Research Article
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Evaluation Of Color Stability, Water Sorption And Water Solubility Of Flowable Composites Polymerized With Different Curing Modes

Year 2025, Volume: 12 Issue: 2, 289 - 297, 22.08.2025
https://doi.org/10.15311/selcukdentj.1562978

Abstract

Background: Our study aims to evaluate the color changes, water sorption and solubility of flowable composite resins used in the anterior region after polymerization with different modes of a third-generation LED light device.
Methods: Two high-filler flowable nanohybrid composites (GrandioSO Heavy Flow (Voco) and GrandioSO Flow (Voco)), an ormocer-based flowable nanohybrid composite (Admira Fusion Flow (Voco)), a conventional nanohybrid composite as a control group (GrandioSO (Voco)) were used and polymerized using different modes of a third-generation LED device. Initial color measurements were taken using a spectrophotometer. After immersion in coffee and distilled water, color measurements were repeated on days 1, 7, 14, 28, and the color change values (ΔE) were calculated. For water sorption and solubility, samples were immersed in distilled water, and weights were measured using a precision balance on days 1, 7, 14, 28. Weight gain indicated water sorption, while weight loss after 28 days indicated solubility. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey post-hoc tests (p<0.05).
Results: For composites immersed in coffee, the extra power mode showed the highest ΔE values on all days (p<0.05). When comparing the polymerization modes for the same composite groups, GrandioSO Flow reached the highest water sorption values with the standard mode on all days (p<0.05), while GrandioSO Heavy Flow exhibited the highest solubility values when processed with the extra power mode (p<0.05).
Conclusion: The composition of restorative materials and different polymerization modes can affect composites' color stability, water sorption, and solubility.

