THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ANTHROPOMETRIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE HAND AND GRIP STRENGTH AND DEXTERITY IN HEALTHY YOUNG INDIVIDUALS

Abstract

Objective Although the relationship between anthropometry and grip strength has been determined between different ethnic populations, few studies have addressed their impact on performance. This study was conducted to evaluate the hypothesis that hand anthropometry is associated with grip strength and dexterity among young adults. Material and Method 197 healthy students between the ages of 18-25 included in the study. The socio-demographic information of the participants, including age, height, body weight, and gender, was recorded. As a hand anthropometric measurement, hand length, hand width, hand spam length, finger length, and palm length were measured with a tape measure. Handgrip strength was evaluated with a handgrip dynamometer, and dexterity was evaluated with the Nine-Hole Peg Test (NHPT). Results According to the results of our study, it was determined that all anthropometric measurements and grip strength values and the NHPT insertion scores of both upper extremities were significantly higher in men than in women (p<0.05). All anthropometric measurements were found to be significantly higher in left-dominant subjects (p<0.05). It was observed that all anthropometric measurements and grip strength for both upper extremities, except finger lengths, were significantly higher in overweight individuals than in normal individuals (p<0.05). It was determined that all anthropometric measurements showed a strong positive (r=0.50–0.74) correlation with each other and with grip strength (p<0.001). In addition, it was determined that the NHPT scores of the right upper extremity showed a moderate positive (r= 0.25 – 0.49) correlation with the anthropometric measurement values and grip strength (p<0.001). Conclusion In our study, the hypothesis that hand anthropometric characteristics are related to hand grip strength and dexterity has been confirmed.

Keywords

• Hand Anthropometri
• Grip Strength
• Dexterity

SAĞLIKLI GENÇ BİREYLERDE ELİN ANTROPOMETRİK KARAKTERİSTİKLERİ İLE KAVRAMA KUVVETİ VE EL BECERİSİ ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİ

Abstract

Amaç Antropometri ve kavrama kuvveti ilişkisi farklı etnik popülasyonlar arasında saptanmış olsa da çok az sayıdaki çalışmada bunların performans üzerindeki etkisi ele alınmıştır. Bu çalışma, el antropometrisinin genç yetişkinler arasında kavrama kuvveti ve el becerisi ile ilişkili olduğu hipotezini değerlendirmek amacıyla yapıldı. Gereç ve Yöntem Çalışmaya, 18-25 yaş aralığında 197 sağlıklı öğrenci alındı. Katılımcıların yaş, boy, vücut ağırlığı, cinsiyet gibi bilgileri içeren sosyo-demografik bilgileri kaydedildi. El antropometrik ölçümü olarak; el uzunlukları, el genişlikleri, el spam uzunlukları, parmak uzunlukları ve avuç içi uzunlukları mezura ile ölçüldü. El kavrama kuvveti el kavrama dinamometresiyle, el beceri değerlendirmesi ise Dokuz Delikli Peg Testiyle (DDPT) değerlendirildi. Bulgular Çalışmamızın sonuçlarına göre tüm antropometrik ölçümlerin ve kavrama kuvveti değerlerinin ve her iki üst ekstremiteye ait DDPT Testi takma skorlarının erkeklerde kadınlardan anlamlı düzeyde yüksek olduğu tespit edildi (p<0,05). Tüm antropometrik ölçümlerin sol dominant olan kişilerde anlamlı düzeyde yüksek olduğu belirlendi (p<0,05). Her iki üst ekstremite için parmak uzunlukları dışındaki diğer tüm antropometrik ölçümlerin ve kavrama kuvvetinin kilolu bireylerde normal vücut ağırlıklı bireylere göre anlamlı düzeyde yüksek olduğu gözlemlendi (p<0,05). Tüm antropometrik ölçümlerin birbiri ile ve kavrama kuvveti ile pozitif yönde güçlü (r= 0,50 – 0,74) korelasyon gösterdiği tespit edildi (p<0,001). Ayrıca sağ üst ekstremite DDPT skorlarının antropometrik ölçüm değerleri ve kavrama kuvveti ile pozitif yönde orta düzeyde (r= 0,25 – 0,49) korelasyon gösterdiği belirlendi (p<0,001). Sonuç Çalışmamızda, el antropometrik karakteristikleri ile el kavrama kuvvetinin ve el becerisinin ilişkili olduğu hipotezi doğrulanmıştır.

