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Effects on Tomato Bacterial Canker of Resistance Inducers and Copper Compounds in Greenhouse

Year 2014, Volume: 28 Issue: 1, 1 - 10, 15.09.2015

Kubilay Baştaş

Abstract

Bacterial canker of tomato caused by Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis produces considerable economic losses in many countries because effective control measures are lacking. In this study, the effectiveness of some chemicals, a plant growth regulator (Prohexadione-Ca (PC)), two plant activators (hydrogen peroxide (HP)) and harpin protein (Hrp), fungicides, maneb+copper (MC), copper compounds (copper sulfate pentahydrate (CSP) copper hydroxide (CH) and copper oxychloride (CO)) and an antibiotic, streptomycin sulphate on the pathogen were assessed in vitro and in vivo on two tomato cultivars, Newton and Orient. In Hrp and HP treated plants, reduction in disease severity (about 45%) was correlated with suppression of bacterial growth during the time course of infection. The activities of POX, GPX and PAL enzymes were determined at 5th day as markers of resistance and applications of Hrp, PC and HP induced a progressive and significant increase of both enzymes in locally treated tissues. Only PC treatments have decreased plant heights and the effectiveness of PC in reduction of plant heigths was up to 40%. Among copper compounds, CSP and CO combination with Maneb were the most effective on the disease severity (about 50%).  In addition, CSP combination with Hrp, HP and PC significantly limited the pathogen population in vitro and they showed considerable effects on the disease symptoms compared with CSP alone. We conclude that Hrp, HP and PC may be useful in controlling external symptoms of this disease in greenhouses, and is environmentally friendly, reducing the amount of copper applied to crops.

Keywords

Clavibacter michiganensis antioxidative enzymes induced resistance tomato harpin hydrogen peroxide prohexadione-Ca

