Kronik obstrüktif akciğer hastalığının radyolojik değerlendirilmesinde yeni yaklaşımlar

Abstract

Kronik obstrüktif akciðer hastalýðý (KOAH), amfizem veya havayolunun daralmasý, veya her ikisinin birlikteliði ile nitelenen havayolu obstrüksiyonudur. Akciðer grafisi, atak ile gelen KOAHlý hastayý deðerlendirmede önemli bir yöntemdir. Buna karþýn taný koydurucu olmak yerine daha çok tanýyý destekleyici bir yöntem olarak kabul edilmektedir. Bu yüzden KOAHýn deðerlendirilmesi ve erken tanýsý için yeni yöntemlere ihtiyaç duyulmaktadýr. Büyük ve küçük havayollarý çaplarýnýn bilgisayarlý tomografi ile ölçümü KOAHlý hastalarda ve saðlýklý sigara içicilerde akciðer fonksiyonlarýný deðerlendirmede yararlý bir yöntemdir. Yakýn zamanda, yüksek çözünürlü bilgisayarlý tomografi (YÇBT) havayolu çaplarýnýn ölçümü için kullanýlmýþtýr. KOAHýn morfolojik tiplerine sýnýflandýrýlmasýnda YÇBTnin kullanýlmasý bronkodilatör veya inhale kortikosteroid tedavisine cevap verecek hastalarýn açýða çýkarýlmasýnda faydalý olabilir. Gelecekte KOAHýn patogenezinin, doðasýnýn ve fenotiplerinin anlaþýlmasýnda görüntüleme yöntemleri çok daha fazla katkýda bulunacaktýr.

Keywords

• kronik obstrüktif akciðer hastalýðý (KOAH)
• yüksek çözünürlü bilgisayarlý tomografi(YÇBT)
• radyoloji
• kantitatif BT

The new approaches in radiological assessments of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Abstract

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by airflow obstruction caused by emphysema or airway narrowing, or both. Chest radiography is an important tool in assessing patients with COPD presenting with worsening symptoms. Even so, it is accepted as a supportive method instead of being diagnostic. Thus, new approaches are required to diagnose and decide COPD early. The computed tomography measurements of large and small airway dimensions are useful for evaluating lung functions in patients with COPD and healthy current smokers. Recently, airway dimensions have been measured using high resolution computed tomography (HRCT). Classification of COPD into morphological phenotypes using
HRCT may help in identifying those patients who will respond to selective therapy (bronchodilators or inhaled corticosteroid treatment). In the future, our understanding of the pathogenesis, natural history and phenotypes of COPD will be immensely promoted by imaging.

Keywords

• chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
• high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT)
• radioloy
• quantitative CT

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