Beyazlatmanın Diş ve Çevre Dokularda Yaratabileceği Yan Etkiler

Year 2019, Volume: 6 Issue: 1, 110 - 119, 01.04.2019

Ayşe Diljin Keçeci Öznur Küçük

https://doi.org/10.15311/selcukdentj.415997

Cited By: 1

Abstract

İnsanların diş beyazlatmaya olan
ilgisi son yıllarda artmaktadır. Diş beyazlatma, restoratif tedavi
seçenekleriyle karşılaştırıldığında en konservatif tedavi yöntemidir. Diş
beyazlatmanın mekanizması hidrojen peroksitin parçalanmasından sonra serbest
oksijenin açığa çıktığı redoks reaksiyonuna bağlıdır. Beyazlatmanın yan etkisi;
dental dokunun elastik modülünü ve mikrosertliğini modifiye etmesi olabilir. Bu
değişimler doku morfolojisinin değişimi ve dentindeki organik komponentlerin
redüksiyonuna bağlı olabilir ve beyazlatılmış dişlerin fraktür direncini
etkileyebilir. Endodontik tedavi gören dişlerde bu durum diş yapısının
zayıflaması nedeni ile daha kritik olabilir. Beyazlatma tedavisinde en fazla
görülen yan etki hassasiyettir. HP termal aktivasyon ile kombine
kullanıldığında beyazlatmadan sonra daha fazla hassasiyet oluşur. 5,5 C'lik bir
intrapulpal sıcaklık artışı günümüzde geri dönüşü olmayan pulpa hasarından
kaçınmak için aşılmaması gereken eşik değeri olarak kabul edilmektedir. Bu
derlemenin amacı, beyazlatıcı ajanların mine üzerindeki etkileri ve beyazlatma
tedavilerinin yan etkileri değerlendirmektir.

