Maxillofacial Prostheses with Digital Methods: Innovative Design and Manufacturing Approaches

Year 2024, Volume: 11 Issue: 3, 356 - 361, 23.12.2024

İrem Sözen Yanık , Sema Merve Uzel

https://doi.org/10.15311/selcukdentj.1393019

Abstract

ABSTRACT: Maxillofacial prostheses play a significant role in the treatment of deficiencies or abnormalities in the facial areas. These deficiencies can result from congenital conditions, developmental issues, pathologies, or traumas, leading to physical, psychological, and functional problems. The success of maxillofacial prostheses depends on the choice of appropriate materials. Silicone elastomers stand out as commonly used materials in the production of maxillofacial prostheses. This material is distinguished by its ability to provide tissue compatibility, ease of shaping, and the option for coloration. Contemporary digital technologies have greatly facilitated prosthesis design and manufacturing processes. Computer-aided design (CAD), computer-aided manufacturing (CAM), and three-dimensional printing (3D) technologies provide a more precise and efficient way for designing and producing maxillofacial prostheses. These advancements enable maxillofacial prostheses to be designed and manufactured more effectively in terms of aesthetics, functionality, cost, and durability. Therefore, the use of digital technologies in the field of maxillofacial prostheses holds promise for enhancing the quality of life for patients.
Keywords: Maxillofacial prostheses, digital printing, silicone

Keywords

Maxillofacial prostheses, digital printing, silicone

Dijital Yöntemler ile Maksillofasiyal Protezler: Yenilikçi Tasarım ve Üretim Yaklaşımları

Abstract

ÖZET: Maksillofasiyal protezler, çene ve yüz bölgesindeki eksiklik veya bozuklukların tedavisinde önemli bir rol oynar. Bu eksiklikler, doğuştan gelen durumlar, gelişimsel sorunlar, patolojiler veya travmalar sonucu olabilir ve fiziksel, psikolojik ve fonksiyonel sorunlara neden olabilir. Maksillofasiyal protezlerin başarıları, uygun malzeme seçimine bağlıdır. Günümüzde, maksillofasiyal protezlerin üretiminde yaygın olarak kullanılan malzemeler arasında silikon elastomerler öne çıkar. Bu malzeme, doku uyumunu sağlama, kolay şekillendirme ve renklendirilebilme özellikleri ile öne çıkar. Çağdaş dijital teknolojiler, protez tasarım ve üretim süreçlerini büyük ölçüde kolaylaştırmıştır. Bilgisayar destekli tasarım (CAD), bilgisayar destekli üretim (CAM) ve üç boyutlu baskı (3D) gibi teknolojiler, maksillofasiyal protezlerin tasarım ve üretiminde daha hassas ve verimli bir yol sunar. Bu gelişmeler, maksillofasiyal protezlerin estetik, fonksiyon, maliyet ve sağlamlık açısından daha etkili bir şekilde tasarlanmasına ve üretilmesine olanak tanır. Bu nedenle, dijital teknolojilerin maksillofasiyal protez alanında kullanımı, hastaların yaşam kalitesini artırmak için umut verici bir gelişme sunmaktadır.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Maksillofasiyal protezler, dijital baskı, silikon

