Evaluation of Seed Germination in Mung Bean (Vigna radiata L.) Varieties Vima 1 and Kutilang After Gamma Irradiation

Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of gamma irradiation on seed germination characteristics and seedling vigor in two mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) varieties, Vima 1 and Kutilang. Five levels of gamma irradiation doses were applied: 0 Gy, 100 Gy, 200 Gy, 300 Gy, and 400 Gy, using a factorial Completely Randomized Design with three replications. The observed parameters included seed viability (germination percentage, normal and abnormal seedlings, hard seeds, fresh but ungerminated seeds, and dead seeds), vigor index, as well as several seed and germination morphological traits. The results showed that gamma radiation significantly affected seed germination quality and morphological trait variation. The highest heritability and genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) were observed in hypocotyl length, width, and diameter, indicating that these three traits are genetically controlled and have potential for selection. Conversely, seed size traits exhibited lower variability but remained stable across all treatments. Gamma doses of 100–200 Gy maintained seed vigor and germination above the Indonesian National Standard (SNI) (≥85%), while higher doses (300–400 Gy) resulted in a significant decline in both germination and vigor.

Keywords

• genotypic
• germination
• heritability
• mungbean
• mutation
• viability

Maş Fasulyesi (Vigna radiata L.) Çeşitlerinde Vima 1 ve Kutilang'da Gama Işınlaması Sonrası Tohum Çimlenmesinin Değerlendirilmesi

Abstract

Bu çalışma, gama ışınlamasının iki maş fasulyesi (Vigna radiata L.) çeşidi olan Vima 1 ve Kutilang'ın tohum çimlenme özellikleri ve fide canlılığı üzerindeki etkilerini değerlendirmeyi amaçlamıştır. Gama ışınlaması beş dozda uygulanmıştır: 0 Gy, 100 Gy, 200 Gy, 300 Gy ve 400 Gy. Deneme, üç tekerrürlü faktöriyel Rastgele Bloklar Deneme Deseni kullanılarak yürütülmüştür. Gözlemlenen parametreler arasında tohum canlılığı (çimlenme yüzdesi, normal ve anormal fideler, sert tohumlar, taze ama çimlenmemiş tohumlar ve ölü tohumlar), canlılık indeksi ve çeşitli morfolojik tohum ve çimlenme özellikleri yer almıştır. Sonuçlar, gama ışınlamasının tohum çimlenme kalitesi ve morfolojik özellik varyasyonu üzerinde anlamlı bir etkiye sahip olduğunu göstermiştir. En yüksek kalıtsallık ve genotipik varyasyon katsayısı (GCV) hipokotil uzunluğu, genişliği ve çapı özelliklerinde gözlemlenmiş olup, bu üç özelliğin genetik olarak kontrol edildiğini ve seleksiyon için potansiyele sahip olduğunu göstermektedir. Buna karşılık, tohum boyutu özellikleri daha düşük değişkenlik göstermiş ancak tüm uygulamalarda istikrarlı kalmıştır. 100–200 Gy gama dozları, tohum canlılığı ve çimlenmesini Endonezya Ulusal Standardı (SNI) (≥%85) üzerinde tutarken, daha yüksek dozlar (300–400 Gy) hem çimlenme hem de canlılıkta önemli bir düşüşe neden olmuştur.

Keywords

• genotipik
• çimlenme
• kalıtsallık
• maş fasulyesi
• mutasyon
• yaşayabilirlik

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