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The Effect of Fat Content of Ration on Growth Performance and Fatty Acid Composition of Mealworm Larvae (Tenebrio molitor L.)

Year 2017, Volume: 12 Issue: 1, 85 - 91, 30.06.2017

Abstract

Since insect contain high level of protein and fat many species take part in human diet in several countries. Insects can also be used for fish and poultry nutrition. Tenebrio molitor L. can be regarded as a valuable natural feed with rich fat and fatty acids contents. In this study, T. molitor larvae were fed with a ration containing 70% semolina, 20% bran and 10% yeast (control). This ration was also implemented with 3, 5 and 10% fat as treatments. Then the effects of treatments on growth rate and body fat profile of larvae were investigated. Results indicated that increase in dietary fat content induced body fat storage of larvae. However, the increase in ratio oil content has led to the restriction of nutrient and water intake, especially by reducing the mobility of the larvae in the first period. As a consequence, 10% dietary fat caused massive larval deaths. Increasing dietary fat content lead to the decrease in the level of lauric acid (C12: 0), miristic acid (C14: 0), palmitoleic acid (C16: 1), oleic acid (C18: 1) and linolenic acid. The contents of pentadecanoic acid (C15: 0), heptadecanoic acid (C17: 0), heptadecenoic acid (C17: 1) and arachidic acid (C20: 0) were remained unchanged by dietary fat contents but linoleic acid (C18: 2) level was increased when dietary fat content increased in comparison to the control group. In order to increase the body fat content of T. molitor larvae, a dietary fat (<%5) content   could   be used just after 3 weeks of age.

References

  • Aguilar-Miranda, ED., Lopez, MG., Escamilla-Santana, C., Barba de la Rosa, AP., 2002. Characteristics of maize flour tortilla supplemented with ground Tenebrio molitor larvae. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 50 (1), 192–195.
  • Anonim 2002. Fat (Total, Saturated and Unsaturated) In Foods. Hydrolitic Extraction Gas Chromatographic Method First Action 1996 Revised 2001. A.O.A.C. Official Method 996.06. Offical Methods of Analysis of A.O.A.C. International. 41.1.28A.
  • Barker, D.,Marianne PF., and Ellen SD., 1998. Nutrient Composition of Selected Whole Invertebrates. Zoo Biology 17, 123-134.
  • Bligh, EG, ve Dyer, W.J., 1959. A Rapid Method of Total Lipid Extraction and Purification. The Journal Research Council of Canada. 37, 8. 911-917.
  • Durst, P.B. and Shono, K. (2010) Edible forest insects: Exploring new horizons and tradicional practices. In: Forest Insects as Food: Humans Bite Back, FAO of the United Nations Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific, Bangkok, 1-4.
  • Finke, MD., 2002. Complete nutrient composition of commercially raised invertebrates used as food for insectivores. Zoo Biology 21, 269-285.
  • FAO 2010. Forest insects as food: humans bite back. FAO of the United Nations Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific, Bangkok.
  • Ghaly, AE., and Alkoaik, FN. 2009. The yellow mealworm as a novel source of protein. American Journal of Agricultural and Biological Sciences 4:4: 319-331.
  • Johnson, D.V. 2010 The contribution of edible forest insects to human nutrition and forest management. In: Forest Insects as Food: Humans Bite Back, FAO of the United Nations Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific, Bangkok, 5-22.
  • Munyuli Bin Mushambanyi T., and Balezi N., 2002. Utilisation des blattes et des termites comme substituts potentiels de la farine de viande dans l’alimentation des poulets de chair au Sud-Kivu, République Démocratique du Congo. Tropicultura, 10-16.
  • Oonincx, D.G., and Poel A., 2011. Effects of Diet on the Chemical Composition of Migratory Locusts (Locusta migratoria). Zoo Biology, 30, 9 -16.
  • Ramos-Elorduy, J. 1997. Insects: A sustainable source of food? J. Ecol. Food Nut. 36: 247-276.
  • Ramos-Elorduy, J., Pino JM., Rincon F., Marquez C., Escamilla E., and Alvarado M., 1984.Protein content of some edible insects in Mexico. J. Ethnobiol. 4: 61-72.
  • Ramos-Elorduy, J. ; Avila Gonzalez, E. ; Rocha Hernandez, A. ; Pino, J. M., 2002. Use of Tenebrio molitor (Coleoptera:Tenebrionidae) to recycle organic wastes and as feed for broiler chickens. J. Econ. Entomol., 95 (1): 214-220.
  • Ravzanaadii, N., Kim, , S.H., Choi, W.H., Hong, S.J. and Kim N.J., 2012. Nutritional Value of Mealworm, Tenebrio molitor as Food Source. Int. J. Indust. Entomol. 25;1, 93~98.
  • Sánchez-Muros, MJ., de Haro, C., Sanz, A., Trenzado, CE., Villareces, S., Barroso, FG., 2016. Nutritional evaluation of Tenebrio molitor meal as fishmeal substitute for tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) diet. Aquaculture Nutrition 22, 943-955.
  • Siemianowska, E., Kosewska, A., Aljewicz, M.,, Skibniewska, K.A., Polak-Juszczak, L., A. Jarocki, Jędras, M., 2013. Larvae of mealworm (Tenebrio molitor L.) as European novel food. Agricultural Sciences 4:6, 287-291.
  • Sokoloff, A., 1977. The Biology of Tribolium. Vol:3 Oxford Univ. Press.
  • TürKomp 2017. Ulusal Gıda Kompozisyonu Veri Tabanı. www.turkomp.gov.tr/