References

  • 1. Huang W, Ren L, Cheng Y, et al. Evaluation of the Color Stability, Water Sorption, and Solubility of Current Resin Composites. Materials. 2022;15(19):6710.
  • 2. Misilli T, Gönülol N. Water sorption and solubility of bulk-fill composites polymerized with a third generation LED LCU. Brazilian oral research. 2017;31: e80.
  • 3. Kamalak H, Altin S, Canbay CA. Diş Hekimliğinde Sıklıkla Kullanılan Bulk Fill Akıcı Kompozit Materyallerinin Yüzey Pörozitesinin Değerlendirilmesi. FÜ Sağ Bil Tıp Derg. 2017; 31:121-6.
  • 4. Fidan M, Dereli Z. Akıcı Kompozitler: Bir Literatür Derlemesi. Selcuk Dental Journal. 2021;8(3):902-915.
  • 5. Salerno M, Derchi G, Thorat S, Ceseracciu L, Ruffilli R, Barone AC. Surface morphology and mechanical properties of new-generation flowable resin composites for dental restoration. Dental Materials. 2011;27(12):1221-1228.
  • 6. Erdemir U, Yıldız E, Eren MM. Effects of sports drinks on color stability of nanofilled and microhybrid composites after long-term immersion. Journal of dentistry. 2012;40: e55-e63.
  • 7. Evran B, Bakır EP. Farklı estetik kompozit rezinlerin renk stabilitesi ve su emilimlerinin incelenmesi. 7tepe Klinik Dergisi. 19(1):46-52.
  • 8. Mansouri SA, Zidan AZ. Effect of water sorption and solubility on color stability of bulk-fill resin composite. 2018;
  • 9. Darabi F, Seyed-Monir A, Mihandoust S, Maleki D. The effect of preheating of composite resin on its color stability after immersion in tea and coffee solutions: An in-vitro study. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Dentistry. 2019;11(12): e1151.
  • 10. Barutcigil Ç, Yıldız M. Intrinsic and extrinsic discoloration of dimethacrylate and silorane based composites. Journal of Dentistry. 2012;40: e57-e63.
  • 11. Yazici AR, Celik C, Dayangaç B, Özgünaltay G. The effect of curing units and staining solutions on the color stability of resin composites. Operative dentistry. 2007;32(6):616-622.
  • 12. Nasim I, Neelakantan P, Sujeer R, Subbarao C. Color stability of microfilled, microhybrid and nanocomposite resins—an in vitro study. Journal of Dentistry. 2010;38: e137-e142.
  • 13. Janda R, Roulet J-F, Latta M, Kaminsky M. Effect of exponential polymerization on color stability of resin-based filling materials. Dental Materials. 2007;23(6):696-704.
  • 14. Ardu S, Duc O, Di Bella E, Krejci I. Color stability of recent composite resins. Odontology. 2017; 105:29-35.
  • 15. Al-Samadani KH. Color stability of restorative materials in response to Arabic coffee, Turkish coffee and Nescafe. The journal of contemporary dental practice. 2013;14(4):681.
  • 16. Ertas E, Gueler AU, Yuecel AC, Köprülü H, Güler E. Color stability of resin composites after immersion in different drinks. Dental materials journal. 2006;25(2):371-376.
  • 17. Örtengren U, Wellendorf H, Karlsson S, Ruyter I. Water sorption and solubility of dental composites and identification of monomers released in an aqueous environment. Journal of oral rehabilitation. 2001;28(12):1106-1115.
  • 18. Toledano M, Osorio R, Osorio E, Fuentes V, Prati C, Garcıa-Godoy F. Sorption and solubility of resin-based restorative dental materials. Journal of dentistry. 2003;31(1):43-50.
  • 19. Gonulol N, Ozer S, Sen Tunc E. Water sorption, solubility, and color stability of giomer restoratives. Journal of esthetic and restorative dentistry. 2015;27(5):300-306.
  • 20. Mirdas A, Dündar A, Barutçugil Ç. Rezin İçerikli Restoratif Materyallerin Yüzey Pürüzlülüğünün, Su Emilimi ve Suda Çözünürlüklerinin İn Vitro Olarak İncelenmesi. Akdeniz Diş Hekimliği Dergisi. 2023;2(1):1-8.
  • 21. Flury S, Lussi A, Hickel R, Ilie N. Light curing through glass ceramics with a second-and a third-generation LED curing unit: effect of curing mode on the degree of conversion of dual-curing resin cements. Clinical oral investigations. 2013; 17:2127-2137.
  • 22. Rüttermann S, Servos A, Raab WH-M, Janda R. In vitro effect of light-emitting diode light polymerization on the color stability of three resin-based restorative materials. Acta Odontologica Scandinavica. 2008;66(1):43-49.
  • 23. Ultradent Products I. VALO cordless: introduction for use. https://downloads.ctfassets.net/wfptrcrbtkd0/673R5hNkPykuUK6t268lb8/7c55b901d0f3433cf18efe75c128a446/VALO-Cordless-Curing-Light-IFU-88920AR15.pdf
  • 24. Arregui M, Giner L, Ferrari M, Vallés M, Mercadé M. Six-month color change and water sorption of 9 new-generation flowable composites in 6 staining solutions. Brazilian oral research. 2016;30
  • 25. Savas S, Colgecen O, Yasa B, Kucukyilmaz E. Color stability, roughness, and water sorption/solubility of glass ionomer–Based restorative materials. Nigerian journal of clinical practice. 2019;22(6):824-832.
  • 26. de Oliveira NG, Espíndola-Castro LF, Rocha JC, et al. Influence of the self-adhering strategy on microhardness, sorption, solubility, color stability, and cytotoxicity compared to bulk-fill and conventional resin composites. Clinical Oral Investigations. 2022;26(11):6663-6670.
  • 27. Llena C, Fernández S, Forner L. Color stability of nanohybrid resin-based composites, ormocers and compomers. Clinical Oral Investigations. 2017; 21:1071-1077.
  • 28. Yapar Mİ, Pınar G. Farklı içeceklerde bekletilen siloran ve dimetakrilat esaslı kompozitlerin renk stabilitelerinin karşılaştırılması. Acta Odontologica Turcica. 2015;32(2):51-56.
