The Role of Flupyradifuron in Inducing Apoptosis in HMC3 Cells: An In Vitro Analysis

Year 2026, Volume: 33 Issue: 1, 79 - 85, 21.03.2026

Okan Sancer

https://doi.org/10.17343/sdutfd.1839335

https://izlik.org/JA28HU25FN

Abstract

Objective
Flupyradifurone, a neonicotinoid insecticide, is widely applied in pest management. The present study aimed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of flupyradifurone-induced toxicity in HMC3 microglial cells.

Material and Method
Cell viability was assessed by the MTT assay following exposure to flupyradifurone. In parallel, the expression of key apoptotic pathway genes, including MDM2, p53, and CASP9, as well as the apoptosisand cell viability–associated microRNA hsa-miR-21-5p, was evaluated using RT-PCR.

Results
The results demonstrated that flupyradifurone induced dose-dependent cell death in HMC3 cells. RT-PCR analysis revealed a significant downregulation of MDM2, miR-21-5p, and an upregulation of p53 and CASP9 after 24 h of treatment.

Conclusion
This study reveals that FDP causes cell death in HMC3 cells, and this process occurs through apoptosis.

Keywords

Apoptosis , Casp9 , flupyradifurone , hsamiR- 21-5p , MDM2 , p53

Ethical Statement

This article does not contain any studies on human or animal subjects.

Supporting Institution

This research has not received any financial support from organizations in any sector.

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