MONOSODYUM GLUTAMAT İLE İNDÜKLENMİŞ HİPOKAMPAL HASARDA OMEGA-3 YAĞ ASİTLERİNİN KORUYUCU ETKİSİNİN İNCELENMESİ

Abstract

Amaç Monosodyum glutamat (MSG) birçok hazır besinin içine katılan ve beyinde nöronlar üzerine eksitotoksik olduğu bilinen lezzet arttırıcıdır. Çalışmanın amacı çocukluk dönemindeki ratların hippokampus bölgelerindeki nöronlarda, MSG’nın olası toksik etkisine karşı eikosapentaenoik asit (EPA) ve beyin gelişiminde etkili olan dokosaheksaenoik asit (DHA)’in koruyucu etkilerine rağmen beyinde oluşan nöral hasarın immünohistokimyasal incelenmesidir. Gereç ve Yöntem Her bir grupta çocukluk döneminde olan 4 haftalık, 170-205 gr ağırlığında 6 adet, toplam 24 Wistar albino dişi ratlar kullanılacaktır. 1. Grup: Kontrol grubu (0,9 % saline solution 1.3.5.7.9. günler subcutan (sc) verildi, 2. Grup: MSG uygulanan (4 mg/g 1.3.5.7.9. günler sc), 3. Grup: MSG + EPA uygulanan (4 mg/g 1.3.5.7.9. günler sc + 300 mg/kg 9 gün oral), 4. Grup: MSG + DHA uygulanan (4 mg/g 1.3.5.7.9. günler sc + 300 mg/kg 9 günler oral), 9. Günün sonunda beyin dokularının hipokampus CA1 bölgesinde immünohistokimya ve TUNEL tekniği uygulaması için %10 luk nötral formalin içine alınacaktır. Bulgular Çocukluk dönemindeki dişi ratların beyinlerinin hippokampüs CA1 bölgesi incelendiğinde, S100β immunoreaktivitesi MSG grubunda diğer gruplara göre kuvvetli ve anlamlı reaksiyon gösterdi (p=0,000). MSG+EPA ve MSG+DHA grupları arasında fark anlamsız olduğu izlendi (p<0,05). GFAP immunoreaktivitesi yine MSG grubunda diğer gruplara göre kuvvetli ve anlamlı reaksiyon gösterdi (p=0,000). MSG+EPA ve MSG+DHA grupları hem kendi aralarında hemde kontrol grubu ile karşılaştırmalarında fark anlamsız olduğu gözlendi (p<0.05). MSG grubunda nöroglial hücrelerde kuvvetli TUNEL pozitif reaksiyon gösterdi. Kontrol grubunda TUNEL boyama reakasiyonu zayıftı. MSG-EPA ve MSG-DHA gruplarında tüm alanlarda hipokampal nöronlarda TUNEL boyama reaksiyonunda azalma saptandı. MSG+EPA ve hem kontrol grubu arasında hem de MSG+DHA grupları arasında TUNEL boyama reaksiyonunda anlamlı bir fark gözlenmedi (p>0,05). Sonuç MSG, beyinde hipokampus CA1 bölgesinde, S100β, GFAP ve TUNEL pozitif ekspresyonunda artışa neden olurken, MSG-EPA ve MSG-DHA hippokampal nöronlarda nöronal ekpresyonlarda ve apoptozisde azalmaya neden olmuştur. Bu nedenle çocukluk döneminde MSG’nin Omega-3 yağ asitleri ile birlikte kullanımının nöroglial hasarlanma ve apoptozisten koruyucu etkisi olabileceği sonucuna varıldı.

Keywords

• MSG
• Omega-3
• TUNEL
• S100β
• GFAP

INVESTIGATION OF THE PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF OMEGA-3 FATTY ACIDS ON MONOSODIUM GLUTAMATE-INDUCED HIPPOCAMPAL INJURY

Abstract

Objective Monosodium glutamate (MSG) is a flavor enhancer that is added to many ready-to-eat foods and is known to be excitotoxic to neurons in the brain. The aim of the study is to investigate immunohistochemically the neural damage that occurs in the neurons in the hippocampus regions of childhood rats, despite the protective effects of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) against the possible toxic effects of MSG and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), which is effective in brain development. Material and Method A total of 24 Wistar albino rats will be used as 6 females in childhood in each group. Group 1: Control group (0.9 % saline solution 1.3.5.7.9. days subcutaneous (sc), Group 2: MSG administered (4 mg/g 1.3.5.7.9. days sc), Group 3: MSG + EPA administered (4 mg/g 1.3.5.7.9. days sc + 300 mg/kg 9 days orally), Group 4: MSG + DHA applied (4 mg/g 1.3.5.7.9. days sc + 300 mg/kg 9 days orally), at the end of the 9th day, the brain tissues will be placed in 10% neutral formalin for immunohistochemistry and TUNEL technique application in the hippocampus CA1 region. Results When the hippocampus CA1 region of the brains of childhood rats was examined, S100β immunoreactivity showed a strong and significant reaction in the MSG group compared to the other groups (p=0.000). It was observed that the difference between MSG+EPA and MSG+DHA groups was insignificant (p<0.05). GFAP immunoreactivity also showed a strong and significant reaction in the MSG group compared to the other groups (p=0.000). It was observed that the difference between MSG+EPA and MSG+DHA groups was insignificant both in comparison with each other and with the control group (p<0.05). In the MSG group, TUNEL showed a strong positive reaction in neuroglial cells. Expression was weak in the control group. TUNEL staining reaction was weak in the control group. A decrease in TUNEL staining reaction was detected in hippocampal neurons in all areas in the MSG-EPA and MSG-DHA groups. No significant difference was observed in the TUNEL staining reaction between MSG+EPA and both the control group and the MSG+DHA groups (p>0.05). Conclusion While MSG caused an increase in the positive expression of S100β, GFAP and TUNEL in the hippocampus CA1 region of the brain, MSG-EPA and MSG-DHA caused a decrease in neuronal expression and apoptosis in hippocampal neurons. Therefore, it was concluded that the use of MSG together with Omega-3 fatty acids in childhood may have a protective effect against neuroglial damage and apoptosis.

Keywords

• MSG
• Omega-3
• TUNEL
• S100β
• GFAP

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