Keywords

Maksillofasiyal protezler, dijital baskı, silikon

References

• 1. Pehlivan N, Nemli SK, Karacaer Ö. Çene yüz protezleri ve ekstraoral implantlar. Gazi Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Dergisi. 2011;28(2):123-9.
• 2. de Caxias FP, Dos Santos DM, Bannwart LC, de Moraes Melo Neto CL, Goiato MC. Classification, history, and future prospects of maxillofacial prosthesis. International journal of dentistry. 2019;2019.
• 3. Gül EB, Atala MH, Polat NT. Ateşli Silah Yaralanmasıyla Oluşan Maksiller ve Mandibular Defektin Geç Protetik Tedavisi. Cumhuriyet Dental Journal. 2016;19(2):121-8.
• 4. Goiato MC, dos Santos DM, Bannwart L, Moreno A, Pesqueira AA, Haddad M, Dos Santos E. Psychosocial impact on anophthalmic patients wearing ocular prosthesis. International journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery. 2013;42(1):113-9.
• 5. Arzu A, Günay Y. çene-yüz protezlerinde bakım. Atatürk Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Dergisi.2007(2).
• 6. Phasuk K, Haug SP. Maxillofacial prosthetics. Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics. 2018;30(4):487-97.
• 7. Bal BT, Öztürk E, Karakoca S. Maksillofasiyal protezlerin yapımında kullanılan materyallerdeki gelişmeler. ADO Klinik Bilimler Dergisi. 2007;1(4):63-8.
• 8. Cobein MV, Coto NP, Junior OC, Lemos JBD, Vieira L, Pimentel M, et al. Retention systems for extraoral maxillofacial prosthetic implants: a critical review. British Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. 2017;55(8):763-9.
• 9. Khamis MM, Medra A, Gauld J. Clinical evaluation of a newly designed single-stage craniofacial implant: a pilot study. The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry. 2008;100(5):375-83.
• 10. Soğancı G, Yazıcıoğlu H. Mıknatıs tutuculu orbital protezin yeniden yapılması: Olgu bildirimi. Gazi Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Dergisi. 2010;27(1):41-5.
• 11. Khorsandi D, Fahimipour A, Abasian P, Saber SS, Seyedi M, Ghanavati S, et al. 3D and 4D printing in dentistry and maxillofacial surgery: Printing techniques, materials, and applications. Acta biomaterialia. 2021; 122:26-49.
• 12. Lewis D, Castleberry D. An assessment of recent advances in external maxillofacial materials. The Journal of prosthetic dentistry. 1980;43(4):426-32.
• 13. Das A, Awasthi P, Jain V, Banerjee SS. 3D printing of maxillofacial prosthesis materials: Challenges and opportunities. Bioprinting. 2023: e00282.
• 14. Mahajan H, Gupta K. Maxillofacial prosthetic materials: A literature review. Journal of Orofacial Research. 2012:87-90.
• 15. Huber H, Studer SP. Materials and techniques in maxillofacial prosthodontic rehabilitation. Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics. 2002;14(1):73-93.
• 16. Murata H, Hong G, Hamada T, Polyzois GL. Dynamic mechanical properties of silicone maxillofacial prosthetic materials and the influence of frequency and temperature on their properties. International Journal of Prosthodontics. 2003;16(4).
• 17. Bellamy K, Limbert G, Waters MG, Middleton J. An elastomeric material for facial prostheses: synthesis, experimental and numerical testing aspects. Biomaterials. 2003;24(27):5061-6.
• 18. Shilo D, Capucha T, Goldstein D, Bereznyak Y, Emodi O, Rachmiel A. Treatment of facial deformities using 3D planning and printing of patient-specific implants. JoVE (Journal of Visualized Experiments). 2020(159): e60930.
• 19. Nuseir A, Hatamleh MMd, Alnazzawi A, Al‐Rabab'ah M, Kamel B, Jaradat E. Direct 3D printing of flexible nasal prosthesis: optimized digital workflow from scan to fit. Journal of Prosthodontics. 2019;28(1):10-4.
• 20. Alqutaibi AY. Materials of facial prosthesis: History and advance. Int J Contemp Dent Med Rev. 2015; 2015:4.
