The Possible Relationship Between Periodontitis and Alzheimer’s Disease and the Beneficial Effects of Salvia Officinalis in an Experimental Rat Model: An İmmunohistochemical Study

Abstract

Objective: The present study aimed to investigate potential correlations between Alzheimer's disease (AD) and periodontitis in laboratory rat models with inflammation, the isoform of nitric oxide synthases (iNOS), sclerostin expression, and beneficial effects of Salvia officinalis (S.officinalis). Material and method: Eighty Wistar albino male rats were randomly divided into equal groups as controls (C), S.officinalis (S), periodontitis (P), and periodontitis+S.officinalis (PS), Alzheimer’s disease (A), Alzheimer’s disease+S.officinalis (AS), Alzheimer’s disease+periodontitis (AP), and Alzheimer’s disease+periodontitis+S.officinalis (APS) groups. While aluminum chloride (AlCl3) and d-galactose (D-gal) were intraperitoneally applied in an AD-like model, S.officinalis extract was administered by oral gavage. Sclerostin and iNOS expressions in periodontal tissues and amyloid-β (Aβ) in the hippocampus were evaluated together. Results: Alveolar bone loss (ABL) was detected in Groups A and AS (p<0.05). There was no difference in ABL between Groups P and AP (p>0.05). iNOS and sclerostin expressions were detected in Group A. S.officinalis significantly decreased ABL, Aβ, and, in parallel, iNOS and sclerostin expressions in periodontal tissues in Groups PS and APS (p<0.05). The most marked sclerostin expression was observed in Group AP. Conclusion: Study findings revealed that periodontitis may increase Aβ in AD. Although ABL was not higher in Group AP than in Group P, the increase in iNOS and sclerostin expression in periodontal tissues in Group AP supports the pathogenetic association of AD with periodontitis. S.officinalis may be used as an immunomodulatory aromatic plant in the pathogenetic interaction of periodontal disease and AD.

Keywords

• Alzheimer's disease
• Periodontitis
• Salvia Officinalis
• iNos
• Sclerostin

References

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