Modeling Just-in-Time distribution in a Green Supply Chain

Year 2019, , 93 - 103, 30.04.2019

Batuhan Eren Engin , Turan Paksoy

https://doi.org/10.29249/selcuksbmyd.476247

Abstract

The right-on-time distribution of goods to the end-users plays an
important role in nowadays competitive market. Companies intend to find the
balance between organizational cost and environmental footprint, which is a
challenging practice, as these objectives are usually conflicting. In this
context, from a practical point, managers are willing to find a good compromise
solution to both satisfy economic and environmental goals while they need to
make sure that the products are delivered right-on-time to the demand point,
thereby reducing inventory costs. This study aims to research the
inter-relationship between holding inventory at warehouses and retailers to
satisfy the demand right-on-time, and its impact on costs and carbon emissions.
Three echelon distribution network consisting of manufacturers, warehouses and
retailers is developed and three objectives; i.e., total distribution and
manufacturing cost, total carbon emission associated with storing and handling
of goods at warehouses and retailers, and the sum of backordered goods from
retailers and surpluses of goods at retailers, are considered. The developed
model decides the quantity of products transported from factories to warehouses
and from there, to retailers to satisfy the demand realized at retailers. The
model also decides the sizes of factories and warehouses to be opened. To solve
this multi-objective, green supply chain involving Just-in-time distribution,
we applied fuzzy weighted additive model developed by Tiwari ve diğ. (1987). From a practical point of view, this method
offers a great tool for managers and practitioners as it optimizes multiple
objectives simultaneously. This method allows the managers to adjust the
relative importance ratios for each objective function, which also helps the
managers to truly manage the network performance measures. 

Keywords

Multi-Objective Optimization, Green Supply Chain, Just-In-Time Distribution

Yeşil Tedarik Zincirinde Tam Zamanında Dağıtım Modellemesi

Abstract

Son kullanıcılara malların doğru zamanda dağıtımı günümüz
rekabetçi piyasasında önemli bir rol oynamaktadır. Bu bağlamda, yöneticiler,
ekonomik ve çevresel hedefleri doğrultusunda uygun bir çözüm bulma gayreti
içindeyken aynı zamanda, ürünlerin talep noktalarına tam zamanında teslim
edilmesini ve böylece stok maliyetlerinin düşürülmesini de sağlamalıdırlar. Bu
çalışma, dağıtım noktaları ve perakendecilerdeki stok tutma ile talebi doğru
zamanda karşılamak arasındaki ilişkiyi ve dolayısıyla stok tutma maliyetleri
ile ve karbon emisyonları arasında ilişkiyi araştırmayı hedeflemektedir. Bu
sebeple, fabrika, depo ve perakendecilerden oluşan üç kademeli dağıtım ağı
geliştirilmiş ve üç amaç fonksiyonu; 
toplam dağıtım ve üretim maliyeti, depolarda ve perakendecilerde
ürünlerin depolanması ve elleçlenmesiyle ilişkili toplam karbon emisyonu ve
perakendecilerden ardısmarlanmış (karşılanamamış, sonraya ertelenen, ingilizce:
backordered) ürünlerin ve talep fazlası ürünlerin sayısı olarak belirlenmiştir.
Geliştirilen model, hangi üreticiden, depolara ve oradan perakendecilere,
perakendecilerin talebine cevap vermek için ne kadar miktarlarda taşınacağını,
hangi fabrika ve depoların hangi boyutlarda açılacağını, depolardaki envanter
miktarlarını da belirlemektedir. Bu çok amaçlı tam zamanında dağıtım
modellemesi içeren yeşil tedarik zinciri modelinin çözümü için Tiwari, Dharmar ve Rao (1987) tarafından geliştirilen
bulanık ağırlıklandırma yaklaşımı ilk defa kulanılmıştır. Pratik açıdan,
çelişen ve farklı birimlere sahip amaçların aynı anda optimize edilmesine
olanak verdiği için bu yöntem, yöneticiler ve karar vericiler açısından önem
taşımaktadır. Bu bulanık edinim yöntemi, yöneticilerin her bir hedef işlev için
göreli önemlerini belirlermesine imkan sağlaması da ayrıca önemlidir, çünkü bu
sayede yöneticiler, hedeflerin de birbirlerine göre önem derecelerini kendi
tedarik zincirlerine göre belirleyebilirler.

Keywords

Çok Amaçlı Optimizasyon, Yeşil Tedarik Zinciri, Tam Zamanında Dağıtım

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