Yüz ve çene gelişimine etki eden faktörler

Year 2007, Volume: 14 Issue: 1, 41 - 44, 30.04.2009

Mehmet Ural Ahmet Koçak Alev Aksoy

Abstract

SüleymanDemirel Üniversitesi
TIP FAKÜLTESİ DERGİSİ: 2007 Mart; 14(1)










Yüz ve çene gelişimine etki eden faktörler



Mehmet Ural*, Ahmet Koçak*, Alev Aksoy**



Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Histoloji ve Embriyoloji AD, Isparta

Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Ortodonti AD, Isparta



Özet



Yüz ve çene gelişimi, erken embriyonik dönemde gerçekleşen önemli bir olaydır. Bu gelişim sırasında, embriyonun içinde gerçekleşen hücre göçünün zamanlamasının yanı sıra, iç ve dış kaynaklı pek çok faktörün de oldukça önemli bir yere sahip olduğu anlaşılmıştır. Gelişim biyolojisindeki en temel konulardan biri de, aralarında diş, Meckel kıkırdağı ve dil gibi farklı fenotiplere sahip dokuların gelişimi sırasında zaman ve konum yönünden kısıtlı sinyallerin nasıl gönderildiğinin ve alındığının ortaya çıkarılmasıdır. Farklı fenotiplerin şekillenmesinde, hücre ve dokuların zamanlamasını, sıralanmasını ve konumunu düzenleyen bir dizi büyüme ve transkripsiyon faktörünün olduğu anlaşılmıştır. Yüz gelişimi söz konusu olduğunda, özellikle kıkırdak gelişmi üzerine etki eden faktörler ön plana çıkmaktadır. Çünkü, kondrogenezis süreci kıkırdak hücrelerinin farklılaşmasını, çoğalımını ve kemikleşme yoluyla iskelet yapılarına dönüşmesini kapsar. Yüz gelişmine etki eden faktörlerin daha ileri seviyede araştırılması yoluyla, doğumsal anormalliklerin hücre seviyesindeki oluşum mekanizması daha net bir şekilde ortaya çıkarılabilir.



Anahtar kelimeler: Yüz ve çene, Gelişim, Faktörler.





Abstract



The factors that affect face and jaw development



Face and jaw development is one of the most important events at early embriyonic period. During this development, it has been understood that the timing of embriyonic cell migration and the effect of many other endogenous and exogenous factors have an important place. One of the most fundamental issues of development biology is to reveal the signaling pathway of the time and place restricted signals envolved in the development of different tissues like tooth, Meckel's cartilage and tongue. It has been found that there are series of growth and transcription factors that regulate the cell and tissue timing, sorting and positioning during the phenotypical morphogenesis. When face development is discussed, factors that affect cartilage development are especially prominent, because the chondrogenesis process involves the differentiation, proliferation and ossification of the chondrocytes. It is possible to reveal the formation mechanism of birth abnormalities at cellular level more clearly via the further studies regarding the factors that affect face development.



Key words: Face and jaw, Development, Factors.

