Modeling of Moisture-Dependent Properties And Mineral Contents of Dry Mushroom

Year 2014, Volume: 28 Issue: 1, 22 - 28, 15.09.2015

Mustafa Paksoy , Cevat Aydın , Önder Türkmen , Musa Seymen

Abstract

In this study, mineral contents and some physical properties, important for the design of equipments for harvesting, processing, transportation, sorting, separation and packaging of white button mushroom, Agaricus bisporus (Lange), were researched. Those properties were evaluated as a function of moisture content for the moisture range from 11.55 to 76.91 % dry base (d.b.) by rewetting dry white button mushrooms.

In results, the average  cap maximum and minimum diameter,  capheight, carpophoresheight, geometric mean diameter, sphericity, mass weight and  volume were obtained as 29.96, 23.12, 17.19, 30.48, 22.91 mm, 81.07 %, 1.08 g, and 2.93 cm³, respectively. The bulk density, true density and terminal velocity increased from 65.24 to 115.65 kg m^-3, 375.8 to 394.6 kg m^-3 and 5.77 to 8.05 m s^-1 respectively. Whereas porosity and sphericity decreased from 82.64 to 70.69% and 78.39 to 74.9% under the increments of moisture content from 11.55 to 76.91 % d.b. in dry mushroom. Mathematical model were developed for the physical properties. Furthermore, mineral contents of dry mushroom such as N, P, K, Zn and Fe were 5.73 1.34, 3.54 %, 41.21 and 26.67 g kg^-1, respectively.

Keywords

Dry mushroom, Moisture, Physical properties, Minerals.

References

• AOAC (1984). Official Methods of Analysis (14th ed.). VA, USA: Association of Official Analytical chemists, Arlington.
• Aviara NA, Gwandzang ML, Hague MA (1999). Physical properties of guna seeds. J. Agric. Eng. Res. 73:105-111.
• Chang ST, Buswell JA (1996). Mushroom nutriceuticals. World Journal of Microbiology & Biotechnology. 12, 473-476.
• Colak M (2004). Temperature profiles of Agaricus bisporus in compositing stages and effects of different compost formulas and casing materials. African J of Biotechnology Vol 3 (9), 456-462.
• Çarman K (1996). Some physical properties of lentil seeds. Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research, 63:87-92.
• Deshpande SD, Bal S, Ojha TP (1993). Physical properties of soya bean. Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research, 56:89-98.
• Dutta SK, Nema VK, Bhardwaj RK (1988). Physical properties of gram. J. Agric. Eng. Res. 39:259-268.
• Gupta RK, Das SK (1997). Physical properties of sunflower seeds. J. Agric. Eng. Res. 66:1-8.
• Günay A (2005). Özel Sebzecilik. ISBN: 975-00725-2-9 (Cilt 2)
• Heinemann PH, Hughes R, Morrow CT, Sommer HJ, Beelmam RB, Wuest PJ (1994). Grading of mushrooms using a machine vision system. Trans. ASAE 37(5), 1671–1677.
• Holtz B, Scheisler L (1986). Utilization of fatty acid by Agaricus bisporus in commercial culture. Mycologia 78 (5), 722-727.
• Joshi DC, Das SK, Mukherjee RK (1993). Physical properties of pumpkin seeds. J. Agric. Eng. Res. 54:219-229.
• Kues U, Liu Y (2000). Fruiting body production in Basidiomycetes. J Applied Microbiology & Biotechnology 54,141-152.
• Makanjuola GA (1972). A study of some of the physical properties of melon seeds. J. Agric. Eng. Res. 17:128-137.
• Manzi P, Aguzzi A, Pizzoferrato L (2001). Nutrition value of mushrooms widely consumed in Italy. Food Chemistry 71, 321-325.
• Mizuno T (1995). Bioactive biomolecules of mushrooms: food function and medicinal effect of mushroom fungi. Food Review International 11, 7-21.
• Mohsenin NN (1970). Physical Properties of Plant and Animal Materials. Gordon and Breach Science Publishers, New York.
• Nimkar PM, Chattopadhyaya PM (2001). Some physical properties of green gram. J. Agric. Eng. Res. 80:183-189.
• Ögüt H (1998). Some physical properties of white lupin. J of Agric. Eng. Res. 56:273-277.
• Paksoy M, Aydin C (2004). Some physical properties of edible squash (Cucurbita pepo L.) seeds. Journal of Food Engineering, 65:225-231.
• Razavi SMA, Milani E (2006). Some physical properties of the watermelon seeds. African Journal of Agricultural Research. Vol. 1 (3):065-069.
• Screenarayanan VV, Visvanathan R, Subramanian V (1998). Physical and thermal properties of soybean. J. Agric. Eng. 25:76-82.
• Singh KP, Mishra HN, Supradip S (1996). Moisture-dependent properties of barnyard millet grain and kernel. Journal of Food Engineering, 96, 598-606.
• Singh KK, Goswami TK (1996). Physical properties of cumin seed. J. Agric. Eng. Res. 64:93-98.
• Sitkei G (1986). Mechnics of Agricultural Materials. Budapest: Akademiai Kiado.
• SSI (2005). Agricultural Structure. Turkish Statistical Institute. Ankara, Turkey.
• Straatsma G, Gerrits Jan. PG, Thissen Jac TNM, Amsing Jos GM, Loeffen H, Van Griensven Leo JLD (2000). Adjustment of the composting process for mushroom cultivation based on initial sustrate composion. Bioresource Technology 72, 67-74.
• Visvanathan R, Palanisamy PT, Gothandapani L, Screenarayanan VV (1996). Physical properties of neem nut. J. Agric. Eng. Res. 63:19-26.