References

  • Anonymous (1996). Standard pesticide experiment methods to fire blight disease [E. amylovora (Burr.) Winslow et al.] on pears, quinces and apples. Standard Pesticide Experiment Methods for Agricultural Control. Vol. 2, Plant Diseases. TAGEM, Ankara. 261 p.
  • Anonymous (2000). Council Directive 2000/29/EC of 8 May 2000 on protective measures against the introduction into the community of organisms harmful to plants or plant products and against their spread within the community. Office for Official Publications of the European Communities. Consolidated Text, pp. 1–39.
  • Bastas K K, Maden S (2004). Control of Fire Blight (Erwinia amylovora (Burr.) Winslow et al.) by Prohexadione-Ca (BAS 125 10 W) and Benzothiadiazole + Metalaxyl (BION MX 44 WG). Selcuk University Journal of Agriculture Faculty 18 (33): 49 – 58.
  • Bastas K K, Maden S, Katırcioglu YZ, BoyrazN (2010). Determining of Application Time for Chemical Control of Fire Blight Disease in Pear Varieties, Journal of Agricultural Sciences Ankara University Faculty of Agriculture 16 (3), 150-161.
  • Baysal O, Gursoy YZ, Ornek H, Duru A (2005). Induction of oxidants in tomato leaves treated with DL-b-Amino butyric acid (BABA) and infected with Clavibacter michiganensis ssp. Michiganensis. European Journal of Plant Pathology 112: 361–369.
  • Bestwick CS, Brown IR, Mansfield JW (1998). Localized changes in peroxidase activity accompany hydrogen peroxide generation during the development of a non-host hypersensitive reaction inlettuce. Plant Physiol 118:1067 – 1078.
  • Boudyach EH, Fatmi M, Akhayat O, Benizri E, Ait Ben Aoumar A (2001). Selection of antagonistic bacteria of Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis and evaluation of their efficiency against bacterial canker of tomato. Biocontrol Sci. Technol. 11, 141–149.
  • Bradford M (1976). A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Analytical Biochemistry 72: 248-254.
  • Brisson LF, Tenhaken R and Lamb CJ (1994). Function of oxidative cross-linking of cell wall structural proteins in plant disease resistance. Plant Cell 6: 1703–1712.
  • Byers RE, Yoder KS (1997).The effect of Bas 125 W on apple tree growth, fruit quality and fire blight suppression. HortScience 32 (3) : 557
  • Carlton WM, Braun EJ, Gleason ML (1998). Ingress of Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis into tomato leaves through hydathodes. Phytopathology 88, 525–529.
  • Costa G, Rademacher W (2006). Prohexadione-Ca: More than a growth regulator for pome fruit trees. Acta Hort. 727:107-116.
  • Dixon RA, Lamb CJ. (1990). Molecular communication in interaction between plants and microbial pathogens. Ann Rev Plant Phys and Plant Mol Biol. 41: 339-367.
  • Dreier J, Bermpohl A, Eichenlaub R (1995). Southern hybridization and PCR for specific detection of phytopathogenic Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis. Phytopathology 85, 462–468.
  • El-Abyad MS, El-Sayed MA, El-Shanshoury AR, El-Sabbagh SM (1993). Towards the biological control of fungal and bacterial diseases of tomato using antagonistic Streptomyces spp. Plant Soil 149, 185–195.
  • Evans JR, Evans R R, Regusci CL, Rademacher W (1999). Mode of action, metabolism and uptake of BAS 125W, prohexadione-calcium. HortScience 34 (7) : 1200-1201.
  • Evans RR, JR Evans, Rademacher W (1997). Prohexadione calcium for suppression of vegetative growth in eastern apples. Acta Hortic. 451: 663-666.
  • Gleason ML, Braun EJ, Carlton WM, Peterson RH (1991). Survival and Dissemination of Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis in Tomatoes. Phytopathology, 81(12): 1519-1523.
  • Gleason ML, Gitaitis RD, Ricker MD (1993). Recent Progress in Understanding and Controlling Bacterial Cancer of Tomato in Eastern North America. Plant Dis. 77(11): 1069-1076.
  • Hahlbrock K, Scheel D (1989). Physiology and molecular biology of phenylpropanoid metabolism. Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. Plant Mol. Biol. 40, 347–369.
  • Hausbeck MK, Bell J, Medina-Mora CM, Podolsky R, Fulbright DW (2000). Effect of bactericides on population sizes and spread of Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis on tomatoes in the greenhouse and on disease development and crop yield in the field. Phytopathology 90, 38–44.
  • Jones J (2001). Harpin, Biopesticides, Pesticide Outlook – August 2001The Royal Society of Chemistry DOI: 10.1039/b106934a.
