TR
EN
Foliar Urea Fertilization of Cereals II
Abstract
It has been suggested that there are several potential benefits of providing nitrogen to cereals via the follage as urea solution. These include: reduced nitrogen losses through denitrification and leaching compared with nitrogen fertilizer applications to the soil; the ability to provide nitrogen when root activity is impaired e.g.. in saline or dry conditions, and uptake late in the season to Increase grain nitrogen concentration. Factors that influence the degree of foliar absorption in field conditions have not, however, been clearly defined and losses to the atmosphere and soil can occur. Foliar urea applications may also hinder crop productivity although the explanations for this vary, and include desiccation of leaf cells, aqueous ammonia and urea toxicity, biuret contamination and the disruption of carbohydrate metabolism. It has not yet been determined which one, or combinations, of these mechanisms are most important in field situations. When damage has not been severe, foliar urea applications have increased grain yield, particularly when applied before flag leaf emergence and when nitrogen availability is limiting. Increases in grain nitrogen content are often larger when applications of nitrogen fertilizers to the soil are reduced, and when the urea solution is sprayed either at anthesis or during the following two weeks. It is during this period that follar urea sprays can be of greater benefit than soil applications with regard to nitrogen utilization by the crop. Increases in wheat grain nitrogen concentration following urea application can improve breadmaking quality. Responses in loaf quality may, however, be variable particularly when increases in grain nitrogen content have been large, and/or when the nitrogen: sulphur ratio in the grain is increased. These circumstances have lead to alterations in the proportions of the different protein fractions which influence breadmaking potential. To exploit the full potential benefits of follar urea application to cereals, more needs to be know about the mechanisms, and thus how to prevent losses of nitrogen from the foliage, and to reduce the phytotoxic influences of sprays. More information is also required to exploit the reported effects that urea may have on limiting the development of cereal diseases.
Keywords
Supporting Institution
SELÇUK ÜNİVERSİTESİ
References
- Bell, P.M. and Simmonds, D.H., 1963. The protein composition of different flours and its relationship to nitrogen content and baking performance. Cereal Chem 40: 121.
- Below, F.E., Crafts-Brabender, S.J., Harper, J.E. and Hageman, R.H., 1985. Uptake, distribution, and remobilisation of 15N-labelled urea applied to maize cano- ples. Agron J 77: 412-415.
- Below, F.E., Lambert, R.J. and Hageman, R.H., 1984. Foliar applications of nutrients on maize I. Yield and N content of grain and stover. Agron J 76: 773-777.
- Below, F.E., Lambert, R.J. and Hageman, R.H., 1984. Follar applications of nutrients on maize II. Physiological responses. Agron J 76: 777-784.
- Bhowmik, P.C. and Seth, J., 1968. Effect of soil and follar application of urea on yield and quality of wheat. Proc Nat Acad Sci India 38: 307-312 . Bowman, D.C. and Paul, J.L., 1990. Volatilization and rapid depletion of urea spray- applied to Kentucky bluegrass turf. J. Plant Nutrition 13: 1335-1344.
- Burlaku, I.N., 1975. The effect of foliar spraying on nitrogen metabolism in winter wheat plants. Agrokhimiya 4: 23-34.
- Chesnin, L. and Shafer, N., 1953. Foliage application of urea solutions to grain and forage crops. Agron J. 45: 576.
- Chamberlain, N., Collins, T.H. and McDermott, E.E., 1982. The effect of alpha- amylase activity on loaf properties in the UK. Proc. 8th World Cereal Bread Cong Prague pp. 841-845.
Details
Primary Language
English
Subjects
Cereals and Legumes
Journal Section
Research Article
Publication Date
July 15, 1997
Submission Date
January 5, 1997
Acceptance Date
February 25, 1997
Published in Issue
Year 1997 Volume: 11 Number: 15
APA
Sade, B., & Soylu, S. (1997). Foliar Urea Fertilization of Cereals II. Selcuk Journal of Agriculture and Food Sciences, 11(15), 140-154. https://izlik.org/JA97TB22BA
AMA
1.Sade B, Soylu S. Foliar Urea Fertilization of Cereals II. Selcuk J Agr Food Sci. 1997;11(15):140-154. https://izlik.org/JA97TB22BA
Chicago
Sade, Bayram, and Süleyman Soylu. 1997. “Foliar Urea Fertilization of Cereals II”. Selcuk Journal of Agriculture and Food Sciences 11 (15): 140-54. https://izlik.org/JA97TB22BA.
EndNote
Sade B, Soylu S (July 1, 1997) Foliar Urea Fertilization of Cereals II. Selcuk Journal of Agriculture and Food Sciences 11 15 140–154.
IEEE
[1]B. Sade and S. Soylu, “Foliar Urea Fertilization of Cereals II”, Selcuk J Agr Food Sci, vol. 11, no. 15, pp. 140–154, July 1997, [Online]. Available: https://izlik.org/JA97TB22BA
ISNAD
Sade, Bayram - Soylu, Süleyman. “Foliar Urea Fertilization of Cereals II”. Selcuk Journal of Agriculture and Food Sciences 11/15 (July 1, 1997): 140-154. https://izlik.org/JA97TB22BA.
JAMA
1.Sade B, Soylu S. Foliar Urea Fertilization of Cereals II. Selcuk J Agr Food Sci. 1997;11:140–154.
MLA
Sade, Bayram, and Süleyman Soylu. “Foliar Urea Fertilization of Cereals II”. Selcuk Journal of Agriculture and Food Sciences, vol. 11, no. 15, July 1997, pp. 140-54, https://izlik.org/JA97TB22BA.
Vancouver
1.Bayram Sade, Süleyman Soylu. Foliar Urea Fertilization of Cereals II. Selcuk J Agr Food Sci [Internet]. 1997 Jul. 1;11(15):140-54. Available from: https://izlik.org/JA97TB22BA