The Evolution of European Union Development Cooperation Policy towards Sub-Saharan Africa: Achievements and Challenges

Year 2017, Volume: 20 Issue: 2, 183 - 191, 30.11.2017

Asligül Sarıkamış Kaya

https://doi.org/10.29249/selcuksbmyd.337816

Cited By: 1

Abstract

This article examines the evolution of the  European Union's(EU) development aid policy
towards sub-Saharan Africa since the 2000s by looking at its main achievements
and challenges.  As a leading donor of
world politics, the EU provides development and humanitarian aid to African
countries since the early period of European integration. In addition to aid
provision,  the EU is one of main trading
partner of African countries. Over the past two decades, the Union development cooperation
policy has undergone significant changes. Politically, it strengthened
political conditionalities and expanded the role of civil society in
development policy. Economically, it shifted from reciprocal trade preferences
to non-reciprocal trade preferences.  It
introduced performance-based aid allocations in aid management. With these changes,
the Union removed the peculiar characteristics of EU development cooperation
policy and followed global trends in its development cooperation policy.

Keywords

European Union, EU Development Cooperation Policy, Development Aid, sub-Saharan Africa

Avrupa Birliği’nin Sahra-Altı Afrika’ya Yönelik Kalkınma İşbirliği Politikasının Gelişimi: Başarılar ve Zorluklar

Abstract

Bu
makale, Avrupa Birliği’nin(AB) 2000’li yıllarda Sahra-altı Afrika’ya yönelik kalkınma
yardımı politikasının gelişimini bu politikanın başarıları ve zorlukları
açısından  incelemektedir. Dünya
siyasetinde önde gelen bir donör olarak AB Avrupa Bütünleşme sürecinin erken
dönemlerinden bu yana Afrika ülkelerine kalkınma ve insani yardım
sağlamaktadır. Kalkınma yardımlarına yanısıra, AB Afrika ülkelerinin başlıca
ticari ortaklarından biridir. Son 20 yılda, AB'nin kalkınma işbirliği
politikası önemli değişimler yaşamıştır. Siyasi anlamda, siyasi koşulluluk güçlenirken,
kalkınma yardımlarında sivil toplumun rolüne vurgu yapılmıştır. Ekonomik
anlamda ise karşılıklı ticari imtiyazlar, karşılıklı olmayan ticari imtiyazlara
dönüştürülmüştür. Yardımların yönetiminde ise, performansa dayalı yardım
tahsisleri getirilmiştir. Bu değişikliklerle AB kalkınma politikasının  kendine özgü özelliklerini kaldırmış ve kalkınma
işbirliği politikasında küresel eğilimleri takip etmiştir.

Keywords

Avrupa Birliği, AB Kalkınma İşbirliği Politikası, Kalkınma Yardımı, Sahta-altı Afrika