Keywords

Yüz ve çene, Geliþim, Faktörler

References

• Moore, Keith L. The Developing Human 6th Edition. W.B. Saunders Company. 1998
• Sadler, T.W. Medikal Embriyoloji. Palme Yayýncýlýk. 1993
• Drews U. Renkli Embriyoloji Atlasý. Nobel Týp Kitabevi. 2000
• Hu CC, Sakakura Y, Sasano Y, Shum L, Bringas P Jr, Werb Z, Slavkin HC. Endogenous epidermal growth factor regulates the timing and pattern of embryonic mouse molar tooth morphogenesis. Int J Dev Biol. 1992 Dec;36(4):505-16
• Chai Y, Bringas P Jr, Mogharei A, Shuler CF, Slavkin HC. PDGF-A and PDGFR-alpha regulate tooth formation via autocrine mechanism during mandibular morphogenesis in vitro. Dev Dyn. 1998 Dec;213(4):500-11
• Amano O, Koshimizu U, Nakamura T, Iseki S. Enhancement by hepatocyte growth factor of bone and cartilage formation during embryonic mouse mandibular development in vitro. Arch Oral Biol. 1999 Nov;44(11):935-46
• Hall BK. Development of the mandibular skeleton in the embryonic chick as evaluated using the DNA-inhibiting agent 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine. J Craniofac Genet Dev Biol. 1987;7(2):145-59
• Xu X, Jeong L, Han J, Ito Y, Bringas P Jr, Chai Y. Developmental expression of Smad 1-7 suggests critical function of TGF-beta/BMP signaling in regulating epithelial-mesenchymal interaction during tooth morphogenesis. Int J Dev Biol. 2003 Feb;47(1):31-9
• Chin JR, Werb Z. Matrix metalloproteinases regulate morphogenesis, migration and remodeling of epithelium, tongue skeletal muscle and cartilage in the mandibular arch. Development. 1997 Apr;124(8):1519-30
• Slavkin HC, Sasano Y, Kikunaga S, Bessem C, Bringas P Jr, Mayo M, Luo W, Mak G, Rall L, Snead ML. Cartilage, bone and tooth induction during early embryonic mouse mandibular morphogenesis using serumless, chemically- defined medium. Connect Tissue Res. 1990;24(1): 41-51. Review
• Chai Y, Bringas P Jr, Shuler C, Devaney E, Grosschedl R, Slavkin HC. A mouse mandibular culture model permits the study of neural crest cell migration and tooth development. Int J Dev Biol. 1998 Jan;42(1):87-94
• Chai Y, Zhao J, Mogharei A, Xu B, Bringas P Jr, Shuler C, Warburton D. Inhibition of transforming growth factor-beta type II receptor signaling accelerates tooth formation in mouse first branchial arch explants. Mech Dev. 1999 Aug;86(1-2):63-74
• Ito Y, Bringas P Jr, Mogharei A, Zhao J, Deng C, Chai Y. Receptor-regulated and inhibitory Smads are critical in regulating transforming growth factor beta-mediated Meckel's cartilage development. Dev Dyn. 2002 May;224(1):69-78
• Chai Y, Mah A, Crohin C, Groff S, Bringas P Jr, Le T, Santos V, Slavkin HC. Specific transforming growth factor-beta subtypes regulate embryonic mouse Meckel's cartilage and tooth development. Dev Biol. 1994 Mar;162(1):85-103
• Fernandez-Lloris R, Vinals F, Lopez-Rovira T, Harley V, Bartrons R, Rosa JL, Ventura F. Induction of the Sry-related factor SOX6 contributes to bone morphogenetic protein-2- induced chondroblastic differentiation of C3H10T1/2 cells. Mol Endocrinol. 2003 Jul;17(7):1332-43. Epub 2003 Apr 03
• Uusitalo H, Hiltunen A, Ahonen M, Gao TJ, Lefebvre V, Harley V, Kahari VM, Vuorio E. Accelerated up-regulation of L-Sox5, Sox6, and Sox9 by BMP-2 gene transfer during murine fracture healing. J Bone Miner Res. 2001 Oct;16(10):1837-45
• De Crombrugghe B, Lefebvre V, Behringer RR, Bi W, Murakami S, Huang W. Transcriptional mechanisms of chondrocyte differentiation. Matrix Biol. 2000 Sep;19(5):389-94
• Akiyama H, Chaboissier MC, Martin JF, Schedl A, de Crombrugghe B. The transcription factor Sox9 has essential roles in successive steps of the chondrocyte differentiation pathway and is required for expression of Sox5 and Sox6. Genes Dev. 2002 Nov 1;16(21):2813-28
• Lefebvre V, Behringer RR, de Crombrugghe B. L-Sox5, Sox6 and Sox9 control essential steps of the chondrocyte differentiation pathway. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2001;9 Suppl A:S69-75
• Smits P, Li P, Mandel J, Zhang Z, Deng JM, Behringer RR, de Crombrugghe B, Lefebvre V. The transcription factors L-Sox5 and Sox6 are essential for cartilage formation. Dev Cell. 2001 Aug;1(2):277-90
• Haaijman A, Karperien M, Lanske B, Hendriks J, Lowik CW, Bronckers AL, Burger EH. Inhibition of terminal chondrocyte differentiation by bone morphogenetic protein 7 (OP-1) in vitro depends on the periarticular region but is independent of parathyroid hormone-related peptide. Bone. 1999 Oct;25(4):397-404
• Hogan BL. Bone morphogenetic proteins in development. Curr Opin Genet Dev. 1996 Aug;6 (4):432-8. Review
• Vortkamp A. Interaction of growth factors regulating chondrocyte differentiation in the developing embryo. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2001;9 Suppl A:S109-17. Review
• Ralph S. Marcucio, Dwight R. Cordero, Diane Hu and Jill A. Helms. Molecular interactions coordinating the development of the forebrain and face. Developmental Biology Article in Press
• Stevens DA, Hasserjian RP, Robson H, Siebler T, Shalet SM, Williams GR. Thyroid hormones regulate hypertrophic chondrocyte differentiation and expression of parathyroid hormone-related peptide and its receptor during endochondral bone formation. J Bone Miner Res. 2000 Dec;15 (12):2431-42
• Amizuka N, Davidson D, Liu H, Valverde-Franco G, Chai S, Maeda T, Ozawa H, Hammond V, Ornitz DM, Goltzman D, Henderson JE. Signalling by fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 and parathyroid hormone-related peptide coordinate cartilage and bone development. Bone. 2004 Jan;34(1):13-25