Keywords

Beyazlatma, demineralizasyon, diş

References

• 1. Elif İ, Bayrak Ş. Diş ağartma yöntemleri ve komplikasyonları. Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Dergisi. 2009;10(3):125-33.2. Kihn PW. Vital tooth whitening. Dental Clinics of North America. 2007;51(2):319-31.3. Sulieman M. An overview of tooth discoloration: extrinsic, intrinsic and internalized stains. Dental update. 2005;32(8):463-4, 6-8, 71.4. Alqahtani MQ. Tooth-bleaching procedures and their controversial effects: A literature review. The Saudi Dental Journal. 2014;26(2):33-46.5. Keçeci D. Devital dişlerin ıntrakoronal ağartmasında kullanılan iki farklı materyalin klinik etkinliğinin karşılaştırılması. SDÜ Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi. 2006;13(3):4-8.6. Haywood VB. Current status of nightguard vital bleaching. Compendium. 2000;21(28):S10-S7.7. Ontiveros JC. In-office vital bleaching with adjunct light. Dental Clinics. 2011;55(2):241-53.8. Fasanaro TS. Bleaching teeth: history, chemicals, and methods used for common tooth discolorations. Journal of Esthetic and Restorative Dentistry. 1992;4(3):71-8.9. Karadaş M, Seven N. Vital Dişlerde Beyazlatma. Atatürk Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Dergisi. 2014;9(9):126-35.10. Koruk DC, Kırzıoğlu Z. Diş beyazlatma tedavisinin güvenilirliği. Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Dergisi. 2010;11(1):29-37.11. De Moor RJG, Verheyen J, Verheyen P, Diachuk A, Meire MA, De Coster PJ, et al. Laser teeth bleaching: evaluation of eventual side effects on enamel and the pulp and the efficiency in vitro and in vivo. The Scientific World Journal. 2015;2015:6-7.12. Jordao-Basso KCF, Kuga MC, Dantas AAR, Tonetto MR, Lima SNL, Bandeca MC. Effects of alpha-tocopherol on fracture resistance after endodontic treatment, bleaching and restoration. Brazilian Oral Research. 2016;30(1).13. Leonard RH, Sharma A, Haywood vB. Use of different concentrations of carbamide peroxide for bleaching teeth: An in vitro study. Quintessence International. 1998;29(8):503-7.14. Haywood VB, Leech T, Heymann HO, Crumpler D, Bruggers K. Nightguard vital bleaching: effects on enamel surface texture and diffusion. Quintessence International. 1990;21(10).15. Azrak B, Callaway A, Kurth P, Willershausen B. Influence of bleaching agents on surface roughness of sound or eroded dental enamel specimens. Journal of esthetic and restorative dentistry. 2010;22(6):391-9.16. Xu B, Li Q, Wang Y. Effects of pH values of hydrogen peroxide bleaching agents on enamel surface properties. Operative Dentistry. 2011;36(5):554-62.17. McCracken MS, Haywood VB. Demineralization effects of 10 percent carbamide peroxide. Journal of Dentistry. 1996;24(6):395-8.18. Rotstein I, Mor C, Arwaz JR. Changes in surface levels of mercury, silver, tin, and copper of dental amalgam treated with carbamide peroxide and hydrogen peroxide in vitro. Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology, and Endodontology. 1997;83(4):506-9.19. Bitter NC. A scanning electron microscopy study of the effect of bleaching agents on enamel: a preliminary report. The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry. 1992;67(6):852-5.20. McGuckin RS, Babin J, Meyer B. Alterations in human enamel surface morphology following vital bleaching. The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry. 1992;68(5):754-60.21. Akal N, Over H, Olmez A, Bodur H. Effects of carbamide peroxide containing bleaching agents on the morphology and subsurface hardness of enamel. Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry. 2001;25(4):293-6.22. Wandera A, Feigal RJ, Douglas WH, Pintado MR. Home-use tooth bleaching agents: an in vitro study on quantitative effects on enamel, dentin, and cementum. Quintessence International. 1994;25(8).23. Haywood VB, Heymann HO. Nightguard vital bleaching: how safe is it? Quintessence International. 