Micro RNAs and their relation with cancer

Abstract

Micro RNAs and their relation with cancerMicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small non-coding endogen RNA molecules usually 20-23 nucleotidesat length. They have shown to role in many physiological and pathological processes including cellcharacterization and differentiation. Additionally some miRNAs were identified as oncogenes while someothers are tumor-suppressors in cancer. This data indicates their modulatory effects on tumor progression,invasion and metastasis. After the effects of miRNAs on carcinogenesis were discovered, expression levelsof miRNAs on different cancer and normal cell lines were evaluated and differences found between normaland pathological tissues. Comparisons of miRNA expression levels between cancer and normal cells havegained attention on diagnosis, prognosis ant treatment of cancer. With the increasing knowledge aboutmiRNA functions and their roles in cancer, they became a new hope for understanding molecular pathologyof cancer and for developing molecular targeting treatment method

Keywords

• MicroRNA
• cancer
• oncogene
• tumor suppressor gene

MikroRNA’lar ve kanser ile iliþkisi

Abstract

MikroRNA'lar (miRNA'lar), endojen küçük RNA'ların bir sınıfını oluşturan, protein kodlamayan, yaklaşık 20-23 nükleotid uzunluğunda RNA molekülleridir. Bu moleküllerin özellikle hücre tipinin belirlenmesi ve hücre farklılaşması olmak üzere pek çok fizyolojik olaylarda ve patolojik durumlarda önemli düzenleyici roller aldığı gösterilmiştir. Ayrıca kanserde hem onkojenik hem de tümör baskılayıcı rol oynadıkları açığa çıkmıştır. Pek çok kanserde bazı miRNA'ların onkogen, bazılarının ise tümör baskılayıcı gen gibi işlev görmesi, tümör progresyonu, metastazı ve invazyonunda miRNA'ların düzenleyici olduğunu göstermektedir. miRNA'ların karsinogenezde etkili olabileceklerinin anlaşılmasıyla birlikte, farklı kanser türlerinde spesifik hücre tiplerinde miRNA'ların ekspresyon seviyelerindeki değişimler incelenmiş, miRNA'ların normal ve patolojik dokular arasında farklılık gösterdiği belirlenmiştir. Gen ekspresyonunu düzenlediği gösterilen miRNA'ların kanser hücrelerindeki seviyelerinin normal hücrelerle karşılaştırılması kanserin tanı, takip ve tedavisinde önem kazanmıştır. Son yıllarda işlevlerinin ve kanserdeki rollerinin anlaşılmaya başlanması ile miRNA'lar kanserin moleküler patolojisinin anlaşılmasında ve moleküler hedefe yönelik tedaviler geliştirilmesinde umut olmuştur.

Keywords

• MikroRNA
• kanser
• onkogen
• tümör süpressör gen

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