Effect of Non-Thermal Plasma Treatment on Shear Bond Strength Between Monolithic Zirconia and Resin Cement

Year 2022, , 458 - 464, 24.08.2022

Tuba Yılmaz Savaş , Ceyda Akın

https://doi.org/10.15311/selcukdentj.1133680

Abstract

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different plasma gases (argon and oxygen), primer, and sandblasting applications on the shear bond strength between monolithic zirconia and self-adhesive resin cement.
Methods: Fifty monolithic zirconia discs were prepared and sintered. The zirconia discs were randomly divided into five groups according to surface treatments: Control (no surface treatment was applied), Sandblasting (sandblasting with 50-μm Al2O3), Primer (a universal ceramic primer application), Oxygen Plasma (10 minutes oxygen-plasma treatment) and Argon Plasma (10 minutes argon-plasma treatment). A dual-cure resin cement was applied to the specimens, and a thermal cycling process was done for 5500 cycles. The shear bond strength test was performed on a universal testing machine at a speed of 1 mm/min. Data was analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey HSD post-hoc tests with a significance level of 0.05.
Results: A statistically significant difference was found between the mean shear bond strength values among the groups (P<0.001). Sandblasting and Primer groups had the highest bond strengths in comparison to the other groups, although there was no significant difference between them (P>0.05). Oxygen and Argon Plasma groups showed higher bond strength values compared with the Control group (P<0.001), however, showed lower values than the Sandblasting and Primer groups (P<0.05). No significant difference was found between the plasma groups (P>0.05).
Conclusion: Plasma application significantly improved the bonding between resin and zirconia, but this improvement was not at the level of sandblasting and primer applications. Primer and sandblasting treatments can be utilized as alternatives to each other.

Keywords

Surface treatment, Plasma, Sandblasting, Primer, Zirconia

Termal Olmayan Plazma Uygulamasının Monolitik Zirkonya ile Rezin Siman Arasındaki Makaslama Bağlanma Dayanımına Etkisi

Abstract

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, farklı plazma tipleri (argon ve oksijen), primer ve kumlama uygulamalarının monolitik zirkonya ile self-adeziv rezin siman arasındaki makaslama bağlanma dayanımına etkisinin incelenmesidir.
Gereç ve Yöntemler: Elli adet monolitik zirkonya disk hazırlandı ve sinterlendi. Zirkonya diskler uygulanacak yüzey işlemine göre rastgele beş gruba ayrıldı: Kontrol (herhangi bir yüzey işlemi uygulanmadı), Kumlama (50 μm Al2O3 ile kumlama), Primer (universal seramik primer uygulaması), Oksjen Plazma (10 dakika oksijen plazma uygulaması) ve Argon Plazma (10 dakika argon plazma uygulaması). Örneklere dual-cure bir rezin siman uygulandı ve örneklere 5500 devir termal siklus işlemi yapıldı. Makaslama bağlanma dayanımı testi 1 mm/dak hızında universal bir test cihazında gerçekleştirildi. Veriler tek yönlü ANOVA ve Tukey HSD post-hoc testleri kullanılarak 0.05 anlamlılık düzeyinde analiz edildi.
Bulgular: Gruplar arasındaki ortalama makaslama bağlanma dayanımı değerleri arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark bulundu (P<0.001). Kumlama ve Primer grupları diğer gruplara kıyasla en yüksek bağlanma dayanımı değerlerini gösterdi ancak aralarında fark bulunmadı (P>0.05). Oksijen ve Argon Plazma grupları Kontrol grubuna göre daha yüksek ancak Kumlama ve Primer gruplarına kıyasla daha düşük bağlanma dayanımı değerleri gösterdi (P<0.001). Plazma grupları arasında anlamlı bir fark bulunmadı (P>0.05).
Sonuç: Plazma uygulaması rezin ile zirkonya arasındaki bağlantıyı arttırmıştır ancak bu artış kumlama ve primer uygulamaları seviyesinde olmamıştır. Primer ve kumlama uygulamaları birbirine alternatif yöntemler olarak kullanılabilir.