  • Lamb CJ, Dixon RA (1997). The oxidative burst in plant disease resistance. Annual Review of Plant Physiology Plant Molecular Biology 48: 251–275.
  • Levine A, Tenhaken R, Dixon R, Lamb C (1994). H2O2 from the oxidative burst orchestrates the plant hypersensitive disease resistance response. Cell 79: 583–593.
  • Maehly AC, Chance B (1954). The assay of catalases and peroxidases, 1: 357-424. In D. Glick (Ed.), Methods of Biochemical Analysis. Interscience Publishers, Inc.
  • Mehdy MC, Sharma YK, Sathasivan K and Bays NW (1996). The role of activated oxygen species in plant disease resistance. Plant Physiology: 365–374.
  • Momol MT, Ugine JD, Norelli JL, Aldwinckle HS 1999.The effect of prohexadione-Ca SAR inducers and calcium on the control of shoot blight caused by E. amylovora on apple. Acta Hortic. 489: 601-605.
  • Newman SE, (2004). Disinfecting Irrigation Water for Disease Management 20th Annual Conference on Pest Management on Ornamentals February 20-22, 2004. Society of American Florists San Jose, California, 1-10.
  • Nicholson RL, Hammerschmidt R (1992). Phenolic compounds and their role in disease resistance. Annual Review of Phytopathology 30: 369–389.
  • Nunez NE, García N, Medina MG, Miranda R, Rodriguez A, Hernandez D (2005). Efecto sobre el contenido de licopeno de tomate (Lycopersicon esculentum var. Gironda) sembrado en invernadero bajo diferentes sistemas de cultivo con y sin injerto. VII Congreso Nacional de Ciencia de los Alimentos y III Foro Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos, p.340-345.
  • OEPP/EPPO, 2005. Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis. Bull. OEPP-EPPO Bull. 35, 275–283.
  • Padayatt SJ, Daruwala R, Wang Y, Eck PK, Song J, Koh WS, Levine M (2001). Vitamin C: From molecular actions to optimum intake, p.117-145. In: E. Cadenzad and I. Packer (eds.), Handbook of Antioxidants., 2nd ed. Washington. CRC Press.
  • Rademacher W (2000). Growth retardants: effects on gibberellin biosynthesis and other metabolic pathways. Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. 51: 501-531.
  • Rademacher W (2004). Prohexadione-Ca induces resistance to fire blight and other diseases. EPPO Bull. 34: 379-384.
  • Ramireza H, Rancaño AJH, Benavides MA, Mendoza VR, Padron CE (2006). Influencia de promotores de oxidación controlada en hortalizas y su relación con antioxidantes. Rev. Chapingo Serie Hort. 12 (2): 189-195.
  • Ryals JA, Neuenschwander UH, Willits MG, Molina A, Steiner HY, Hunt MD (1996). Systemic acquired resistance. Plant Cell 8, 1809–19.
  • Sherf BA, Bajar AM, Kollattukudy PE (1993). Abolution of an inducible highly anionic peroxidase activity in transgenic tomato. Plant Phsiology 101:201-208.
  • Soylu S, Baysal O, Soylu EM (2003). Induction of disease resistance by the plant activator, acibenzolar-S-methyl (ASM), against bacterial canker (Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis) in tomato seedlings. Plant Sci. 165, 1069–1075.
  • Sticher L, Mauch-Mani B, Metraux JP (1997). Systemic acquired resistance. Annual Reiew of Plant Pathology 35: 235-270.
  • Strider DL (1969). Bacterial canker of tomato caused by Corynebacterium michiganense. A literature review and bibliography. N. C. Agric. Exp. Snt. Tech. Bull. 193.
  • Thyr BD (1969). Assaying Tomato Seed for Corynebacterium michiganense. Plant Dis. Reptr. 53: 858-860.
  • Thyr BD, Webb RE, Jaworski CA, Ratcliffe TJ (1973). Tomato bacterial canker: control by seed treatment. Plant Dis. Rep. 57, 974–977.
  • Tsiantos J (1987). Transmission of bacterium Corynebacterium michiganense pv. michiganense by seeds. Journal of Phytopathology 119, 142–6.
  • Umesha S (2006). Occurrence of bacterial canker in tomato fields of Karnataka and effect of biological seed treatment on disease incidence. Crop. Prot. 25, 375–381.
  • Umesha S (2006). Occurrence of bacterial canker in tomato fields of Karnataka and effect of biological seed treatment on disease incidence. Crop. Prot. 25, 375–381.
  • Wei ZM, Beer SV (1996). Harpin from Erwinia amylovora induces plant resistance. Acta Hortic. 411: 223-225.
  • Werner NA, Fulbright DW, Podolsky R, Bell J, Hausbeck MK (2002). Limiting populations and spread of Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis on seedling tomatoes in the greenhouse. Plant Dis. 86, 535–542.
  • Wojtaszek P (1997). The oxidative burst: A plant's early response against infection. Biochemistry Journal 322: 681–692.