References

• Arts, Karin, (2005). Political Dialogue in a ‘New’ Framework. in Olufemi Babarinde and Gerrit Faber (eds). The European Union and Developing Countries. Netherlands: Brill NV.
• Babarinde, Olufemi and Faber, Gerrit (2004). From Lomé to Cotonou: Business as Usual?. European Foreign Affairs Review, 9(1), 27-47.
• Bionda, Karen Del (2011). Democracy Promotion Meets Development Cooperation: The EU as a Promoter of Democratic Governance in Sub-Saharan Africa. European Foreign Affairs Review, 16(5), 659-672.
• Bishop, Matthew Louis; Heron, Tony and Payne, Anthony (2013). Caribbean development alternatives and the CARIFORUM. Journal of International Relations and Development , 16(1), 82-110.
• Bretherton, Charlotte and Vogler, John (2013). A Global Actor Past its Peak?. International Relations,27(3), 375-390.
• Brown, William (2004). From Uniqueness to Uniformity? An Assessment of EU Development Aid Policies. In Karin Arts and Anna K. Dickson (eds). EU Development Cooperation: From Model to Symbol. Manchester: Manchester University Press.
• Carbone, Maurizio (2007). The European Union and International Development: The Politics of Foreign Aid. New York: Routledge.
• Carbone, Maurizio (2008). Mission Impossible: The European Union and Policy Coherence for Development. Journal of European Integration, 13(1), 323-342.
• Carbone, Maurizio. (2010). Mainstreaming Non-state Actors: Assessing Participation in EU-Pacific Relations”, in Paul Hoebink (ed.), European Development Cooperation: In Between the Local and the Global. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press.
• Carbone, Maurizio (2011). The EU and the Developing World: Partnership, Poverty, Politicization. In Christopher Hill and Michael Smith (eds.), International Relations and the European Union. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
• Claeys, Anne-Sophie (2004). Sense and Sensibility: The Role of France and French Interests in European Development Policy Since 1957. In Karin Arts and Anna K. Dickson (eds). EU Development Cooperation: From Model to Symbol. Manchester: Manchester University Press.
• Elgström, Ole and Pilegaard, Jess (2008). Imposed Coherence: Negotiating Economic Partnership Agreements”. Journal of European Integration, 30(3), 363-380.
• Elgström, Ole (2009). From Cotonou to EPA Light: A Troubled Negotiation Process. Gerrit Faber and Jan Orbie (eds). Beyond Market Access for Economic Development: EU-Africa Relations in Transition. London: Routledge.
• Elgström, Ole (2010). Partnership in Peril? Images and Strategies in EU-ACP Economic Partnership Agreement Negotiations. In Sonia Lucarelli and L. Fioramontri (eds). External Perceptions of the European Union as a Global Actor. London: Routledge.
• Engel, Ulf and Olsen, Gorm Rye (2005). Global Politics and Africa – and Africa in International Relations Theory, in Ulf Engel and Gorm Rye Olsen (eds). Africa and the North: Between Globalization and Marginalization. Oxon: Routledge.
• Faber, Gerrit and Orbie, Jan (2009). Everything But Arms: Much More than Appears at First Sight. Journal of Common Market Studies, 47(4), 767–787. European Commission (2013, 23 April). Key facts on the Joint Africa-EU Strategy. MEMO/13/367.
• Farrell, Mary (2011). The European Union and Africa: Partnership, Governance and (Re-)evolving Relations. In Jens-Uwe Wunderlich and David J. Bailey (eds). The European Union and Global Governance: A Handbook. London: Routledge.
• Flint, Adrian (2008). Trade, Poverty and the Environment: The EU, Cotonou and the African-Caribbean-Pacific Bloc. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
• Holden, Patrick (2009). In Search of Structural Power: EU Aid Policy as a Global Political Instrument. Farnham: Ashgate.
• Hurt, Stephen R. (2010). Understanding EU Development Policy: history, global context and self-interest?. Third World Quarterly. 31(1), 159-168.
• Laporte, Geert (2007). The Cotonou Partnership Agreement: What role in a changing world? Reflections on the future of ACP-EU relations. ECDPM Policy Management Report 13.
• Lundsgaarde, Erik (2012). The Future of Africa-EU Strategy, in Jack Mangala (ed.). Africa and the European Union: A Strategic Partnership. Available at: http://www.palgraveconnect.com/pc/doifinder/10.1057/9781137269478.0017
• Meyer, Stefan (2012). The Future of International Political Transformation in African States. In Erik Lundsgaarde (eds). Africa Toward 2030: Challenges for Development Policy. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
• OECD-DAC (2008). DAC Report on Multilateral Aid. Available on www.oecd.org/dac.
• Olivier, Gerrit (2011). From Colonialism to Partnership in Africa-Europe Relations?. The International Spectator, 46(1), 53-67.
• Portela, Clara (2010). European Union Sanctions and Foreign Policy: When and Why Do They Work?. Oxon: Routledge.
• Sicurelli, Daniela (2010). Regional Partners? Perceptions and Criticism at the African Union. In Sonia Lucarelli and Lorenzo Fioramonti (eds). External Perceptions of the EU as a Global Actor. Oxon: Routledge.
• Sheahan, Linda, et.al. (2010). Benign Partner or Benign Master? Economic Partnership Agreement Negotiations between the European Union and the Pacific Island. European Foreign Affairs Review, 15(3), 347-366.
• Smith, Karen E. (2004). The ACP in the European Union’s Network of Regional Relationships: Still Unique or Just One in the Crowd?. In Karin Arts and Anna K. Dickson (eds). EU Development Cooperation: From Model to Symbol. Manchester: Manchester University Press.
• United Nations Industrial Development Organization (2004). Industrialisation, Environment and Millennium Development Goals in Sub-Saharan Africa: The New Frontier in the Fight Against Poverty. Industrial Development Report, Vienna.
• Van Reisen, Mirjam (2007). The Enlarged EU and the Developing World. In Andrew Mold (ed.). EU Development Policy in a Changing World. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press.
• Vanheukelom, Jan; Mackie, James and Bossuyt, Jean (2006). Political Dimensions: Introductory Note. ECDPM Seminar:The Cotonou Partnership Agreement: What role in a changing world?. Maastricht: ECDPM.
• Whitfield, Lindsay (2009). The Politics of Aid: African Strategies for Dealing Donors. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
• Woolcock, Stephen (2012). European Union Economic Diplomacy: The Role of the EU in External Economic Relations. Surrey: Ashgate.