Keywords

• El Antropometri
• Kavrama Kuvveti
• El Becerisi

References

1. 1. Bhat AK, Jindal R, Acharya AM. The influence of ethnic differences based on upper limb anthropometry on grip and pinch strength. Journal of Clinical Orthopaedics and Trauma. 2021; 21:101504
2. 2. Koley SM, Gandhi A. Pal singh: Association of handgrip strength with Heigth, weigth and BMI in boys and girls aged 6–25 years of Amritsar, Panjab, India. Int j biological anthropology. 2008;2(1).
3. 3. Zaccagni L, Toselli S, Bramanti B, Gualdi-Russo E, Mongillo J, Rinaldo N. Handgrip strength in young adults: association with anthropometric variables and laterality. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health. 2020;17:4273
4. 4. Alahmari KA, Silvian SP, Reddy RS, Kakaraparthi VN, Ahmad I, Alam MM. Hand grip strength determination for healthy males in Saudi Arabia: A study of the relationship with age, body mass index, hand length and forearm circumference using a handheld dynamometer. J. Int. Med. Res. 2017;45:540–548.
5. 5. Massey-Westrop N, Rankin W, Ahern M, Krishnan J, Hearn TC. Measuring grip strength in normal adults: reference ranges and a comparison of electronic and hydraulic instruments. Journal of Hand Surgery. 2004;29:514-519.
6. 6. Syddall H, Cooper C, Martin F, Briggs B, Save A. Is grip strength a useful single marker of frailty? Age ageing. 2003;32(6):650- 656.
7. 7. Koley SM, Gandhi A. Effect of hand dominance in grip strength in collegiate population of Amritsar, Panjab, India. Anthropologist. 2010;12(1):13–16.
8. 8. Rostamzadeh S, Saremi M, Vosoughi S, Bradtmiller B, Janani L, Farshad AA, Taheri F. Analysis of hand-forearm anthropometric components in assessing handgrip and pinch strengths of school-aged children and adolescents: a partial least squares (PLS) approach. BMC Pediatrics. 2021;21:39.