Year 2014, Volume: 28 Issue: 1, 1 - 10, 15.09.2015

Kubilay Baştaş

Abstract

References

  • Anonymous (1996). Standard pesticide experiment methods to fire blight disease [E. amylovora (Burr.) Winslow et al.] on pears, quinces and apples. Standard Pesticide Experiment Methods for Agricultural Control. Vol. 2, Plant Diseases. TAGEM, Ankara. 261 p.
  • Anonymous (2000). Council Directive 2000/29/EC of 8 May 2000 on protective measures against the introduction into the community of organisms harmful to plants or plant products and against their spread within the community. Office for Official Publications of the European Communities. Consolidated Text, pp. 1–39.
  • Bastas K K, Maden S (2004). Control of Fire Blight (Erwinia amylovora (Burr.) Winslow et al.) by Prohexadione-Ca (BAS 125 10 W) and Benzothiadiazole + Metalaxyl (BION MX 44 WG). Selcuk University Journal of Agriculture Faculty 18 (33): 49 – 58.
  • Bastas K K, Maden S, Katırcioglu YZ, BoyrazN (2010). Determining of Application Time for Chemical Control of Fire Blight Disease in Pear Varieties, Journal of Agricultural Sciences Ankara University Faculty of Agriculture 16 (3), 150-161.
  • Baysal O, Gursoy YZ, Ornek H, Duru A (2005). Induction of oxidants in tomato leaves treated with DL-b-Amino butyric acid (BABA) and infected with Clavibacter michiganensis ssp. Michiganensis. European Journal of Plant Pathology 112: 361–369.
  • Bestwick CS, Brown IR, Mansfield JW (1998). Localized changes in peroxidase activity accompany hydrogen peroxide generation during the development of a non-host hypersensitive reaction inlettuce. Plant Physiol 118:1067 – 1078.
  • Boudyach EH, Fatmi M, Akhayat O, Benizri E, Ait Ben Aoumar A (2001). Selection of antagonistic bacteria of Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis and evaluation of their efficiency against bacterial canker of tomato. Biocontrol Sci. Technol. 11, 141–149.
  • Bradford M (1976). A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Analytical Biochemistry 72: 248-254.
  • Brisson LF, Tenhaken R and Lamb CJ (1994). Function of oxidative cross-linking of cell wall structural proteins in plant disease resistance. Plant Cell 6: 1703–1712.
  • Byers RE, Yoder KS (1997).The effect of Bas 125 W on apple tree growth, fruit quality and fire blight suppression. HortScience 32 (3) : 557
  • Carlton WM, Braun EJ, Gleason ML (1998). Ingress of Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis into tomato leaves through hydathodes. Phytopathology 88, 525–529.
  • Costa G, Rademacher W (2006). Prohexadione-Ca: More than a growth regulator for pome fruit trees. Acta Hort. 727:107-116.
  • Dixon RA, Lamb CJ. (1990). Molecular communication in interaction between plants and microbial pathogens. Ann Rev Plant Phys and Plant Mol Biol. 41: 339-367.
  • Dreier J, Bermpohl A, Eichenlaub R (1995). Southern hybridization and PCR for specific detection of phytopathogenic Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis. Phytopathology 85, 462–468.
  • El-Abyad MS, El-Sayed MA, El-Shanshoury AR, El-Sabbagh SM (1993). Towards the biological control of fungal and bacterial diseases of tomato using antagonistic Streptomyces spp. Plant Soil 149, 185–195.
  • Evans JR, Evans R R, Regusci CL, Rademacher W (1999). Mode of action, metabolism and uptake of BAS 125W, prohexadione-calcium. HortScience 34 (7) : 1200-1201.
  • Evans RR, JR Evans, Rademacher W (1997). Prohexadione calcium for suppression of vegetative growth in eastern apples. Acta Hortic. 451: 663-666.
  • Gleason ML, Braun EJ, Carlton WM, Peterson RH (1991). Survival and Dissemination of Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis in Tomatoes. Phytopathology, 81(12): 1519-1523.
  • Gleason ML, Gitaitis RD, Ricker MD (1993). Recent Progress in Understanding and Controlling Bacterial Cancer of Tomato in Eastern North America. Plant Dis. 77(11): 1069-1076.
  • Hahlbrock K, Scheel D (1989). Physiology and molecular biology of phenylpropanoid metabolism. Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. Plant Mol. Biol. 40, 347–369.
  • Hausbeck MK, Bell J, Medina-Mora CM, Podolsky R, Fulbright DW (2000). Effect of bactericides on population sizes and spread of Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis on tomatoes in the greenhouse and on disease development and crop yield in the field. Phytopathology 90, 38–44.
  • Jones J (2001). Harpin, Biopesticides, Pesticide Outlook – August 2001The Royal Society of Chemistry DOI: 10.1039/b106934a.
  • Lamb CJ, Dixon RA (1997). The oxidative burst in plant disease resistance. Annual Review of Plant Physiology Plant Molecular Biology 48: 251–275.
