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Sublingual Varis Prevalansı ve Olası Etiyolojik Faktörlerin Değerlendirilmesi

Year 2022, , 763 - 768, 26.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.15311/selcukdentj.1039369

Abstract

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı; sublingual varis (SLV) görülme prevalansını değerlendirmek ve yaş, cinsiyet, hipertansiyon, kalp-damar hastalıkları, kronik öksürük, diyabet ve diğer sistemik hastalıklar, alt ekstremitelerde varis varlığı, hareketli protez kullanımı, sigara kullanımı gibi SLV oluşumu ile daha önce önerilen bazı potansiyel risk faktörleri arasındaki ilişkiyi araştırmaktır.
Gereç ve Yöntemler: Bu araştırmaya 362’si kadın (%58.3), 259’u erkek (%41.7) olmak üzere toplamda 621 birey dahil edilmiştir. Katılımcılar rutin klinik muayene için başvuran, sözlü ve yazılı bilgilendirme sonucu çalışmaya katılmayı kabul eden ve çalışmaya dahil edilme kriterlerini sağlayan bireylerdir. Dilin lateral ve ventral yüzeylerden fotoğrafları alındıktan sonra bireylerin demografik ve medikal bilgilerine kör iki ayrı gözlemci tarafından SLV varlığı izlenemeyen ve az izlenenler 0, orta ve ileri derecede izlenenler ise 1 olarak skorlanmıştır. Gözlemciler arası uyumu değerlendirmek için Kappa testi, verilerin analizinde ise pearson ki- kare ve lojistik regresyon analizi uygulanmıştır.
Bulgular: Gözlemciler arasındaki uyum Kappa testiyle analiz edilmiş ve çok yüksek uyum tespit edilmiştir (κ=0.918). Çalışmaya dahil edilmiş 621 bireyin 155’inde (%24.9) orta ve ileri derecede SLV olduğu görülmüştür. Cinsiyetler arasında SLV görülme prevalansı açısından bir fark belirlenmezken (p=0.278), yaşla birlikte artış gösterdiği tespit edilmiştir (p=0.000). SLV hipertansiyon (p=0.048), kronik öksürük varlığı (p=0.009) ve alt ekstremitede varis varlığı (p<0.05) ile de ilişkili olarak tespit edilmiştir.
Sonuç: Bu çalışmada SLV varlığının yaş, hipertansiyon, alt ekstremitede varis varlığı ve kronik öksürükle ilşkili olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır. SLV ile ilgili risk faktörlerinin daha iyi anlaşılmasının altta yatan sistemik faktörlerin erken teşhisine katkıda bulunabilmesi nedeniyle önemli olduğu düşünülmektedir.