• 21. Unkovskiy A, Wahl E, Huettig F, Keutel C, Spintzyk S. Multimaterial 3D printing of a definitive silicone auricular prosthesis: An improved technique. The Journal of prosthetic dentistry. 2021;125(6):946-50.
• 22. Bachelet J, Jouan R, Prade V, Francisco C, Jaby P, Gleizal A. Place of 3D printing in facial epithesis. Journal of stomatology, oral and maxillofacial surgery. 2017;118(4):224-7.
• 23. Zhou L-b, Shang H-t, He L-s, Bo B, Liu G-c, Liu Y-p, Zhao J-l. Accurate reconstruction of discontinuous mandible using a reverse engineering/computer-aided design/rapid prototyping technique: a preliminary clinical study. Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. 2010;68(9):2115-21.
• 24. Paxton NC, Nightingale RC, Woodruff MA. Capturing patient anatomy for designing and manufacturing personalized prostheses. Current Opinion in Biotechnology. 2022; 73:282-9.
• 25. Cruz RL, Ross MT, Powell SK, Woodruff MA. Advancements in soft-tissue prosthetics part A: the art of imitating life. Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology. 2020; 8:121.
• 26. Marro A, Bandukwala T, Mak W. Three-dimensional printing and medical imaging: a review of the methods and applications. Current problems in diagnostic radiology. 2016;45(1):2-9.
• 27. Ciocca L, Mingucci R, Gassino G, Scotti R. CAD/CAM ear model and virtual construction of the mold. The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry. 2007;98(5):339-43.
• 28. Salazar-Gamarra R, Seelaus R, da Silva JVL, da Silva AM, Dib LL. Monoscopic photogrammetry to obtain 3D models by a mobile device: a method for making facial prostheses. Journal of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery. 2016;45(1):1-13.
• 29. Cristache CM, Tudor I, Moraru L, Cristache G, Lanza A, Burlibasa M. Digital workflow in maxillofacial prosthodontics—an update on defect data acquisition, editing and design using open-source and commercial available software. Applied Sciences. 2021;11(3):973.
• 30. Oh J-h. Recent advances in the reconstruction of cranio-maxillofacial defects using computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing. Maxillofacial plastic and reconstructive surgery. 2018;40(1):2.
• 31. Farré-Guasch E, Wolff J, Helder MN, Schulten EA, Forouzanfar T, Klein-Nulend J. Application of additive manufacturing in oral and maxillofacial surgery. Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. 2015;73(12):2408-18.
• 32. Yan Q, Dong H, Su J, Han J, Song B, Wei Q, Shi Y. A review of 3D printing technology for medical applications. Engineering. 2018;4(5):729-42.
• 33. Bibb R, Eggbeer D, Evans P. Rapid prototyping technologies in soft tissue facial prosthetics: current state of the art. Rapid Prototyping Journal. 2010;16(2):130-7.
• 34. Mishra A, Srivastava V. Biomaterials and 3D printing techniques used in the medical field. Journal of Medical Engineering & Technology. 2021;45(4):290-302.
• 35. Poologasundarampillai G, Nommeots-Nomm A. Materials for 3D printing in medicine: Metals, polymers, ceramics, hydrogels. 3D Printing in Medicine: Elsevier; 2017. p. 43-71.
• 36. Standard A. Standard terminology for additive manufacturing technologies. ASTM International F2792-12a. 2012:1-9.
• 37. Aimar A, Palermo A, Innocenti B. The role of 3D printing in medical applications: a state of the art. Journal of healthcare engineering. 2019;2019.
• 38. Watson J, Hatamleh MM. Complete integration of technology for improved reproduction of auricular prostheses. The Journal of prosthetic dentistry. 2014;111(5):430-6.
• 39. Yadav S, Narayan AI, Choudhry A, Balakrishnan D. CAD/CAM‐assisted auricular prosthesis fabrication for a quick, precise, and more retentive outcome: a clinical report. Journal of Prosthodontics. 2017;26(7):616-21.