  • 29. Espíndola-Castro L-F. Evaluation of microhardness, sorption, solubility, and color stability of bulk fill resins: A comparative study. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Dentistry. 2020;12(11): e1033.
  • 30. Cabadağ ÖG, Misilli T. Color Stability of Preheated Novel Composite Resins Immersed in Different Beverages: In Vitro Study. Turkiye Klinikleri Dishekimligi Bilimleri Dergisi. 2022;28(2):434-441.
  • 31. Çelik N, Sağsöz Ö, Gündoğdu M. Farkli içeceklerin posterior kompozitlerin renk değişikliği ve yüzey pürüzlülüğü üzerine etkisinin değerlendirilmesi. Atatürk Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Dergisi. 2017;27(1):27-33.
  • 32. Tuncer D, Polatoğlu S, Ünver H, Çelik Ç. The Effect of Different Polymerizatıon Procedures on Color Stability of Indirect Resin Restorations. European Journal of Research in Dentistry. 2022;6(1):18-24.
  • 33. ElEmbaby AE, Slais M, Alawami A, et al. Spectrophotometric analysis of different flowable restorative materials. The Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice. 2021;22(2):111-116.
  • 34. Azizi F, Ezoji F, Khafri S, Esmaeili B. Surface Micro-Hardness and Wear Resistance of a Self-Adhesive Flowable Composite in Comparison to Conventional Flowable Composites. Frontiers in Dentistry. 2023;20
  • 35. Pinto MPdO. Desempenho mecânico de resinas fluidas indicadas na cimentação adesiva de restaurações indiretas: estudo comparativo in vitro. 2018.
  • 36. Althaqafi KA. Effects of Self-Healing Microcapsules on Dental Resin Composites. The University of Manchester (United Kingdom); 2020.
  • 37. Monsarrat P, Garnier S, Vergnes J-N, Nasr K, Grosgogeat B, Joniot S. Survival of directly placed ormocer-based restorative materials: A systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials. Dental Materials. 2017;33(5): e212-e220.
  • 38. Şenol AA, Atali PY, Kahramanoğlu E. Microleakage and Marginal Integrity of Direct and Indirect Composite Resin Restorations in MOD Cavities After Thermo-Mechanical Loading. Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences. 2021;11(3):564-574.
  • 39. Paris Matos Td, Nuñez A, Méndez-Bauer ML, et al. A 24-month clinical evaluation of composite resins with different viscosity and chemical compositions: a randomized clinical trial. Quintessence International. 2023;54(3)
  • 40. Yazkan B, Recen D. Color stability comparisons of different type composite resins after curing and when aged in various staining solutions. 2020;
  • 41. Cardoso I, Machado A, Teixeira D, Basílio F, Marletta A, Soares P. Influence of different cordless light-emitting-diode units and battery levels on chemical, mechanical, and physical properties of composite resin. Operative dentistry. 2020;45(4):377-386.
  • 42. Rueggeberg F. Contemporary issues in photocuring. Compendium of continuing education in dentistry (Jamesburg, NJ: 1995) Supplement. 1999;(25): S4-15; quiz S73.
  • 43. Peutzfeldt A, Asmussen E. Resin composite properties and energy density of light cure. Journal of Dental Research. 2005;84(7):659-662.
  • 44. Silva EMd, Almeida GS, Poskus LT, Guimarães JGA. Relationship between the degree of conversion, solubility and salivary sorption of a hybrid and a nanofilled resin composite. Journal of Applied Oral Science. 2008; 16:161-166.
  • 45. Awliya WY, Al-Alwani DJ, Gashmer ES, Al-Mandil HB. The effect of commonly used types of coffee on surface microhardness and color stability of resin-based composite restorations. The Saudi dental journal. 2010;22(4):177-181.
  • 46. Cangül S, Adigüzel Ö, Tekin S, Öztekin F, Satici Ö. A comparison of the water absorption and water solubility values of four different composite resin materials. Cumhuriyet Dental Journal. 2018;21(4):335-342.
  • 47. Carvalho AA, Moreira FdCL, Fonseca RB, et al. Effect of light sources and curing mode techniques on sorption, solubility and biaxial flexural strength of a composite resin. Journal of Applied Oral Science. 2012; 20:246-252.
  • 48. Heintze SD, Zimmerli B. Relevance of in vitro tests of adhesive and composite dental materials, a review in 3 parts. Part 1: Approval requirements and standardized testing of composite materials according to ISO specifications. Schweizer Monatsschrift fur Zahnmedizin= Revue Mensuelle Suisse D'odonto-stomatologie= Rivista Mensile Svizzera di Odontologia e Stomatologia. 2011;121(9):804-816.
  • 49. Alshali RZ, Salim NA, Satterthwaite JD, Silikas N. Long-term sorption and solubility of bulk-fill and conventional resin-composites in water and artificial saliva. Journal of dentistry. 2015;43(12):1511-1518.
  • 50. Janda R, Roulet JF, Latta M, Rüttermann S. Water sorption and solubility of contemporary resin‐based filling materials. Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part B: Applied Biomaterials: An Official Journal of The Society for Biomaterials, The Japanese Society for Biomaterials, and The Australian Society for Biomaterials and the Korean Society for Biomaterials. 2007;82(2):545-551.
  • 51. Andrade ACM, Kukulka EC, Moecke SE, et al. Optical properties stability of light-cured versus pre-cured CAD-CAM composites. IEEE; 2022:1-6.
  • 52. İskender N, Ersöz B, Aydin N, Karaoğlanoğlu S, Oktay EA. Investigation of Water Absorption and Color Change of Indirect Composite Resins. European Annals of Dental Sciences. 2021;48(2):46-51.

