are inherited and reflected in the phenotype, independent of the DNA sequence. There is a genetic predisposition to hyperglycemia; however, the environment plays critical roles in its development and progress. Epigenetic changes often translate environmental stimuli into changes in gene expression. Epigenetic factors are mainly DNA methylation, histone modifications and microRNAs. Epigenetic changes, which play a role in the regulation of all biological processes, are closely related to diseases such as autoimmune/inflammatory, cardiovascular, cancer, obesity and type 2 diabetes, which are among the most important health problems in the world and in our country. In particular, chronic hyperglycemia, which plays a role in the pathogen of diabetes and diabetes-related complications, affects gene transcription through epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methylation, histone modifications and microRNAs. In this review, we focused on explaining the effects of hyperglycemia on epigenetic mechanisms and the role of epigenetic changes it causes in the pathogenesis of diseases.

Keywords

• hyperglycemia
• epigenetics
• complications
• hyperglycemic memory
• DNA methylations
• histone modifications

HİPERGLİSEMİNİN EPİGENETİK MEKANİZMALAR İLE İLİŞKİSİ

Abstract

Epigenetik, DNA dizisinden bağımsız olarak fenotipe yansıyan ve kalıtsal olarak aktarılabilen özelliklerdir. Hiperglisemide genetik yatkınlık söz konusudur; ancak çevre, gelişmesinde ve ilerlemesinde kritik roller oynar. Epigenetik değişiklikler genellikle çevresel uyaranları gen ifadesindeki değişikliklere çevirir. Epigenetik faktörler, temel olarak DNA metilasyonu, histon modifikasyonları ve mikroRNA'lardır. Tüm biyolojik süreçlerin düzenlenmesinde rol oynayan epigenetik değişiklikler, otoimmüne/inflamatuar, kardiyovasküler, kanser, obezite ve tip 2 diyabet gibi tüm dünyada ve ülkemizde önemli sağlık sorunlarının başında gelen hastalıklar ile de yakından ilişkilidir. Özellikle diyabet ve diyabetle ilişkili komplikasyonların patojeninizde rol oynayan kronik hiperglisemi, DNA metilasyonu, histon modifikasyonları ve mikro RNA’lar gibi epigenetik mekanizmalar aracılığıyla gen transkripsiyonunu etkilemektedir. Bu derlemede, hipergliseminin, epigenetik mekanizmalar üzerindeki etkilerine ve yol açtığı epigenetik değişimlerin hastalıklarların patogenezindeki rollerini açıklamaya odaklandık.

Keywords

• hiperglisemi
• epigenetik
• komplikasyonlar
• hiperglisemik hafıza
• DNA metilasyonları
• histon modifikasyonları

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