9. 9. Nurul Shahida MS, Zawiah S, Case K. The relationship between anthropometry and hand grip strength among elderly Malaysians. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics. 2015;50:17-25.
10. 10. Ekşioğlu M. Normative static grip strength of population of Turkey, effects of various factors and a comparison with international norms. Appl Ergon. 2016;52(1):8–17.
11. 11. Perissinotto E, Pisent C, Sergi G, Grigoletto F. Anthropometric measurements in the elderly: age and gender differences. Br. J. Nutr.,2002;87(2):177-186.
12. 12. Singh AP, Koley S, Sandhu JS. Association of hand grip strength with some anthropometric traits in collegiate population of Amritsar. The Oriental Anthropologist. 2009;9(1):99-110
13. 13. Koley S, Singh AP. An association of dominant hand grip strength with some anthropometric variables in Indian collegiate population. Anthropol. Anz. 2009;67:21–8.
14. 14. Koley S, Kaur N, Sandhu JS. Association of hand grip strength and some anthropometric traits in female labourers of Jalandhar, Punjab, India. J Life Sci. 2009;1:57–62.
15. 15. Hajaghazadeh M, Taghizadeh M, Mohebbi I, Khalkhali H. Hand anthropometric dimensions and strengths in workers: A comparison of three occupations. Hum Factors Ergon Manuf. 2022;32:373–388.
16. 16. Aygün N. Obezite tanımı, komplikasyonları, endokrin kontrolü ve beslenme tedavisi. Okmeydanı Tıp Dergisi. 2014;30(1):45-9.
17. 17. Staff of Antropology Research Project. Anthropometric Source Book: NASA Reference Publication 1024. Yellow Springs, Ohio: NASA; 1978.
18. 18. Peebles L, Norris B. Adultdata: The Handbook of Adult Anthropometric and Strength Measurements: Data for Design Safety. London: DTI; 1998.
19. 19. Shechtman O, Gestewitz L, Kimble C. Reliability and validity of the DynEx dynamometer. J Hand Ther. 2005; 18(3): 339-347.
20. 20. Grice KO, Vogel KA, Le V, Mitchell A, Muniz S, Vollmer MA. Adult norms for a commercially available Nine Hole Peg Test for finger dexterity. Am J Occup Ther. 2003; 57(5): 570-573.
21. 21. Hu H, Li Z, Yan J, Wang X, Xiao H, Duan J, et al. Anthropometric measurement of the Chinese elderly living in the Beijing area. Int J Ind Ergon. 2007;37(4):303-311.
22. 22. Gnaneswaran V, Bishu RR. Anthropometry and hand performance evaluation of minority population. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics. 2011; 41: 661-670.
23. 23. Yücel H, Kayıhan H. Elin fiziksel özelliklerinin el fonksiyonu üzerine etkileri. Fizyoterapi Rehabilitasyon. 2008; 19(1):24-29.
24. 24. Peebles L, Norris B. Filling ‘gaps’ in strength data for design. Applied Ergonomics. 2003;34:73-88.
25. 25. Shrestha P, Mansur Dİ, Maskey S, Shrestha S, Jha RK. Correlation between hand grip strength and anthropometric measurement among undergraduate medical students. Journal of Kathmandu Medical College. 2023;12(1):43
26. 26. Koley S, Kaur SP. Correlations of Handgrip Strength with Selected Hand-Arm-Anthropometric Variables in Indian Inter- university Female Volleyball Players. Asian J Sports Med. 2011;2(4): 220–226.
27. 27. Pizzigalli L, Cremasco MM, Torre AL, Rainoldi A, Benis R. Hand grip strength and anthropometric characteristics in Italian female national basketball teams. The Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness. 2016; 57(5):521-528.
28. 28. Rawat S, Varte LR, Singh IJ, Choudhary S, Singh S. Anthropometry based prediction of dominant hand grip strength in Indian office going females. Asian Journal of Medical Sciences. 2016;7(6):58-62.
29. 29. Nicolay CW, Walker AL. Grip strength and endurance: influence of anthropometric variation, hand dimention and gender. Int J Ind Ergon. 2005;35:605–618.
30. 30. Fallahi AA, Jadidian AA. The effect of hand dimensions, hand shape and some anthropometric characteristics on handgrip strength in male grip athletes and non-athletes. Journal of Human Kinetic. 2011;29:151-159.
31. 31. Rostamzadeh S, Saremi M, Tabatabaei S. Normative hand grip strength and prediction models for Iranian office employees. Work. 2019;62(2):233–241.
32. 32. Rostamzadeh S, Saremi M, Bradtmiller B. Age, gender and side- stratified grip strength norms and related socio-demographic factors for 20–80 years Iranian healthy population: Comparison with consolidated and international norms. Int J Ind Ergon. 2020;80:103003.
33. 33. Visnapuu M, Jürimäe T. Handgrip strength and hand dimensions in young handball and basketball players. J Strength Cond Res. 2007;21(3):923–9.
34. 34. Tonak HA, Kara ÖK, Şahin S. Correlation of hand functionality and grip strengths with anthropometric measurements. Work. 2021;69(1):187-195.