Farklı Polimerizasyon Modlarının Akışkan Kompozitlerin Renk Stabilitesi, Su Emilimi ve Suda Çözünürlüğü Üzerine Etkisi

Year 2025, Volume: 12 Issue: 2, 289 - 297, 22.08.2025
https://doi.org/10.15311/selcukdentj.1562978

Abstract

Amaç: Çalışmamız, anterior bölgede kullanılan akışkan kompozit rezinlerin 3. nesil LED ışık cihazının farklı modları ile polimerize edildikten sonra kahve ve distile sudaki renk değişimleri, su emilimleri ve suda çözünürlüklerinin değerlendirilmesini amaçlamaktadır.
Gereç ve Yöntemler: İki farklı yüksek dolduruculu akışkan nanohibrit kompozit (GrandioSO Heavy Flow (Voco) ve GrandioSO Flow (Voco)), bir ormoser esaslı akışkan nanohibrit kompozit (Admira Fusion Flow (Voco)), bir geleneksel nanohibrit kompozit (GrandioSO (Voco)) kontrol grubu olarak kullanıldı ve 3. nesil LED cihazının farklı modları (standart, yüksek güç, ekstra güç) kullanılarak polimerize edildi. Spektrofotometre kullanılarak başlangıç renk ölçümleri yapılan örnekler, kahve ve distile suda bekletilerek, renk ölçümleri 1., 7., 14. ve 28. günlerde tekrarlandı ve renk değişim değerleri (ΔE) hesaplandı. Su emilimi ve suda çözünürlük için numuneler distile suda bekletildi ve ağırlıkları hassas terazi ile 1., 7., 14. ve 28. günlerde ölçülerek ağırlık kazancı su emilimi olarak; 28 gün sonra ağırlık kaybı ise suda çözünürlük olarak değerlendirildi. Veriler, tek yönlü ANOVA ve Tukey post-hoc testleri ile analiz edildi (p<0.05).
Bulgular: Kahvede bekletilen aynı kompozit grupların farklı polimerizasyon modlarının karşılaştırılmasında, tüm günlerde ekstra güç modu kullanılırken en yüksek ∆E değerlerine ulaştığı belirlenmiştir (p<0.05). Aynı kompozit gruplarının farklı polimerizasyon modları karşılaştırıldığında, tüm günlerde GrandioSO Flow’un standart modu kullanılırken en fazla su emilim değerlerine ulaştığı görülürken (p<0.05); ekstra güç modu ile işlenen GrandioSO Heavy Flow en yüksek çözünürlük değerlerini sergilemiştir (p<0.05).
Sonuç: Restoratif materyallerin bileşimlerinin ve farklı polimerizasyon modlarının, kompozitlerin renk stabilitesini, su emilimini ve suda çözünürlüğünü etkileyebileceği sonucuna varılabilir.

