Dijital Müdahalelerin, Fiziksel Aktivite Seviyesi Üzerindeki Etkileri Hakkında Litaretür Değerlendirmesi

Abstract

Amaç: Dijital müdahaleler ile davranış değişimi günümüzdeki birçok alanda karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Bu çalışma; uzun vadede etkili fiziksel aktivite seviyesini artırıcı dijital müdahale tasarımının, altyapı çalışması için yapılan literatür değerlendirmesidir. Yöntem: Çalışma üç aşamada gerçekleştirildi. Birinci aşamada literatür taraması yaparak, herhangi bir dijital müdahale adımı içeren veya fiziksel aktiviye seviyesini artırmayı amaçlayan çalışmalar incelendi. Dijital müdahaleler mail, bildirim, sms gibi teknik kısıtlara veya yeteneklere bağlı çeşitlilik göstermektedir. İkinci aşamada, davranış değişimi teoremleri ile kurgulanan müdahaleleri konu eden çalışmalar öz belirleme teorisi (Self Determination), oyunlaştırma (gamification), ve sosyal medya etkileri 3 ana başlıkta incelendi. Son aşamada ise bu ana başlıkta çıkan çalışmaların teknoloji dünyasındaki karşıklıkları ile eşleştirildi. Bulgu: Bu eleme yöntemi sonucunda, otuz çalışmnın detaylı incelenmesine neden olmuştur. Öz belirleme teorisi (Self Determination), oyunlaştırma (gamification), ve sosyal medya etkileri başlıkları altında fiziksel aktivite üzerinde yapılan çalışmaların daha etkin olduğu sonuçlarına rastlamıştır. Sonuç: İncelenen kaynaklar dayanak gösterilerek çıkarılan sonuç ve değerlendirmeleri içermektedir. Buradaki sonuçların değerlendirilmesi ve gelecek çalışmalara yapılan atıflar ile herhangi bir yazılımda kullanılabilecek “Kapsamlı Dijital Müdahale Modeli” tasarlanmıştır.

Keywords

• Dijital müdahaleler
• Fiziksel aktivite
• Öz belirleme
• Sosyal medya
• Oyunlaştırma

Review on The Effects of Dıgıtal Interventions on Physical Activity Level

Abstract

Objective: Behavior change with digital interventions appears in many areas today. This work is the literature review of the digital intervention design that increases the level of effective physical activity in the long term. Method: The study has three stages. In the first stage, the studies that included any digital intervention steps or aimed to increase the level of physical activity were examined by searching the literature. The digital interventions depending on technical constraints or capabilities such as mail, notification, and SMS. In the second stage, the studies on the interventions constructed with behavioral change theorems were examined in 3 main titles. At the last stage, it was matched with the features of the software and these titles. Finding: As a result of this screening method, it caused a detailed examination of thirty studies. Have found that the studies on physical activity were more effective under the headings of self-determination, gamification, and social media effects. Conclusion: The sources examined include the conclusions and evaluations drawn on the basis. With the evaluation of the results here and references to future studies, the “Comprehensive Digital Intervention Model” which has been designed in this study can be used in any software.

Keywords

• Digital Interventions
• Physical Activity
• Self-Determination
• Social Media
• Gamification

References

1. Afshin, A., Babalola, D., Mclean, M., Yu, Z., Ma, W., Chen, C. Y., ... & Mozaffarian, D. (2016). Information technology and lifestyle: a systematic evaluation of internet and mobile interventions for improving diet, physical activity, obesity, tobacco, and alcohol use. Journal of the American Heart Association, 5(9), e003058.
2. Atenz, A. A. (2001). A review of empirically based physical activity program for middle aged to older adults. Journal of Aging and Physical Activity, 9. 2001: 38- 55.
3. Bort-Roig, J., Gilson, N. D., Puig-Ribera, A., Contreras, R. S., & Trost, S. G. (2014). Measuring and Influencing Physical Activity with Smartphone Technology: A Systematic Review. Sports Medicine, 44(5), 671–686.
4. Conn, V. S., Hafdahl, A. R., & Mehr, D. R. (2011). Interventions to increase physical activity among healthy adults: meta-analysis of outcomes. American journal of public health, 101(4), 751­–758.
5. Craig, C.L., Marshall, A.L., Sjostrom, M., et al. (2003). International physical activity questionnaire: 12-country reliability and validity. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2003; 35:1381-1395.
6. Duncan, M., Vandelanotte, C., Kolt, G. S., Rosenkranz, R. R., Caperchione, C. M., George, E. S., ... & Noakes, M. (2014). Effectiveness of a web-and mobile phone-based intervention to promote physical activity and healthy eating in middle-aged males: randomized controlled trial of the ManUp study. Journal of medical Internet research, 16(6), e136.
7. Edwards, E.A., Lumsden, J., Rivas, C., et al (2016). Gamification for health promotion: systematic review of behaviour change techniques in smartphone apps BMJ Open; 6: e012447. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-012447
8. Glynn, L. G., Hayes, P. S., Casey, M., Glynn, F., Alvarez-Iglesias, A., Newell, J., et al. (2014). Effectiveness of a Smartphone Application to Promote Physical Activity in Primary Care: the SMART MOVE Randomised Controlled Trial. British Journal of General Practice, 64(624), 384–391.

