Akdeniz Koşullarında Yetiştirilen Nar’da (Punica granatum) Ölçülen ve Tahmin edilen Evapotranspirasyon Değerlerinin Karşılaştırılması

Abstract

Değişen iklim ve azalan su kaynakları nedeniyle, bitkinin gereksinim duyduğu su miktarını doğru belirleyerek uygun bir sulama programı hazırlamak çok önem arz etmektedir. Bitki su ihtiyacını belirlemek için referans evapotranspirasyon (ET_o) ve ürün katsayılarına (k_c) dayalı FAO metodolojisi tüm dünyada yaygın olarak kullanılmaktadır. Ekonomik açıdan önemli bitkilerin çoğunda, k_c katsayıları belirlenmiştir. Buna karşı ET_o'yu belirlemek için farklı seviye ve düzeylerde çok sayıda eşitlik bulunmaktadır. Belirli bir bölgede yetişen bir bitki için bu eşitlikler arasından en uygun eşitliği seçmek çok önemlidir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, iklimsel verilere dayanan on bir farklı ET_o denklemi (ASCE-StPM, FAO-56PM, 1972-KPen, 1948-Pen, FAO-24Pn, Prs-Tylr, 1957, Makk, 1961-Turc, FAO-24Rd, FAO-24BC ve 1985-Harg) kullanarak narın su ihtiyacının (ET_c) belirlemek ve bunları ölçülen değerle karşılaştırmaktır. En iyi ET_o tahmin eşitliğini belirlemek için, determinasyon katsayısı (R²), tahminin standart hataları (RMSE), göreli hata (RE), ortalama taraflı hata (MBE) ve Willmott indeksini (d) içeren performans kriterleri kullanılmıştır. Araştırmadan elde edilen sonuçlara göre, kombinasyona dayalı ve sıcaklığa dayalı eşitliklerin, bitki su tüketimi değerlerini gereğinden fazla tahmin ettiği belirlenmiştir. En iyi sonuçlar radyasyona dayalı eşitlikler kullanılarak elde edilmiştir Antalya bölgesinde yetişen nar için en iyi ET_o denkleminin Makkink eşitliği (1957-Makk) olduğu belirlenmiştir.

Keywords

• Antalya,Kıyas bitki su tüketimi,Sulama suyu ihtiyacı,Bitki su tüketimi

Comparison of Measured and Estimated Evapotranspiration of Pomegranate Grown Under Mediterranean Conditions

Abstract

Due to the climatic changes and the decreasing water resources, it is very important to determine the correct crop water requirement and schedule an appropriate irrigation. FAO methodology based on reference evapotranspiration (ETo) and crop coefficients (kc) is widely used all over the world to determine crop water requirement. For many of the economically important plants, the kc coefficients have been determined. In contrast, many equations have been developed at different levels of detail to determine ETo. For this reason, it is essential to choose the most suitable ETo equation for a region and a plant. The aim of this study is to determine the crop water requirement (ETc) of the pomegranate using eleven different ETo equations (ASCE-StPM, FAO-56PM, 1972-KPen, 1948-Pen, FAO-24Pn, Prs-Tylr, 1957-Makk, 1961-Turc, FAO-24Rd, FAO-24BC and 1985-Harg) based on climatic data and to compare them with the measured crop evapotranspiration (ETc) value. To determine the best estimation equation of ETo, some performance criteria were used including coefficient of determination (R2), root mean square error (RMSE), relative error (RE), mean bias error (MBE), the Willmott index of agreement (d). According to the obtained results of the study, it was determined that the combination based and temperature based methods overestimated the crop water use. The best results were obtained using radiation-based equations. Makkink model (1957-Makk) was the best ETo equation for pomegranate grown in the Antalya region.

Keywords

• Antalya,Referance Evapotranspiration,Crop Water Requirement,Crop Water Use

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