Supporting Institution

VOCO

Thanks

VOCO

References

  • 1. Huang W, Ren L, Cheng Y, et al. Evaluation of the Color Stability, Water Sorption, and Solubility of Current Resin Composites. Materials. 2022;15(19):6710.
  • 2. Misilli T, Gönülol N. Water sorption and solubility of bulk-fill composites polymerized with a third generation LED LCU. Brazilian oral research. 2017;31: e80.
  • 3. Kamalak H, Altin S, Canbay CA. Diş Hekimliğinde Sıklıkla Kullanılan Bulk Fill Akıcı Kompozit Materyallerinin Yüzey Pörozitesinin Değerlendirilmesi. FÜ Sağ Bil Tıp Derg. 2017; 31:121-6.
  • 4. Fidan M, Dereli Z. Akıcı Kompozitler: Bir Literatür Derlemesi. Selcuk Dental Journal. 2021;8(3):902-915.
  • 5. Salerno M, Derchi G, Thorat S, Ceseracciu L, Ruffilli R, Barone AC. Surface morphology and mechanical properties of new-generation flowable resin composites for dental restoration. Dental Materials. 2011;27(12):1221-1228.
  • 6. Erdemir U, Yıldız E, Eren MM. Effects of sports drinks on color stability of nanofilled and microhybrid composites after long-term immersion. Journal of dentistry. 2012;40: e55-e63.
  • 7. Evran B, Bakır EP. Farklı estetik kompozit rezinlerin renk stabilitesi ve su emilimlerinin incelenmesi. 7tepe Klinik Dergisi. 19(1):46-52.
  • 8. Mansouri SA, Zidan AZ. Effect of water sorption and solubility on color stability of bulk-fill resin composite. 2018;
  • 9. Darabi F, Seyed-Monir A, Mihandoust S, Maleki D. The effect of preheating of composite resin on its color stability after immersion in tea and coffee solutions: An in-vitro study. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Dentistry. 2019;11(12): e1151.
  • 10. Barutcigil Ç, Yıldız M. Intrinsic and extrinsic discoloration of dimethacrylate and silorane based composites. Journal of Dentistry. 2012;40: e57-e63.
  • 11. Yazici AR, Celik C, Dayangaç B, Özgünaltay G. The effect of curing units and staining solutions on the color stability of resin composites. Operative dentistry. 2007;32(6):616-622.
  • 12. Nasim I, Neelakantan P, Sujeer R, Subbarao C. Color stability of microfilled, microhybrid and nanocomposite resins—an in vitro study. Journal of Dentistry. 2010;38: e137-e142.
  • 13. Janda R, Roulet J-F, Latta M, Kaminsky M. Effect of exponential polymerization on color stability of resin-based filling materials. Dental Materials. 2007;23(6):696-704.
  • 14. Ardu S, Duc O, Di Bella E, Krejci I. Color stability of recent composite resins. Odontology. 2017; 105:29-35.
  • 15. Al-Samadani KH. Color stability of restorative materials in response to Arabic coffee, Turkish coffee and Nescafe. The journal of contemporary dental practice. 2013;14(4):681.
  • 16. Ertas E, Gueler AU, Yuecel AC, Köprülü H, Güler E. Color stability of resin composites after immersion in different drinks. Dental materials journal. 2006;25(2):371-376.
  • 17. Örtengren U, Wellendorf H, Karlsson S, Ruyter I. Water sorption and solubility of dental composites and identification of monomers released in an aqueous environment. Journal of oral rehabilitation. 2001;28(12):1106-1115.
  • 18. Toledano M, Osorio R, Osorio E, Fuentes V, Prati C, Garcıa-Godoy F. Sorption and solubility of resin-based restorative dental materials. Journal of dentistry. 2003;31(1):43-50.
  • 19. Gonulol N, Ozer S, Sen Tunc E. Water sorption, solubility, and color stability of giomer restoratives. Journal of esthetic and restorative dentistry. 2015;27(5):300-306.
  • 20. Mirdas A, Dündar A, Barutçugil Ç. Rezin İçerikli Restoratif Materyallerin Yüzey Pürüzlülüğünün, Su Emilimi ve Suda Çözünürlüklerinin İn Vitro Olarak İncelenmesi. Akdeniz Diş Hekimliği Dergisi. 2023;2(1):1-8.