References

  • Accordo A, Pascazio L, Costantinides F, Gorza F, Silveri G. Influence of hypertension and other risk factors on the onset of sublingual varices. BMC Oral Health 2021;21(1):235-44.
  • Lazos JP, Piemonte ED, Panico RL. Oral varix: a review. Gerodont 2015;32(2):82-9.
  • Akkaya N, Ölmez D, Özkan G. Evaluation of the factors associated with sublingual varices: a descriptive clinical study. Folia Morphol 2019;78(2):325-30.
  • Ettinger RL, Manderson RD. A clinical study of sublingual varices. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1974;38(4):540-45.
  • Hedström L, Bergh H. Sublingual varices in relation to smoking and cardiovascular diseases. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2010;48(2):136-8.
  • Ghom AG, Ghom SA. Textbook of Oral Medicine. 3th ed. New Delhi: Jaypee Brothers. 2014.
  • Nevalainen MJ, Närhi TO, Ainamo A. Oral mucosal lesions and oral hygiene habits in the home-living elderly. J Oral Rehabil 1997;24(5):332-37.
  • Al-Shayyab MH, Baqain ZH. Sublingual varices in relation to smoking, cardiovascular diseases, denture wearing and consuming vitamin rich foods. Saudi Med J. 2015;36(3): 310-15.
  • Kleinman HZ. Lingual varicosities. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1967;23(4):546-48.
  • Rappaport I, Shiffman MA. The significance of oral angiomas. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1964;17:263-70.
  • Koesard E, Ofner F, D’Abrera VS. The histopathology of caviar tongue. Ageing changes in the undersurface of the tongue. Dermatologica 1970;140(5):318-22.
  • Hedström L, Albrektsson M, Bergh H. Is there a connection between sublingual varices and hypertension? BMC Oral Health 2015;15:78. doi: 10.1186/s12903-015-0054-2.
  • Lynge Pedersen AM, Nauntofte B, Smidt D, et al. Oral mucosal lesions in older people: relation to salivary secretion, systemic diseases and medications. Oral Dis. 2015; 21(6): 721-29.
  • Jassar P, Jaramillo M, Nunez DA. Base of tongue varices associated with portal hypertension. Post-grad Med J. 2000;76(899):576-77.
  • Bean WB. The caviar lesion under the tongue. Trans Am Clin Climatol Assoc. 1952; 64:40-9; 49-51.
  • Vasconcelos BC, Novaes M, Sandrini FA, Filho AW, Coimbra LS. Prevalence of oral mucosa lesions in diabetic patients: a preliminary study. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol. 2008; 74(3): 423-28.
  • Andrews J, Letcher M, Brook M. Vitamin C supplementation in the elderly: a 17-month trial in an old persons’ home. Br Med J. 1969;2(5654):416-8.
  • Bhaskar SN. Oral lesions in the aged population. A survey of 785 cases. Geriatrics 1968;23(10):137-49.
  • Ferreira RC, Magalhães CS, Moreira AN. Oral mucosal alterations among the institutionalized elderly in Brazil. Braz Oral Res 2010;24(3):296-302.
  • Corbet EF, Holmgren CJ, Philipsen HP. Oral mucosal lesions in 65-74-year-old Hong Kong Chinese. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 1994;22(5 Pt 2):392-5. PMID: 7835037.
  • Whelan EM. Smoking and peripheral vascular disease. In: American Council on Science and Health. Cigarettes: what the warning label doesn’t tell you. New York: Prometheus Books; 1997. p. 35-9.
  • Kroeger K, Ose C, Rudofsky G, Roesener J, Hirche H. Risk factors for varicose veins. Int Angiol 2004;23(1):29-34.
  • Jainkittivong A, Aneksuk V, Langlais RP. Oral mucosal conditions in elderly dental patients. Oral Dis. 2002;8(4):218-23
  • Kaplan I, Moskona D. A clinical survey of oral soft tissue lesions in institutionalized geriatric patients in Israel. Gerodontology 1990;9(2):59-62.
  • Mozafari PM, Dalirsani Z, Delavarian Z, Amirchaghmaghi M, Shakeri MT, Esfandyari A, et al. Prevalence of oral mucosal lesions in institutionalized elderly people in Mashhad, Northeast Iran. Gerodontology. 2012;29(2):e930-34.
  • Rabiei M, Kasemnezhad E, Masoudi rad H, Shakiba M, Pourkay H. Prevalence of oral and dental disorders in institutionalised elderly people in Rasht, Iran. Gerodontology. 2010;27(3):174-7.
  • Miles AE. Sans teeth, changes in oral tissues with advancing age. Proc R Soc Med 1972;65(9):801-6.
  • Mumcu G, Cimilli H, Sur H, Hayran O, Atalay T. Prevalence and distribution of oral lesions: a cross-sectional study in Turkey. Oral Dis. 2005;11(2):81-7.
  • Kovac-Kovacic M, Skaleric U. The prevalence of oral mucosal lesions in a population in Ljubljana, Slovenia. J Oral Pathol Med 2000;29(7):331–5.
  • Neville BW, Damm DD, Allen CM, Chi A. Oral & Maxillofacial Pathology, 4th ed. Philadelphia, USA: WB Saunders.;2002.
  • Wolff A, Ship JA, Tylenda CA, Fox PC, Baum BJ. Oral mucosal appearance is unchanged in healthy, different-aged persons. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1991;71(5):569-72.
  • Freitas JB, Gomez RS, De Abreu MH, Ferreira E Ferreira E. Relationship between the use of full dentures and mucosal alterations among elderly Brazilians. J Oral Rehabil 2008;35(5):370-4.
Year 2022, , 763 - 768, 26.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.15311/selcukdentj.1039369