• 40. Jindal SK, Sherriff M, Waters MG, Smay JE, Coward TJ. Development of a 3D printable maxillofacial silicone: Part II. Optimization of moderator and thixotropic agent. The Journal of prosthetic dentistry. 2018;119(2):299-304.
• 41. Nyberg EL, Farris AL, Hung BP, Dias M, Garcia JR, Dorafshar AH, Grayson WL. 3D-printing technologies for craniofacial rehabilitation, reconstruction, and regeneration. Annals of biomedical engineering. 2017; 45:45-57.
• 42. Durmaz N. Kazanilmiş maksiller defektli hastalarda protetik tedavinin başarısında 3d dijital sistemlerin etkisinin değerlendirilmesi. Aydın Dental Journal. 2020;6(2):129-38.
• 43. Unkovskiy A, Spintzyk S, Brom J, Huettig F, Keutel C. Direct 3D printing of silicone facial prostheses: A preliminary experience in digital workflow. The Journal of prosthetic dentistry. 2018;120(2):303-8.
• 44. Bikas H, Stavropoulos P, Chryssolouris G. Additive manufacturing methods and modelling approaches: a critical review. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology. 2016; 83:389-405.
• 45. Owusu JA, Boahene K. Update of patient-specific maxillofacial implant. Current Opinion in Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery. 2015;23(4):261-4.
• 46. Schweiger J, Edelhoff D, Güth J-F. 3D printing in digital prosthetic dentistry: an overview of recent developments in additive manufacturing. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2021;10(9):2010.
• 47. Suresh N, Janakiram C, Nayar S, Krishnapriya V, Mathew A. Effectiveness of digital data acquisition technologies in the fabrication of maxillofacial prostheses–A systematic review. Journal of Oral Biology and Craniofacial Research. 2022;12(1):208-15.
• 48. CEBECİ NÖ, TOKMAKCIOĞLU HH. Protetik diş tedavisinde ekleme yöntemi ile üretim. Sağlık Akademisi Kastamonu. 2018;3(1):66-86.
• 49. Simeon P, Unkovskiy A, Sarmadi BS, Nicic R, Koch PJ, Beuer F, Schmidt F. Wear resistance and flexural properties of low force SLA-and DLP-printed splint materials in different printing orientations: An in vitro study. Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials. 2024:106458.
• 50. İnal CB, Kiliçkaya N, Nemli SK. Yüz protezlerinin yapiminda dijital yöntemlerin kullanimi. ADO Klinik Bilimler Dergisi. 2024;13(1):220-7.
• 51. Gülcan O, Günaydın K, Tamer A. The state of the art of material jetting—a critical review. Polymers. 2021;13(16):2829.
• 52. Olakanmi EO, Cochrane RF, Dalgarno KW. A review on selective laser sintering/melting (SLS/SLM) of aluminium alloy powders: Processing, microstructure, and properties. Progress in materials science. 2015; 74:401-77.
• 53. Wang X, Jiang M, Zhou Z, Gou J, Hui D. 3D printing of polymer matrix composites: A review and prospective. Composites Part B: Engineering. 2017; 110:442-58.
• 54. Shaqour B, Abuabiah M, Abdel-Fattah S, Juaidi A, Abdallah R, Abuzaina W, et al. Gaining a better understanding of the extrusion process in fused filament fabrication 3D printing: a review. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology. 2021; 114:1279-91.
• 55. Naghieh S, Reihany A, Haghighat A, Foroozmehr E, Badrossamay M, Forooghi F. Fused deposition modeling and fabrication of a three-dimensional model in maxillofacial reconstruction. Journal of" Regeneration, Reconstruction & Restoration"(Triple R). 2016;1(3):139-44.
• 56. Żmudzki J, Burzyński M, Chladek G, Krawczyk C. CAD/CAM silicone auricular prosthesis with thermoformed stiffening insert. Archives of Materials Science and Engineering. 2017;83(1):30-5.
• 57. Elbashti M, Hattori M, Sumita Y, Aswehlee A, Yoshi S, Taniguchi H. Creating a digitized database of maxillofacial prostheses (obturators): A pilot study. The journal of advanced prosthodontics. 2016;8(3):219.