  • 21. Flury S, Lussi A, Hickel R, Ilie N. Light curing through glass ceramics with a second-and a third-generation LED curing unit: effect of curing mode on the degree of conversion of dual-curing resin cements. Clinical oral investigations. 2013; 17:2127-2137.
  • 22. Rüttermann S, Servos A, Raab WH-M, Janda R. In vitro effect of light-emitting diode light polymerization on the color stability of three resin-based restorative materials. Acta Odontologica Scandinavica. 2008;66(1):43-49.
  • 23. Ultradent Products I. VALO cordless: introduction for use. https://downloads.ctfassets.net/wfptrcrbtkd0/673R5hNkPykuUK6t268lb8/7c55b901d0f3433cf18efe75c128a446/VALO-Cordless-Curing-Light-IFU-88920AR15.pdf
  • 24. Arregui M, Giner L, Ferrari M, Vallés M, Mercadé M. Six-month color change and water sorption of 9 new-generation flowable composites in 6 staining solutions. Brazilian oral research. 2016;30
  • 25. Savas S, Colgecen O, Yasa B, Kucukyilmaz E. Color stability, roughness, and water sorption/solubility of glass ionomer–Based restorative materials. Nigerian journal of clinical practice. 2019;22(6):824-832.
  • 26. de Oliveira NG, Espíndola-Castro LF, Rocha JC, et al. Influence of the self-adhering strategy on microhardness, sorption, solubility, color stability, and cytotoxicity compared to bulk-fill and conventional resin composites. Clinical Oral Investigations. 2022;26(11):6663-6670.
  • 27. Llena C, Fernández S, Forner L. Color stability of nanohybrid resin-based composites, ormocers and compomers. Clinical Oral Investigations. 2017; 21:1071-1077.
  • 28. Yapar Mİ, Pınar G. Farklı içeceklerde bekletilen siloran ve dimetakrilat esaslı kompozitlerin renk stabilitelerinin karşılaştırılması. Acta Odontologica Turcica. 2015;32(2):51-56.
  • 29. Espíndola-Castro L-F. Evaluation of microhardness, sorption, solubility, and color stability of bulk fill resins: A comparative study. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Dentistry. 2020;12(11): e1033.
  • 30. Cabadağ ÖG, Misilli T. Color Stability of Preheated Novel Composite Resins Immersed in Different Beverages: In Vitro Study. Turkiye Klinikleri Dishekimligi Bilimleri Dergisi. 2022;28(2):434-441.
  • 31. Çelik N, Sağsöz Ö, Gündoğdu M. Farkli içeceklerin posterior kompozitlerin renk değişikliği ve yüzey pürüzlülüğü üzerine etkisinin değerlendirilmesi. Atatürk Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Dergisi. 2017;27(1):27-33.
  • 32. Tuncer D, Polatoğlu S, Ünver H, Çelik Ç. The Effect of Different Polymerizatıon Procedures on Color Stability of Indirect Resin Restorations. European Journal of Research in Dentistry. 2022;6(1):18-24.
  • 33. ElEmbaby AE, Slais M, Alawami A, et al. Spectrophotometric analysis of different flowable restorative materials. The Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice. 2021;22(2):111-116.
  • 34. Azizi F, Ezoji F, Khafri S, Esmaeili B. Surface Micro-Hardness and Wear Resistance of a Self-Adhesive Flowable Composite in Comparison to Conventional Flowable Composites. Frontiers in Dentistry. 2023;20
  • 35. Pinto MPdO. Desempenho mecânico de resinas fluidas indicadas na cimentação adesiva de restaurações indiretas: estudo comparativo in vitro. 2018.
  • 36. Althaqafi KA. Effects of Self-Healing Microcapsules on Dental Resin Composites. The University of Manchester (United Kingdom); 2020.
  • 37. Monsarrat P, Garnier S, Vergnes J-N, Nasr K, Grosgogeat B, Joniot S. Survival of directly placed ormocer-based restorative materials: A systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials. Dental Materials. 2017;33(5): e212-e220.
  • 38. Şenol AA, Atali PY, Kahramanoğlu E. Microleakage and Marginal Integrity of Direct and Indirect Composite Resin Restorations in MOD Cavities After Thermo-Mechanical Loading. Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences. 2021;11(3):564-574.