Abstract

References

  • Accordo A, Pascazio L, Costantinides F, Gorza F, Silveri G. Influence of hypertension and other risk factors on the onset of sublingual varices. BMC Oral Health 2021;21(1):235-44.
  • Lazos JP, Piemonte ED, Panico RL. Oral varix: a review. Gerodont 2015;32(2):82-9.
  • Akkaya N, Ölmez D, Özkan G. Evaluation of the factors associated with sublingual varices: a descriptive clinical study. Folia Morphol 2019;78(2):325-30.
  • Ettinger RL, Manderson RD. A clinical study of sublingual varices. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1974;38(4):540-45.
  • Hedström L, Bergh H. Sublingual varices in relation to smoking and cardiovascular diseases. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2010;48(2):136-8.
  • Ghom AG, Ghom SA. Textbook of Oral Medicine. 3th ed. New Delhi: Jaypee Brothers. 2014.
  • Nevalainen MJ, Närhi TO, Ainamo A. Oral mucosal lesions and oral hygiene habits in the home-living elderly. J Oral Rehabil 1997;24(5):332-37.
  • Al-Shayyab MH, Baqain ZH. Sublingual varices in relation to smoking, cardiovascular diseases, denture wearing and consuming vitamin rich foods. Saudi Med J. 2015;36(3): 310-15.
  • Kleinman HZ. Lingual varicosities. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1967;23(4):546-48.
  • Rappaport I, Shiffman MA. The significance of oral angiomas. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1964;17:263-70.
  • Koesard E, Ofner F, D’Abrera VS. The histopathology of caviar tongue. Ageing changes in the undersurface of the tongue. Dermatologica 1970;140(5):318-22.
  • Hedström L, Albrektsson M, Bergh H. Is there a connection between sublingual varices and hypertension? BMC Oral Health 2015;15:78. doi: 10.1186/s12903-015-0054-2.
  • Lynge Pedersen AM, Nauntofte B, Smidt D, et al. Oral mucosal lesions in older people: relation to salivary secretion, systemic diseases and medications. Oral Dis. 2015; 21(6): 721-29.
  • Jassar P, Jaramillo M, Nunez DA. Base of tongue varices associated with portal hypertension. Post-grad Med J. 2000;76(899):576-77.
  • Bean WB. The caviar lesion under the tongue. Trans Am Clin Climatol Assoc. 1952; 64:40-9; 49-51.
  • Vasconcelos BC, Novaes M, Sandrini FA, Filho AW, Coimbra LS. Prevalence of oral mucosa lesions in diabetic patients: a preliminary study. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol. 2008; 74(3): 423-28.
  • Andrews J, Letcher M, Brook M. Vitamin C supplementation in the elderly: a 17-month trial in an old persons’ home. Br Med J. 1969;2(5654):416-8.
  • Bhaskar SN. Oral lesions in the aged population. A survey of 785 cases. Geriatrics 1968;23(10):137-49.
  • Ferreira RC, Magalhães CS, Moreira AN. Oral mucosal alterations among the institutionalized elderly in Brazil. Braz Oral Res 2010;24(3):296-302.
  • Corbet EF, Holmgren CJ, Philipsen HP. Oral mucosal lesions in 65-74-year-old Hong Kong Chinese. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 1994;22(5 Pt 2):392-5. PMID: 7835037.
  • Whelan EM. Smoking and peripheral vascular disease. In: American Council on Science and Health. Cigarettes: what the warning label doesn’t tell you. New York: Prometheus Books; 1997. p. 35-9.
  • Kroeger K, Ose C, Rudofsky G, Roesener J, Hirche H. Risk factors for varicose veins. Int Angiol 2004;23(1):29-34.
  • Jainkittivong A, Aneksuk V, Langlais RP. Oral mucosal conditions in elderly dental patients. Oral Dis. 2002;8(4):218-23
  • Kaplan I, Moskona D. A clinical survey of oral soft tissue lesions in institutionalized geriatric patients in Israel. Gerodontology 1990;9(2):59-62.
  • Mozafari PM, Dalirsani Z, Delavarian Z, Amirchaghmaghi M, Shakeri MT, Esfandyari A, et al. Prevalence of oral mucosal lesions in institutionalized elderly people in Mashhad, Northeast Iran. Gerodontology. 2012;29(2):e930-34.
  • Rabiei M, Kasemnezhad E, Masoudi rad H, Shakiba M, Pourkay H. Prevalence of oral and dental disorders in institutionalised elderly people in Rasht, Iran. Gerodontology. 2010;27(3):174-7.
  • Miles AE. Sans teeth, changes in oral tissues with advancing age. Proc R Soc Med 1972;65(9):801-6.
  • Mumcu G, Cimilli H, Sur H, Hayran O, Atalay T. Prevalence and distribution of oral lesions: a cross-sectional study in Turkey. Oral Dis. 2005;11(2):81-7.
  • Kovac-Kovacic M, Skaleric U. The prevalence of oral mucosal lesions in a population in Ljubljana, Slovenia. J Oral Pathol Med 2000;29(7):331–5.
  • Neville BW, Damm DD, Allen CM, Chi A. Oral & Maxillofacial Pathology, 4th ed. Philadelphia, USA: WB Saunders.;2002.
  • Wolff A, Ship JA, Tylenda CA, Fox PC, Baum BJ. Oral mucosal appearance is unchanged in healthy, different-aged persons. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1991;71(5):569-72.
  • Freitas JB, Gomez RS, De Abreu MH, Ferreira E Ferreira E. Relationship between the use of full dentures and mucosal alterations among elderly Brazilians. J Oral Rehabil 2008;35(5):370-4.
There are 32 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Dentistry
Journal Section Research
Authors

Derya İçöz 0000-0001-8043-288X

Gülfem Özlü Uçan 0000-0002-0720-3447

Burak Kerem Apaydın 0000-0003-2621-4704

Rıdvan Karakurt 0000-0003-0775-2363

Publication Date December 26, 2022
Submission Date December 21, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2022

Cite

Vancouver İçöz D, Özlü Uçan G, Apaydın BK, Karakurt R. Sublingual Varis Prevalansı ve Olası Etiyolojik Faktörlerin Değerlendirilmesi. Selcuk Dent J. 2022;9(3):763-8.