Keywords

Yüzey işlemi, Plazma, Kumlama, Primer, Zirkonya

References

• 1. Denry I, Kelly JR. State of the art of zirconia for dental applications. Dent Mater. 2008;24:299-307.
• 2. Tabatabaian F. Color in zirconia-based restorations and related factors: A literature review. J Prosthodont. 2018;27:201-11.
• 3. Tabatabaian F. Color aspect of monolithic zirconia restorations: A review of the literature. J Prosthodont. 2019;28:276-87.
• 4. Ghoveizi R, Parsirad R, Tavakolizadeh S, Beyabanaki E. Effect of different Nd:YAG laser power outputs on bond strength of resin cement to zirconia in comparison to sandblasting. J Lasers Med Sci. 2021;12:e6.
• 5. Moon J-E, Kim S-H, Lee J-B, Han J-S, Yeo I-S, Ha S-R. Effects of airborne-particle abrasion protocol choice on the surface characteristics of monolithic zirconia materials and the shear bond strength of resin cement. Ceram Int. 2016;42:1552-62.
• 6. Elsaka SE. Influence of surface treatments on the bond strength of resin cements to monolithic zirconia. J Adhes Dent. 2016;18:387-95.
• 7. Mahmoodi N, Hooshmand T, Heidari S, Khoshro K. Effect of sandblasting, silica coating, and laser treatment on the microtensile bond strength of a dental zirconia ceramic to resin cements. Lasers Med Sci. 2016;31:205-11.
• 8. Liu YC, Hsieh JP, Chen YC, Kang LL, Hwang CS, Chuang SF. Promoting porcelain-zirconia bonding using different atmospheric pressure gas plasmas. Dent Mater. 2018;34:1188-98.
• 9. Okada M, Taketa H, Torii Y, Irie M, Matsumoto T. Optimal sandblasting conditions for conventional-type yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystals. Dent Mater. 2019;35:169-75.
• 10. Chintapalli RK, Mestra Rodriguez A, Garcia Marro F, Anglada M. Effect of sandblasting and residual stress on strength of zirconia for restorative dentistry applications. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater. 2014;29:126-37.
• 11. Lumkemann N, Eichberger M, Stawarczyk B. Different surface modifications combined with universal adhesives: the impact on the bonding properties of zirconia to composite resin cement. Clin Oral Investig. 2019;23:3941-50.
• 12. Ito Y, Okawa T, Fukumoto T, Tsurumi A, Tatsuta M, Fujii T ve ark. Influence of atmospheric pressure low-temperature plasma treatment on the shear bond strength between zirconia and resin cement. J Prosthodont Res. 2016;60:289-93.
• 13. Vilas Boas Fernandes Junior V, Barbosa Dantas DC, Bresciani E, Rocha Lima Huhtala MF. Evaluation of the bond strength and characteristics of zirconia after different surface treatments. J Prosthet Dent. 2018;120:955-9.
• 14. Hallmann L, Ulmer P, Wille S, Polonskyi O, Kobel S, Trottenberg T ve ark. Effect of surface treatments on the properties and morphological change of dental zirconia. J Prosthet Dent. 2016;115:341-9.
• 15. Seabra B, Arantes-Oliveira S, Portugal J. Influence of multimode universal adhesives and zirconia primer application techniques on zirconia repair. J Prosthet Dent. 2014;112:182-7.
• 16. Steiner R, Heiss‐Kisielewsky I, Schwarz V, Schnabl D, Dumfahrt H, Laimer J ve ark. Zirconia primers improve the shear bond strength of dental zirconia. J Prosthodont. 2020;29:62-8.
• 17. Vechiato-Filho AJ, Matos AO, Landers R, Goiato MC, Rangel EC, De Souza GM ve ark. Surface analysis and shear bond strength of zirconia on resin cements after non-thermal plasma treatment and/or primer application for metallic alloys. Mater Sci Eng C. 2017;72:284-92.
• 18. Ahn J-J, Kim D-S, Bae E-B, Kim G-C, Jeong C-M, Huh J-B ve ark. Effect of non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasma (NTP) and zirconia primer treatment on shear bond strength between Y-TZP and resin cement. Materials. 2020;13:3934.
• 19. Kern M, Barloi A, Yang B. Surface conditioning influences zirconia ceramic bonding. J Dent Res. 2009;88:817-22.
• 20. Seabra B, Arantes-Oliveira S, Portugal J. Influence of multimode universal adhesives and zirconia primer application techniques on zirconia repair. J Prosthet Dent. 2014;112:182-7.
• 21. Da Silva BTF, Trevelin LT, Teixeira FDS, Salvadori MC, Cesar PF, Bona Matos A. Non-thermal plasma increase bond strength of zirconia to a resin cement. Braz Dent Sci. 2018;21:210-9.
• 22. Chen M, Zhang Y, Driver MS, Caruso AN, Yu Q, Wang Y. Surface modification of several dental substrates by non-thermal, atmospheric plasma brush. Dent Mater. 2013;29:871-80.
• 23. Chu PK, Chen J, Wang L, Huang N. Plasma-surface modification of biomaterials. Mater Sci Eng R Rep. 2002;36:143-206.
• 24. Wu CC, Wei CK, Ho CC, Ding SJ. Enhanced hydrophilicity and biocompatibility of dental zirconia ceramics by oxygen plasma treatment. Materials (Basel). 2015;8:684-99.
• 25. Yan M, Yang C-C, Chen Y-H, Ding S-J. Oxygen plasma improved shear strength of bonding between zirconia and composite resin. Coatings. 2020;10.
• 26. Elias AB, Simao RA, Prado M, Cesar PF, Botelho Dos Santos G, Moreira da Silva E. Effect of different times of nonthermal argon plasma treatment on the microtensile bond strength of self-adhesive resin cement to yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystal ceramic. J Prosthet Dent. 2019;121:485-91.
• 27. Park C, Yoo SH, Park SW, Yun KD, Ji MK, Shin JH ve ark. The effect of plasma on shear bond strength between resin cement and colored zirconia. J Adv Prosthodont. 2017;9:118-23.
• 28. Kim DS, Ahn JJ, Bae EB, Kim GC, Jeong CM, Huh JB et al. Influence of non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasma treatment on shear bond strength between Y-TZP and self-adhesive resin cement. Materials (Basel). 2019;12.
• 29. Hallmann L, Ulmer P, Lehmann F, Wille S, Polonskyi O, Johannes M ve ark. Effect of surface modifications on the bond strength of zirconia ceramic with resin cement resin. Dent Mater. 2016;32:631-9.
• 30. Valverde GB, Coelho PG, Janal MN, Lorenzoni FC, Carvalho RM, Thompson VP ve ark. Surface characterisation and bonding of Y-TZP following non-thermal plasma treatment. J Dent. 2013;41:51-9.
• 31. Gale M, Darvell B. Thermal cycling procedures for laboratory testing of dental restorations. J Dent. 1999;27:89-99.
• 32. Ebeid K, Wille S, Hamdy A, Salah T, El-Etreby A, Kern M. Effect of changes in sintering parameters on monolithic translucent zirconia. Dent Mater. 2014:419-24.
• 33. Tabari K, Hosseinpour S, Mohammad-Rahimi H. The impact of plasma treatment of Cercon zirconia ceramics on adhesion to resin composite cements and surface properties. J Lasers Med Sci. 2017;8:S56-S61.