COVID-19'U ANLAMAK: SİTOKİN ETKİSİNİN İMMÜNOPATOJENİK MEKANİZMALARI

Year 2021, , 687 - 694, 30.12.2021

Elisha Akanbong Alparslan Kadir Devrim , Ali Şenol Tuba Devrim

https://doi.org/10.17343/sdutfd.971047

Abstract

Sitokin salınım sendromu (SSS) veya sitokin fırtınası,
SARS-CoV-2 tarafından başlatılabilen, bağışıklık
sisteminin orantısız tepkisinden kaynaklanan proinflamatuar
sitokinlerin aşırı üretiminin bir sonucudur.
SARS-CoV-2'nin neden olduğu COVID-19, sitokinlerle
korelasyon göstermektedir. SARS-CoV-2, yaygın
dağılım gösteren makrofajlar ve mast hücreleri sayesinde
IL-1 üretimini tetiklemektedir. IL-1 ise, IL-6 ve
TNF-α üretimlerini etkileme eğilimindedir. COVID-19
şiddetinin ilerlemesi, IL-6 gibi bazı sitokin düzeylerini
etkiler. IL-6, SSS oluşumundan başlıca sorumlu olan
sitokindir. SSS, COVID-19 ile ilgili komplikasyonların
ve COVID-19 ile ilişkili ölümlerin ana nedenidir. Bu
zamana kadar literatürde bildirilmiş verilere rağmen,
SARS-CoV-2 ve sitokinler arasındaki ilişki tam olarak
aydınlatılmış değildir. Bu derleme ile söz konusu ilişkinin
irdelenmesi amaçlamıştır. COVID-19 tedavisi sırasında
sitokinlerin hedeflenmesi, hastaların hayatta
kalma oranlarını artırma ve COVID-19 ile ilişkili ölümleri
azaltma potansiyelini taşımaktadır. COVID-19
hastalığında, sitokin salınım mekanizmalarına ve salınan
sitokinlerin etkilerine odaklanılmasının, özellikle
T lenfositler üzerindeki etkilerinin ve IFN-γ üretiminin
irdelenmesinin, hastalığın ölümcül etkilerini azaltmaya
yardımcı olabileceği düşünülmektedir.

Keywords

COVID-19, Sitokinler, Sitokin Salınım Sendromu, Sitokin Fırtınası

Supporting Institution

Çalışmada herhangi bir destek alınmamıştır.

COMPREHENDING COVID-19: IMMUNOPATHOGENIC MECHANISMS OF CYTOKINE ACTION

Abstract

Cytokine release syndrome (CRS) or cytokine storm is
as a result of the excess production of pro-inflammatory
cytokines which is due to the disproportionate response
of the immune system which can be instigated by
SARS-CoV-2. COVID-19 which is caused by SARSCoV-
2 has a correlation with cytokines. SARSCoV-
2 instigates the production of IL-1 by ubiquitous
macrophages and mast cells. IL-1 tends to influence
the production of IL-6 and TNF-α. The progression
of COVID-19 severity influences the level of certain
cytokines such as IL-6. IL-6 is the cytokine chiefly
responsible for the occurrence of CRS. CRS is the
cause of COVID-19-related complications and the
main cause of COVID-19-related deaths. Despite the
data reported in the literature so far, the relationship
between SARS-CoV-2 and cytokines has not been fully
elucidated. The aim of the present review is to examine
the relationship in question. Targeting cytokines during
COVID-19 treatment has the potential to increase
patient survival and reduce COVID-19-related deaths.
It is concluded that focusing on the mechanisms of
cytokine release and the effects of released cytokines,
especially examining the effects on T lymphocytes
and IFN-γ production in COVID-19 disease, may help
reduce the lethal effects of the disease.

Keywords

COVID-19, Cytokines, Cytokine Release Syndrome, Cytokine Storm

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