Rasyon Yağ İçeriğinin Sarı Un Kurdu (Tenebrio molitor L.) Larvalarının Gelişimine ve Vücut Yağ Asitleri Bileşenlerine Etkisi

Year 2017, Volume: 12 Issue: 1, 85 - 91, 30.06.2017

Abstract

Böcekler yüksek oranda protein ve yağ içerirler ve birçok ülkede besin maddesi
olarak kullanılmaktadır. Böcekler aynı zamanda balık ve kanatlılar için potansiyel
bir yem maddesidir. Tenebrio molitor
L. larvaları yüksek yağ içeriğine sahip olmasının yanı sıra yağ asitlerince de
zengindir. Bu çalışmada T. molitor
larvalarının beslenmesinde kullanılan %70 irmik, %20 kepek ve %10 maya içerikli
rasyona, sırasıyla %3, %5 ve %10 oranlarında yağ ilavesi yapılmıştır. Çalışmada,
rasyona yağ ilavesinin, larvaların gelişim hızı ve vücut yağ asit kompozisyonunda
meydana getirdiği değişiklikler kontrol rasyonu ile beslenen larvalara ait
değerler ile karşılaştırılmıştır. Buna göre; rasyondaki yağ  içeriğinin artışı larva vücut yağında da bir
artışa sebep olmuştur. Ancak rasyonun yağ içeriğinin artması, özellikle ilk
dönem larvaların hareketliliğini azaltarakbesin alımlarının kısıtlanmasına yol
açmıştır. Buna bağlı olarak rasyona %10 yağ ilavesi toplu larva ölümleri ile
sonuçlanmıştır. Kontrol grubu larvalar ile karşılaştırıldığında rasyondaki yağ
içeriğinin artışı; laurik asit (C12:0), miristik asit (C14:0), palmitoleik asit
(C16:1), oleik asit (C18:1) ve linolenik asit (C18:3) oranlarında bir azalışa
yol açmıştır. Diğer taraftan, pentadekanoik asit (C15:0), heptadekanoik asit
(C17:0), heptadekenoik asit (C17:1) ve Araşidik asit (C20:0) içerikleri kontrol
gruplarından farksız bulunmuş, linoleik asit (C18:2) oranında ise bir artış
belirlenmiştir. T. molitor
larvalarının vücut yağ içeriğinin arttırılması amacı ile rasyona yağ ilavesinin,
3 haftalık yaştan sonra düşük dozlarda (<%5) yapılması uygun olacaktır.