  • Levine A, Tenhaken R, Dixon R, Lamb C (1994). H2O2 from the oxidative burst orchestrates the plant hypersensitive disease resistance response. Cell 79: 583–593.
  • Maehly AC, Chance B (1954). The assay of catalases and peroxidases, 1: 357-424. In D. Glick (Ed.), Methods of Biochemical Analysis. Interscience Publishers, Inc.
  • Mehdy MC, Sharma YK, Sathasivan K and Bays NW (1996). The role of activated oxygen species in plant disease resistance. Plant Physiology: 365–374.
  • Momol MT, Ugine JD, Norelli JL, Aldwinckle HS 1999.The effect of prohexadione-Ca SAR inducers and calcium on the control of shoot blight caused by E. amylovora on apple. Acta Hortic. 489: 601-605.
  • Newman SE, (2004). Disinfecting Irrigation Water for Disease Management 20th Annual Conference on Pest Management on Ornamentals February 20-22, 2004. Society of American Florists San Jose, California, 1-10.
  • Nicholson RL, Hammerschmidt R (1992). Phenolic compounds and their role in disease resistance. Annual Review of Phytopathology 30: 369–389.
  • Nunez NE, García N, Medina MG, Miranda R, Rodriguez A, Hernandez D (2005). Efecto sobre el contenido de licopeno de tomate (Lycopersicon esculentum var. Gironda) sembrado en invernadero bajo diferentes sistemas de cultivo con y sin injerto. VII Congreso Nacional de Ciencia de los Alimentos y III Foro Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos, p.340-345.
  • OEPP/EPPO, 2005. Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis. Bull. OEPP-EPPO Bull. 35, 275–283.
  • Padayatt SJ, Daruwala R, Wang Y, Eck PK, Song J, Koh WS, Levine M (2001). Vitamin C: From molecular actions to optimum intake, p.117-145. In: E. Cadenzad and I. Packer (eds.), Handbook of Antioxidants., 2nd ed. Washington. CRC Press.
  • Rademacher W (2000). Growth retardants: effects on gibberellin biosynthesis and other metabolic pathways. Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. 51: 501-531.
  • Rademacher W (2004). Prohexadione-Ca induces resistance to fire blight and other diseases. EPPO Bull. 34: 379-384.
  • Ramireza H, Rancaño AJH, Benavides MA, Mendoza VR, Padron CE (2006). Influencia de promotores de oxidación controlada en hortalizas y su relación con antioxidantes. Rev. Chapingo Serie Hort. 12 (2): 189-195.
  • Ryals JA, Neuenschwander UH, Willits MG, Molina A, Steiner HY, Hunt MD (1996). Systemic acquired resistance. Plant Cell 8, 1809–19.
  • Sherf BA, Bajar AM, Kollattukudy PE (1993). Abolution of an inducible highly anionic peroxidase activity in transgenic tomato. Plant Phsiology 101:201-208.
  • Soylu S, Baysal O, Soylu EM (2003). Induction of disease resistance by the plant activator, acibenzolar-S-methyl (ASM), against bacterial canker (Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis) in tomato seedlings. Plant Sci. 165, 1069–1075.
  • Sticher L, Mauch-Mani B, Metraux JP (1997). Systemic acquired resistance. Annual Reiew of Plant Pathology 35: 235-270.
  • Strider DL (1969). Bacterial canker of tomato caused by Corynebacterium michiganense. A literature review and bibliography. N. C. Agric. Exp. Snt. Tech. Bull. 193.
  • Thyr BD (1969). Assaying Tomato Seed for Corynebacterium michiganense. Plant Dis. Reptr. 53: 858-860.
  • Thyr BD, Webb RE, Jaworski CA, Ratcliffe TJ (1973). Tomato bacterial canker: control by seed treatment. Plant Dis. Rep. 57, 974–977.
  • Tsiantos J (1987). Transmission of bacterium Corynebacterium michiganense pv. michiganense by seeds. Journal of Phytopathology 119, 142–6.
  • Umesha S (2006). Occurrence of bacterial canker in tomato fields of Karnataka and effect of biological seed treatment on disease incidence. Crop. Prot. 25, 375–381.
  • Umesha S (2006). Occurrence of bacterial canker in tomato fields of Karnataka and effect of biological seed treatment on disease incidence. Crop. Prot. 25, 375–381.
  • Wei ZM, Beer SV (1996). Harpin from Erwinia amylovora induces plant resistance. Acta Hortic. 411: 223-225.
  • Werner NA, Fulbright DW, Podolsky R, Bell J, Hausbeck MK (2002). Limiting populations and spread of Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis on seedling tomatoes in the greenhouse. Plant Dis. 86, 535–542.
  • Wojtaszek P (1997). The oxidative burst: A plant's early response against infection. Biochemistry Journal 322: 681–692.
There are 48 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Review Articles
Authors

Kubilay Baştaş

Publication Date September 15, 2015
Submission Date August 26, 2015
Published in Issue Year 2014 Volume: 28 Issue: 1

Cite

EndNote Baştaş K (September 1, 2015) Effects on Tomato Bacterial Canker of Resistance Inducers and Copper Compounds in Greenhouse. Selcuk Journal of Agriculture and Food Sciences 28 1 1–10.

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