1991;22(7):775-82.24. Soares DG, Ribeiro APD, Sacono NT, Loguércio AD, Hebling J, Costa CAdS. Mineral loss and morphological changes in dental enamel induced by a 16% carbamide peroxide bleaching gel. Brazilian dental journal. 2013;24(5):517-21.25. Chng H, Ramli H, Yap A, Lim C. Effect of hydrogen peroxide on intertubular dentine. Journal of Dentistry. 2005;33(5):363-9.26. Rotstein I, Dankner E, Goldman A, Heling I, Stabholz A, Zalkind M. Histochemical analysis of dental hard tissues following bleaching. Journal of Endodontics. 1996;22(1):23-6.27. Rodrigues JA, Marchi GM, Ambrosano GM, Heymann HO, Pimenta LA. Microhardness evaluation of in situ vital bleaching on human dental enamel using a novel study design. Dental Materials. 2005;21(11):1059-67.28. Zantner C, Beheim-Schwarzbach N, Neumann K, Kielbassa AM. Surface microhardness of enamel after different home bleaching procedures. Dental Materials. 2007;23(2):243-50.29. Lopes GC, Bonissoni L, Baratieri LN, Vieira LCC, MONTEIRO S. Effect of bleaching agents on the hardness and morphology of enamel. Journal of Esthetic and Restorative Dentistry. 2002;14(1):24-30.30. Murchison D, Charlton D, Moore B. Carbamide peroxide bleaching: effects on enamel surface hardness and bonding. Operative Dentistry. 1991;17(5):181-5.31. Potočnik I, Kosec L, Gašperšič D. Effect of 10% carbamide peroxide bleaching gel on enamel microhardness, microstructure, and mineral content. Journal of Endodontics. 2000;26(4):203-6.32. Oltu Ü, Gürgan S. Effects of three concentrations of carbamide peroxide on the structure of enamel. Journal of Oral Rehabilitation. 2000;27(4):332-40.33. Titley K, Torneck CD, Smith D. The effect of concentrated hydrogen peroxide solutions on the surface morphology of human tooth enamel. Journal of Endodontics. 1988;14(2):69-74.34. Ogura K, Tanaka R, Shibata Y, Miyazaki T, Hisamitsu H. In vitro demineralization of tooth enamel subjected to two whitening regimens. The Journal of the American Dental Association. 2013;144(7):799-807.35. Khoroushi M, Mazaheri H, Manoochehri A. Effect of CPP-ACP application on flexural strength of bleached enamel and dentin complex. Operative Dentistry. 2011;36(4):372-9.36. Hughes J, West N, Parker D, Van Den Braak M, Addy M. Effects of pH and concentration of citric, malic and lactic acids on enamel, in vitro. Journal of Dentistry. 2000;28(2):147-52.37. Nathoo S, Chmielewski M, Kirkup R. Effects of Colgate Platinum Professional Toothwhitening System on microhardness of enamel, dentin, and composite resins. Compendium (Newtown, Pa) Supplement. 1993(17):S627-30.38. Shannon H, Spencer P, Gross K, Tira D. Characterization of enamel exposed to 10% carbamide peroxide bleaching agents. Quintessence International. 1993;24(1):39-44.39. Titley K, Torneck C, Ruse N. The effect of carbamide-peroxide gel on the shear bond strength of a microfil resin to bovine enamel. Journal of Dental Research. 1992;71(1):20-4.40. Titley K, Torneck C, Smith D, Chernecky R, Adibfar A. Scanning electron microscopy observations on the penetration and structure of resin tags in bleached and unbleached bovine enamel. Journal of Endodontics. 1991;17(2):72-5.41. Garcia-Godoy F, Dodge W, Donohue M, O'quinn J. Composite resin bond strength after enamel bleaching. Operative Dentistry. 1993;18:144-.42. da Silva Pobbe PdO, Viapiana R, Souza-Gabriel AE, Marchesan MA, Sousa-Neto MD, Silva-Sousa YTC, et al. Coronal resistance to fracture of endodontically treated teeth submitted to light-activated bleaching. Journal of Dentistry. 2008;36(11):935-9.43. Chng H. Update on materials used in intracoronal bleaching. Annals of the Royal Australasian College of Dental Surgeons. 2002;16:147-50.44. Sarrett DC. Tooth whitening today. The Journal of the American Dental Association. 2002;133(11):1535-8.45. Tam L, Bahrami P, Oguienko O, Limeback H. Effect of 10% and 15% carbamide peroxide on fracture toughness of human dentin in situ. Operative Dentistry. 2013;38(2):142-50.46. Götz H, Klukowska MA, Duschner H, White DJ. Physical, morphological, and micro-Raman chemical studies on bleaching strip effects on enamel, coronal dentin, and root dentin. The Journal of Clinical Dentistry. 