  • 39. Paris Matos Td, Nuñez A, Méndez-Bauer ML, et al. A 24-month clinical evaluation of composite resins with different viscosity and chemical compositions: a randomized clinical trial. Quintessence International. 2023;54(3)
  • 40. Yazkan B, Recen D. Color stability comparisons of different type composite resins after curing and when aged in various staining solutions. 2020;
  • 41. Cardoso I, Machado A, Teixeira D, Basílio F, Marletta A, Soares P. Influence of different cordless light-emitting-diode units and battery levels on chemical, mechanical, and physical properties of composite resin. Operative dentistry. 2020;45(4):377-386.
  • 42. Rueggeberg F. Contemporary issues in photocuring. Compendium of continuing education in dentistry (Jamesburg, NJ: 1995) Supplement. 1999;(25): S4-15; quiz S73.
  • 43. Peutzfeldt A, Asmussen E. Resin composite properties and energy density of light cure. Journal of Dental Research. 2005;84(7):659-662.
  • 44. Silva EMd, Almeida GS, Poskus LT, Guimarães JGA. Relationship between the degree of conversion, solubility and salivary sorption of a hybrid and a nanofilled resin composite. Journal of Applied Oral Science. 2008; 16:161-166.
  • 45. Awliya WY, Al-Alwani DJ, Gashmer ES, Al-Mandil HB. The effect of commonly used types of coffee on surface microhardness and color stability of resin-based composite restorations. The Saudi dental journal. 2010;22(4):177-181.
  • 46. Cangül S, Adigüzel Ö, Tekin S, Öztekin F, Satici Ö. A comparison of the water absorption and water solubility values of four different composite resin materials. Cumhuriyet Dental Journal. 2018;21(4):335-342.
  • 47. Carvalho AA, Moreira FdCL, Fonseca RB, et al. Effect of light sources and curing mode techniques on sorption, solubility and biaxial flexural strength of a composite resin. Journal of Applied Oral Science. 2012; 20:246-252.
  • 48. Heintze SD, Zimmerli B. Relevance of in vitro tests of adhesive and composite dental materials, a review in 3 parts. Part 1: Approval requirements and standardized testing of composite materials according to ISO specifications. Schweizer Monatsschrift fur Zahnmedizin= Revue Mensuelle Suisse D'odonto-stomatologie= Rivista Mensile Svizzera di Odontologia e Stomatologia. 2011;121(9):804-816.
  • 49. Alshali RZ, Salim NA, Satterthwaite JD, Silikas N. Long-term sorption and solubility of bulk-fill and conventional resin-composites in water and artificial saliva. Journal of dentistry. 2015;43(12):1511-1518.
  • 50. Janda R, Roulet JF, Latta M, Rüttermann S. Water sorption and solubility of contemporary resin‐based filling materials. Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part B: Applied Biomaterials: An Official Journal of The Society for Biomaterials, The Japanese Society for Biomaterials, and The Australian Society for Biomaterials and the Korean Society for Biomaterials. 2007;82(2):545-551.
  • 51. Andrade ACM, Kukulka EC, Moecke SE, et al. Optical properties stability of light-cured versus pre-cured CAD-CAM composites. IEEE; 2022:1-6.
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There are 52 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Restorative Dentistry
Journal Section Research
Authors

Nilgün Akgül 0000-0002-6732-0485

Ezgi Coşkun 0009-0003-8610-3472

Publication Date August 22, 2025
Submission Date October 7, 2024
Acceptance Date June 16, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 12 Issue: 2

Cite

Vancouver Akgül N, Coşkun E. Farklı Polimerizasyon Modlarının Akışkan Kompozitlerin Renk Stabilitesi, Su Emilimi ve Suda Çözünürlüğü Üzerine Etkisi. Selcuk Dent J. 2025;12(2):289-97.