Application of Genetic Engineering in Citrus

Abstract

As in other plants, application of genetic engineering in Citrus requires availability of genes for desired traits and development of genetic transformation methods. Once these conditions are met, traits that can not be integrated into the Citrus genome by conventional breeding could be introduced to citrus by genetic engineering. Hence, a number of studies were conducted in Citrus and transgenic citrus plants were produced from different types of plant material using various transformation methods in the last decade. Initially, citrus plants were transformed only with reporter genes. As the transformation methods were optimized and genes for agriculturally important traits become availible by cloning from different sources, genetic engineering was applied for developing resistance to diseases, pests and abiotic stresses as well as improving fruit quality in Citrus. As a result, many transgenic plants transformed with these genes were produced and molecular and biological characteristization of these transgenic plants are still underway. In this study, genetic transformation studies in Citrus were reviewed and its prospects in the near future and its importance for Turkey were discussed.

Keywords

• Citrus, genetic engineering, genetic transformation, tissue culture, resistance to abiotic and biotic stresses,

Turunçgillerde Genetik Mühendisliği Uygulamaları

Abstract

Diğer bitkilerde olduğu gibi turunçgillerde de genetik mühendisliği uygulamalarının yapılması ve yaygınlaşması, istenilen özellikleri sağlayacak genlerin bulunmasına ve bunları bitkiye aktaracak transformasyon yöntemlerinin geliştirilmesine bağlıdır. Bu iki temel koşulun sağlanmasıyla turunçgillere ıslah çalışmalarıyla kazandırılamayan bazı özellikler genetik mühendisliği yoluyla kazandırılabilir. Bu amaçla turunçgillerde son on yılda çok sayıda çalışma yapılmış olup farklı bitki materyali ve farklı gen aktarım yöntemleri kullanılarak transgenik bitkiler üretilmiştir. Başlangıçta transformasyon çalışmaları sadece raportör genler kullanılarak yapılmıştır. Daha sonra transformasyon yöntemlerinin optimizasyonu ve tarımsal açıdan önemli genlerin çeşitli kaynaklardan klonlanmasıyla turunçgillerde hastalık ve zararlılar yanında abiyotik streslere dayanıklılık ve meyve kalitesinin artırılmasına yönelik genetik mühendisliği uygulamaları da başlamıştır. Bu uygulamalar sonucunda birçok transgenik bitki üretilmiş olup halen bu transgenik bitkilerin moleküler ve biyolojik karakterizasyonları yapılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada dünyada turunçgillerde yapılan genetik transformasyon çalışmaları ve bunların sonuçları derlenerek yakın gelecekteki durumu ve ülkemiz açısından önemi tartışılmıştır.

Keywords

• Turunçgiller, genetik mühendisliği, genetik transformasyon, doku kültürü, Biyotik ve abiyotik streslere dayanıklılık,

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