2006;18(4):112-9.47. Kawamoto K, Tsujimoto Y. Effects of the hydroxyl radical and hydrogen peroxide on tooth bleaching. Journal of Endodontics. 2004;30(1):45-50.48. Lewinstein I, Hirschfeld Z, Stabholz A, Rotstein I. Effect of hydrogen peroxide and sodium perborate on the microhardness of human enamel and dentin. Journal of Endodontics. 1994;20(2):61-3.49. Chng HK, Palamara JE, Messer HH. Effect of hydrogen peroxide and sodium perborate on biomechanical properties of human dentin. Journal of Endodontics. 2002;28(2):62-7.50. Attin T, Muller T, Patyk A, Lennon A. Influence of different bleaching systems on fracture toughness and hardness of enamel. Operative Dentistry-Univercity of Washington. 2004;29(2):188-95.51. Forner L, Salmerón-Sánchez M, Palomares M, Llena C, Amengual J. The use of atomic force microscopy in determining the stiffness and adhesion force of human dentin after exposure to bleaching agents. Journal of Endodontics. 2009;35(10):1384-6.52. Jiang T, Ma X, Wang Y, Zhu Z, Tong H, Hu J. Effects of hydrogen peroxide on human dentin structure. Journal of Dental Research. 2007;86(11):1040-5.53. Berger SB, Pavan S, Vidal CdMP, Santos PHD, Giannini M, Bedran-Russo AK. Changes in the stiffness of demineralized dentin following application of tooth whitening agents. Acta Odontologica Scandinavica. 2012;70(1):56-60.54. Maciel K, Carvalho R, Ringle R, Preston C, Russell C, Pashley DH. The effects of acetone, ethanol, HEMA, and air on the stiffness of human decalcified dentin matrix. Journal of Dental Research. 1996;75(11):1851-8.55. Sato C, Rodrigues F, Garcia D, Vidal C, Pashley DH, Tjäderhane L, et al. Tooth bleaching increases dentinal protease activity. Journal of Dental Research. 2012;92:187-92.56. Siqueira EL, dos Santos M, Neto JADG, dos Santos FLHV. Resıstêncıa Ao Cısalhamento De Dentes Submetıdosa Duas Técnıcas De Clareamento, Pós-Restaurados Ou Não Shear Strength in Teeth Subjected to Two Bleachıng Technıques, Post-Restoratıon or Otherwıse. Revista Odontologia Universisade São Paulo. 1997;11(s 1).57. Lado E, Stanley H, Weisman M. Cervical resorption in bleached teeth. Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology. 1983;55(1):78-80.58. Harrington GW, Natkin E. External resorption associated with bleaching of pulpless teeth. Journal of Endodontics. 1979;5(11):344-8.59. Cvek M, Lindvall AM. External root resorption following bleaching of pulpless teeth with oxygen peroxide. Dental Traumatology. 1985;1(2):56-60.60. Rotstein I. In vitro determination and quantification of 30% hydrogen peroxide penetration through dentin and cementum during bleaching. Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology. 1991;72(5):602-6.61. Dahl J, Pallesen U. Tooth bleaching a critical review of the biological aspects. Critical Reviews in Oral Biology & Medicine. 2003;14(4):292-304.62. Haywood VB. History, safety, and effectiveness of current bleaching techniques and applications of the nightguard vital bleaching technique. Quintessence International. 1992;23(7):471-88.63. Bowles WH, Ugwuneri Z. Pulp chamber penetration by hydrogen peroxide following vital bleaching procedures. Journal of Endodontics. 1987;13(8):375-7.64. Fuss Z, Szajkis S, Tagger M. Tubular permeability to calcium hydroxide and to bleaching agents. Journal of Endodontics. 1989;15(8):362-4.65. Özdemir F. Dental Florozisli Dişlerde Uygulanan Ofis Tipi Ağartma Yönteminde %35'lik Hidrojen Peroksitin Pulpaya Etkilerinin İn Vivo ve İn Vitro Olarak İncelenmesi, Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü. 2009.66. Fugaro JO, Nordahl I, Fugaro OJ, Matis BA, Mjor I. Pulp reaction to vital bleaching. Operative Dentistry-Univercity of Washington. 2004;29(4):363-8.67. George JR P, Zaidel L, Lin N, Stranick M, Bagley D. High Levels of Hydrogen Peroxide in Overnight Tooth‐Whitening Formulas: Effects on Enamel and Pulp. Journal of Esthetic and Restorative Dentistry. 