9. Higgins, J. P. (2016). Smartphone Applications for Patients' Health and Fitness. The American Journal of Medicine, 129(1), 11–19.
10. Hunter, F., McAneney, H., Davis, M., Mark, T., Thomas, V., & Kee, F. (2015). “Hidden” Social Networks in Behaviour Change Interventions. American Journal of Public Health, Vol 105, No. 3
11. Kirwan, M., Duncan, M. J., Vandelanotte, C., & Mummery, W. K. (2012). Using Smartphone Technology to Monitor Physical Activity in the 10,000 Steps Program: A Matched Case–Control Trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 14(2), e55–10.
12. Kohl, H. W., Craig, C. L., Lambert, E. V., Inoue, S., Alkandari, J. R., Leetongin, G., ... & Lancet Physical Activity Series Working Group. (2012). The pandemic of physical inactivity: global action for public health. The Lancet, 380(9838), 294­–305.
13. Kristen, M., Polzien, J., Jakicic, M., Deborah, F., and Amy D. (2007). The Efficacy of a Technology-based System in a Short-term Behavioral Weight Loss Intervention. Obesity, vol. 15, no. 4, 2007, pp. 825–830., doi:10.1038/oby.2007.584.
14. Lee, I. M., Shiroma, E. J., Lobelo, F., Puska, P., Blair, S. N., Katzmarzyk, P. T., & Lancet Physical Activity Series Working Group. (2012). Effect of physical inactivity on major non-communicable diseases worldwide: an analysis of burden of disease and life expectancy. The lancet, 380(9838), 219­–229.
15. Maher, C., Ferguson, M., Vandelanotte, C., Plotnikoff, R., Bourderaudhuij, I., Thomas, S., Nelson, K., Olds, T. (2015). A Web Based, Social Networking Physical Activity Intervention For Insufficiently Active Adults Delivered via Facebook App: Randomized Controlled Trial, Journal of Medical Internet Research 17(7).
16. Matthew, R. Bicea, J., Ballb W., and McClaranb, S. (2015), Technology and physical activity motivation. International Society of Sport Psychology, 14(4), 295-304.
17. Michael, B. (2000). Assessment of Physical Activity: An International Perspective, Research Quarterly forExercise and Sport, Vol.71, No.2, pp. 114-120
18. Middelweerd, A., Mollee, J. S., Van Der Wal, C. N., Brug, J., & Velde, te, S. J. (2014). Apps to promote physical activity among adults: a review and content analysis. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 11(1), e4–9.
19. Murray, E., Hekler, E. B., Andersson, G., Collins, L. M., Doherty, A., Hollis, C., ... & Wyatt, J. C. (2016) Evaluating Digital Health Interventions. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 51(5), 843–851.
20. Payne, H. E., Lister, C., West, J. H., & Bernhardt, J. M. (2015). Behavioral Functionality of Mobile Apps in Health Interventions: A Systematic Review of the Literature. JMIR mHealth and uHealth, 3(1), e20-9.
21. Payne, H. E., Moxley, V. B., & MacDonald, E. (2015). Health Behavior Theory in Physical Activity Game Apps: A Content Analysis. JMIR Serious Games, 3(2), e4–13.
22. Rebar, A. L., Boles, C., Burton, N. W., Duncan, M. J., Short, C. E., Happell, B., ... & Vandelanotte, C. (2016). Healthy mind, healthy body: A randomized trial testing the efficacy of a computer-tailored vs. interactive web-based intervention for increasing physical activity and
23. Richards, J., Hillsdon, M., Thorogood, M., & Foster, C. (2013). Face-to-face interventions for promoting physical activity. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews.
24. Robson, K., Plangger K., Kietzman, J., McCarthy, I., Pitt, L. (2015). Is it all about game? Understanding the principles of gamification. Kelley School of Business, Indiana University. Published by Elsevier Inc. Business Horizons Volume 58, Issue 4, July–August 2015, Pages 411-420.
25. Rote, A., Klos, L., Brondino, M., Harley, A., Swartz, A. (2015). The Efficacy of a Walking Intervention Using Social Media to Increase Physical Activity: A Randomized Trial, Journel of Physical Activity Health, 2015, 12 (Suppl 1), S18-S25.
26. Sallis, J. F., & Carlson, J. A. (2015). Physical Activity: Numerous Benefits and Effective Interventions. Agency for Healthcare Research & Quality. Retrieved 18 November 2016, from http://www.ahrq.gov/professionals/education/curriculum-tools/population-health/sallis.html.
27. Stretten, A., (2018). The Three Principles of Social Media: Content, Contacts and Conversation. Retrieved 1 March 2019 from https://www.frontierconsulting.co/blog/the-three-principles-of-social-media/.
28. Webb, T., Joseph, J., Yardley, L., & Michie, S. (2010). Using the internet to promote health behavior change: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the impact of theoretical basis, use of behavior change techniques, and mode of delivery on efficacy. Journal of medical Internet research, 12(1), e4.
29. Weman-Josefsson, K., Fröberg, K., Karlsson, S., Lindwall, M. (2015). Mechanisms in Self-Determined Exercise Motivation: Effects of a Theory Informed Pilot Intervention. Current Psychology, 36(1), 90-100. doi:10.1007/s12144-015-9388-9.
30. Zhang, J., Brackbill, D., Yang, S., Becker, J., Herbert, N., Centola, D. (2016). Support or Competition? How online social increase physical activity: A randomized controlled trial. Preventive Medicine Reports, 4 (2016) 453-458.
31. Zhao, J., Freeman, B., & Li, M. (2016). Can Mobile Phone Apps Influence People’s Health Behavior Change? An Evidence Review. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 18(11), e287–12.