Retrospective Evaluation of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Staging Outcomes

Year 2024, Volume: 11 Issue: 2, 182 - 186, 19.08.2024

Alican Kuran , Umut Seki , Büşra Yaprak Bayrak , Murat Öztürk , Enver Alper Sinanoğlu

https://doi.org/10.15311/selcukdentj.1384718

Abstract

Objectives
Between 85-95% of malignant tumors in the oral cavity originate from squamous epithelium lining the oral mucosa. Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a type of cancer with various complications and a high mortality rate because it is usually diagnosed at advanced stages. TNM most commonly used systems to evaluate the prognosis of malignant tumors. In this study, the findings required for TNM staging of patients with histopathologically diagnosed OSCC were evaluated retrospectively.

Materials-Methods
We retrospectively evaluated the patients who were examined in Kocaeli University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathology between 2018 and 2023 and diagnosed with OSCC. For TNM staging of OSCC cases, lesion size, depth of tumor invasion, presence of metastasis, lymph node involvement and size were evaluated. In addition, demographic data, tumor localization and differentiation grade were evaluated in relation to TNM staging.

Results
In this study, 33 OSCC cases were retrospectively evaluated. Mean tumor size was 2.4 cm in 16 cases with good-differentiation and 3.3 cm in 17 cases with moderate-differentiation. While good-differentiated cases most commonly involved the tongue, moderately differentiated cases involved the gingiva. Lymph node involvement was present in 4 moderately differentiated cases. Metastasis was not detected in any case.

Conclusion
When the size of tumors in the oral cavity is less than 2 cm (T1), they cannot be detected by CT or MR. When the size is larger than 2 cm (T2 and above), the possibility of invasion and metastasis to surrounding tissues increases. Therefore, dentists should pay attention to ulcerated/erosive lesions.

Keywords
Squamous cell carcinoma, Tumor staging, TNM

Keywords

Squamous cell carcinoma, Tumor staging, TNM

Oral Sküamoz Hücreli Karsinom Evreleme Bulgularının Retrospektif Olarak Değerlendirilmesi

Abstract

Amaç:
Oral kavitede görülen malign tümörlerin %85-95’i, oral mukozayı döşeyen skuamöz epitelden köken almaktadır. Oral skuamöz hücreli karsinom (OSHK) genellikle ileri evrelerde teşhis edildiği için çeşitli komplikasyonlara ve yüksek mortalite oranına sahip olan bir kanser türüdür. TNM evrelendirmesi malign tümörlerin prognozunu değerlendirmek amacıyla en sık kullanılan sistemlerden biridir. Bu çalışmada histopatolojik olarak OSHK tanısı konulmuş olguların TNM evrelenmesi için gerekli bulgular retrospektif olarak değerlendirilmiştir.

Gereç ve Yöntemler:
2018-2023 yılları arasında Kocaeli Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Patoloji Anabilim Dalında incelenmiş ve OSHK tanısı almış olgular retrospektif olarak değerlendirilmiştir. OSHK olgularının TNM evrelenmesi için lezyon boyutu, tümör invazyon derinliği, metastaz varlığı, lenf nodu tutulumu ve boyutu değerlendirilmiştir. Ayrıca hastaların demografik bilgileri, tümör lokalizasyonu ve diferansiyasyon derecesinin TNM evrelenmesiyle ilişkisi değerlendirilmiştir.

Bulgular:
Bu çalışmada 15 erkek ve 18 kadın olmak üzere 33 OSHK olgusu retrospektif olarak değerlendirilmiştir. İyi diferansiyasyon gözlenen 16 olguda tümör boyutu ortalama 2,4 cm, orta derece diferansiyasyon gözlenen 17 olguda ise 3,3 cm olarak bulunmuştur. İyi diferansiye olgular en sık dil tutulumu gösterirken, orta derece diferansiye olgularda dil dışında gingiva, retromolar bölge ve bukkal mukozada da tutulum saptanmıştır. Orta derece diferansiye 4 olguda lenf nodu tutulumu mevcuttur. Hiçbir olguda metastaz saptanmamıştır.

Sonuçlar:
Oral kavitedeki tümörlerin boyutu 2 cm’den küçük olduğunda (T1) BT veya MR gibi görüntüleme yöntemleriyle tespit edilemez. Boyutu 2 cm’den büyük olduğunda (T2 ve üstü) çevre dokulara invazyon ve metastaz yapma olasılığı artar. Bu yüzden diş hekimleri prekanseröz lezyonları tanımalı ve özellikle ileri yaşlardaki hastalarda ülsere/eroziv lezyonlara dikkat etmelidir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:
Skuamöz hücreli karsinom, Tümör evrelemesi, TNM

Keywords

Skuamöz hücreli karsinom, Tümör evrelemesi, TNM

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