2005;24(1):1-58.68. Bowles WH, Thompson LR. Vital bleaching: the effects of heat and hydrogen peroxide on pulpal enzymes. Journal of Endodontics. 1986;12(3):108-12.69. Seale NS, McIntosh JE, Taylor AN. Pulpal reaction to bleaching of teeth in dogs. Journal of Dental Research. 1981;60(5):948-53.70. Sulieman M, Rees J, Addy M. Surface and pulp chamber temperature rises during tooth bleaching using a diode laser: a study in vitro. British Dental Journal. 2006;200(11):631-4.71. Soares DG, Ribeiro APD, Lima AF, Sacono NT, Hebling J, Costa CAdS. Effect of fluoride-treated enamel on indirect cytotoxicity of a 16% carbamide peroxide bleaching gel to pulp cells. Brazilian Dental Journal. 2013;24(2):121-7.72. Oliver TL, Haywood VB. Efficacy of nightguard vital bleaching technique beyond the borders of a shortened tray. Journal of Esthetic and Restorative Dentistry. 1999;11(2):95-102.73. Cooper JS, Bokmeyer TJ, Bowles WH. Penetration of the pulp chamber by carbamide peroxide bleaching agents. Journal of Endodontics. 1992;18(7):315-7.74. Rosenstiel SF, Gegauff AG, Johnston WM. Randomized clinical trial of the efficacy and safety of a home bleaching procedure. Quintessence International. 1996;27(6):413-24.75. Bonafé E, Bacovis CL, Iensen S, Loguercio AD, Reis A, Kossatz S. Tooth sensitivity and efficacy of in-office bleaching in restored teeth. Journal of Dentistry. 2013;41(4):363-9.76. Roderjan DA, Stanislawczuk R, Hebling J, da Souza Costa CA, Soares DG, Reis A, et al. Histopathological features of dental pulp tissue from bleached mandibular incisors. Journal of Materials Science and Engineering B. 2014;4(6B).77. de Souza Costa CA, Riehl H, Kina JF, Sacono NT, Hebling J. Human pulp responses to in-office tooth bleaching. Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology, and Endodontology. 2010;109(4):e59-e64.78. Lin C-H, Chou T-M, Chen J-H, Chen J-H, Chuang F-H, Lee H-E, et al. Evaluation of the effect of laser tooth whitening. International Journal of Prosthodontics. 2008;21(5).79. Moncada G, Sepúlveda D, Elphick K, Contente M, Estay J, Bahamondes V, et al. Effects of light activation, agent concentration, and tooth thickness on dental sensitivity after bleaching. Operative Dentistry. 2013;38(5):467-76.80. Martin J, Fernandez E, Bahamondes V, Werner A, Elphick K, Oliveira Jr OB, et al. Dentin hypersensitivity after teeth bleaching with in-office systems. Randomized clinical trial. American Journal of Dentistry. 2013;26(1):10-4.81. Tipton DA, Braxton SD, Dabbous MK. Role of saliva and salivary components as modulators of bleaching agent toxicity to human gingival fibroblasts in vitro. Journal of Periodontology. 1995;66(9):766-74.82. Hayes P, Full C, Pinkham J. The etiology and treatment of intrinsic discolorations. Journal (Canadian Dental Association). 1986;52(3):217.83. Martin JH, Bishop JG, Guentherman RH, Dorman HL. Cellular response of gingiva to prolonged application of dilute hydrogen peroxide. Journal of periodontology. 1968;39(4):208-10.84. Leonard Jr RH, Haywood vB, Phillips C. Risk factors for developing tooth sensitivity and gingival irritation associated with nightguard vital bleaching. Quintessence International. 1997;28(8):527-34.85. Luque-Martinez I, Reis A, Schroeder M, Muñoz MA, Loguercio AD, Masterson D, et al. Comparison of efficacy of tray-delivered carbamide and hydrogen peroxide for at-home bleaching: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clinical Oral Investigations. 2016;20(7):1419-33.86. Sherman SJ, Boyer LV, Sibley WA. Cerebral infarction immediately after ingestion of hydrogen peroxide solution. Stroke-a Journal of Cerebral Circulation. 1994;25(5):1065-7.87. Christensen DW, Faught WE, Black RE, Woodward GA, Timmons OD. Fatal oxygen embolization after hydrogen peroxide ingestion. Critical Care Medicine. 1992;20(4):543-4.88. Robertson WD, Melfi RC. Pulpal response to vital bleaching procedures. Journal of Endodontics. 1980;6(7):645-9.