References

  • Aguilar-Miranda, ED., Lopez, MG., Escamilla-Santana, C., Barba de la Rosa, AP., 2002. Characteristics of maize flour tortilla supplemented with ground Tenebrio molitor larvae. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 50 (1), 192–195.
  • Anonim 2002. Fat (Total, Saturated and Unsaturated) In Foods. Hydrolitic Extraction Gas Chromatographic Method First Action 1996 Revised 2001. A.O.A.C. Official Method 996.06. Offical Methods of Analysis of A.O.A.C. International. 41.1.28A.
  • Barker, D.,Marianne PF., and Ellen SD., 1998. Nutrient Composition of Selected Whole Invertebrates. Zoo Biology 17, 123-134.
  • Bligh, EG, ve Dyer, W.J., 1959. A Rapid Method of Total Lipid Extraction and Purification. The Journal Research Council of Canada. 37, 8. 911-917.
  • Durst, P.B. and Shono, K. (2010) Edible forest insects: Exploring new horizons and tradicional practices. In: Forest Insects as Food: Humans Bite Back, FAO of the United Nations Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific, Bangkok, 1-4.
  • Finke, MD., 2002. Complete nutrient composition of commercially raised invertebrates used as food for insectivores. Zoo Biology 21, 269-285.
  • FAO 2010. Forest insects as food: humans bite back. FAO of the United Nations Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific, Bangkok.
  • Ghaly, AE., and Alkoaik, FN. 2009. The yellow mealworm as a novel source of protein. American Journal of Agricultural and Biological Sciences 4:4: 319-331.
  • Johnson, D.V. 2010 The contribution of edible forest insects to human nutrition and forest management. In: Forest Insects as Food: Humans Bite Back, FAO of the United Nations Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific, Bangkok, 5-22.
  • Munyuli Bin Mushambanyi T., and Balezi N., 2002. Utilisation des blattes et des termites comme substituts potentiels de la farine de viande dans l’alimentation des poulets de chair au Sud-Kivu, République Démocratique du Congo. Tropicultura, 10-16.
  • Oonincx, D.G., and Poel A., 2011. Effects of Diet on the Chemical Composition of Migratory Locusts (Locusta migratoria). Zoo Biology, 30, 9 -16.
  • Ramos-Elorduy, J. 1997. Insects: A sustainable source of food? J. Ecol. Food Nut. 36: 247-276.
  • Ramos-Elorduy, J., Pino JM., Rincon F., Marquez C., Escamilla E., and Alvarado M., 1984.Protein content of some edible insects in Mexico. J. Ethnobiol. 4: 61-72.
  • Ramos-Elorduy, J. ; Avila Gonzalez, E. ; Rocha Hernandez, A. ; Pino, J. M., 2002. Use of Tenebrio molitor (Coleoptera:Tenebrionidae) to recycle organic wastes and as feed for broiler chickens. J. Econ. Entomol., 95 (1): 214-220.
  • Ravzanaadii, N., Kim, , S.H., Choi, W.H., Hong, S.J. and Kim N.J., 2012. Nutritional Value of Mealworm, Tenebrio molitor as Food Source. Int. J. Indust. Entomol. 25;1, 93~98.
  • Sánchez-Muros, MJ., de Haro, C., Sanz, A., Trenzado, CE., Villareces, S., Barroso, FG., 2016. Nutritional evaluation of Tenebrio molitor meal as fishmeal substitute for tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) diet. Aquaculture Nutrition 22, 943-955.
  • Siemianowska, E., Kosewska, A., Aljewicz, M.,, Skibniewska, K.A., Polak-Juszczak, L., A. Jarocki, Jędras, M., 2013. Larvae of mealworm (Tenebrio molitor L.) as European novel food. Agricultural Sciences 4:6, 287-291.
  • Sokoloff, A., 1977. The Biology of Tribolium. Vol:3 Oxford Univ. Press.
  • TürKomp 2017. Ulusal Gıda Kompozisyonu Veri Tabanı. www.turkomp.gov.tr/
There are 19 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Zootechny (Other)
Journal Section Research
Authors

Abdullah Nuri Özsoy This is me

Davut Uysal This is me

Selami Gökgöl This is me

Publication Date June 30, 2017
Submission Date March 23, 2017
Acceptance Date June 19, 2017
Published in Issue Year 2017 Volume: 12 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Özsoy, A. N., Uysal, D., & Gökgöl, S. (2017). Rasyon Yağ İçeriğinin Sarı Un Kurdu (Tenebrio molitor L.) Larvalarının Gelişimine ve Vücut Yağ Asitleri Bileşenlerine Etkisi. Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 12(1), 85-91.

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