Entegre ÇKKV Yöntemlerine Dayalı Uluslararası Pazar Seçimi: Demir Çelik Sektörü Üzerine Bir Çalışma

Year 2024, Volume: 27 Issue: 1, 274 - 293, 30.04.2024

Emre Kadir Özekenci

https://doi.org/10.29249/selcuksbmyd.1440711

Abstract

Uluslararası Pazar Seçimi (UPS), yerel sınırlarının ötesinde büyüme ve genişleme arayan şirketler için çok önemlidir. UPS, riskleri en aza indirmek ve uluslararası pazarlarda uzun vadeli başarı elde etmek için çeşitli faktörlerin dikkatli bir şekilde değerlendirilmesini gerektiren stratejik bir karardır. Bu doğrultuda, bu çalışmada demir-çelik sektöründe faaliyet gösteren ihracatçı firmalar için en uygun pazar alternatiflerinin ortaya çıkarılması amaçlanmıştır. Toplam yirmi üç pazar alternatifi on kritere göre değerlendirilmiştir. Alternatifler ve kriterler literatür taraması ve uzman görüşleri doğrultusunda belirlenmiştir. Kriter ağırlıkları, FUCOM ve LOPCOW yöntemleri ile hesaplanmıştır. Kriterlerin ağırlığı belirlendikten sonra alternatifler SPOTIS, RSMVC, CoCoSo ve Borda Sayım yöntemleri kullanılarak sıralanmıştır. Sonuçlar, ticaret dengesi ve GSYİH'nın sırasıyla en önemli ve en az önemli kriterler olduğunu göstermiştir. Genel sonuçlar, Kanada, BAE, Almanya, Japonya ve Malezya'nın en iyi pazar alternatifleri olduğunu, Venezuela, Meksika, Peru, Kolombiya ve İngiltere'nin demir çelik ihracatçısı şirketler için en kötü pazar alternatifleri olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. Buna ek olarak, sonuçların tutarlılığını gözlemlemek için duyarlılık analizi yapılmıştır.

Keywords

UPS, Demir ve çelik sektörü, İhracat, ÇKKV

International Market Selection Based on Integrated MCDM Methods: A Case Study of Iron and Steel Sector

Abstract

International Market Selection (IMS) is crucial for companies seeking growth and expansion beyond their domestic boundaries. IMS is a strategic decision that requires careful evaluation of several factors to minimize risks and achieve long-term success in international markets. Accordingly, this study aims to find out optimal market alternatives for exporter companies operated in iron and steel sector. A total of twenty-three market alternatives were evaluated based on ten criteria. The alternatives and criteria were determined by literature review and expert opinions. The weight of criteria was calculated by the FUCOM and LOPCOW methods. Once the weight of criteria was determined, the alternatives were ranked using the SPOTIS, RSMVC, CoCoSo and Borda Count methods. The results showed that balance of trade and GDP were the most and least important criteria, respectively. Overall results revealed that Canada, the UAE, Germany, Japan and Malaysia were the best market alternatives, while Venezuela, Mexico, Peru, Colombia and the UK were the worst market alternatives for iron and steel exporter companies. Additionally, the sensitivity analysis was carried out to observe the robustness of the results.

Keywords

IMS, Iron and steel sector, Exports, MCDM

References

• Aghdaie, M. H., & Alimardani, M. (2015). Target market selection based on market segment evaluation: a multiple attribute decision making approach. International Journal of Operational Research, 24(3), 262-278.
• Aghdaie, M. H., Zolfani, S. H., & Zavadskas, E. K. (2013). Market segment evaluation and selection based on application of fuzzy AHP and COPRAS-G methods. Journal of Business Economics and Management, 14(1), 213-233.
• Aghdaie, M. H., Zolfani, S. H., Rezaeinia, N., & Mehri-Tekmeh, J. (2011). A hybrid fuzzy MCDM approach for market segments evaluation and selection. In 2011 International Conference on Management and Service Science (pp. 1-4). IEEE.
• Ali, T., Chiu, Y. R., Aghaloo, K., Nahian, A. J., & Ma, H. (2020). Prioritizing the existing power generation technologies in Bangladesh’s clean energy scheme using a hybrid multi-criteria decision-making model. Journal of Cleaner Production, 267, 121901.
• Aydin, F., & Gümüş, B. (2022). Comparative analysis of multi-criteria decision-making methods for the assessment of optimal SVC location. Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences, 70(2).
• Aytekin, A., Görçün, Ö. F., Ecer, F., Pamucar, D., & Karamaşa, Ç. (2023). Foreign market selection of suppliers through a novel REF-Sort technique. Kybernetes, 52(11), 4958-4992.
• Baena-Rojas, J. J., Mackenzie-Torres, T. M., Cuesta-Giraldo, G., & Tabares, A. (2023). A hybrid multi-criteria decision-making technique for international market selection in SMEs. Polish Journal of Management Studies, 27.
• Calik, A. (2020). Hedef pazar seçimi için hibrit BWM-ARAS karar verme modeli. Manisa Celal Bayar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 18(3), 196-210.
• Cano, J., Campo, E., & Gómez-Montoya, R. (2017). International market selection using fuzzy weighing and Monte Carlo simulation. Polish Journal of Management Studies, 16(2), 40-50.
• Demir, G., & Arslan, R. (2022). Sensitivity Analysis in Multi-Criterion Decision-Making Problems. Ankara Hacı Bayram Veli Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 24(3), 1025-1056.
• Demir, G., Chatterjee, P., & Pamucar, D. (2024). Sensitivity analysis in multi-criteria decision making: A state-of-the-art research perspective using bibliometric analysis. Expert Systems with Applications, 237, 121660.
• Dezert, J., Tchamova, A., Han, D., & Tacnet, J. M. (2020, July). The SPOTIS rank reversal free method for multi-criteria decision-making support. In 2020 IEEE 23rd International Conference on Information Fusion (FUSION) (pp. 1-8). IEEE.
• Ecer, F., & Pamucar, D. (2022). A novel LOPCOW‐DOBI multi‐criteria sustainability performance assessment methodology: An application in developing country banking sector. Omega, 112, 102690.
• Ergün, Ü. R. (2023). Türkiye'nin Politik Küreselleşmesinde Demir Çelik Sektörünün Rolü: Yapısal Kırılmalı Zaman Serisi Analizi. 19 Mayıs Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 4(4), 252-267.
• Fidan, H. (2021). CRITIC ve MAIRCA çok kriterli karar verme yöntemi ile uluslararası hedef pazar seçimi. Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey Üniversitesi Sosyal ve Ekonomik Araştırmalar Dergisi, 23(41), 291-309.
• Górecka, D., & Szałucka, M. (2013). Country market selection in international expansion using multicriteria decision aiding methods. Multiple criteria decision making, (8), 32-55.
• Günay, F., & Toksöz, D. (2023, October). Multi-Criteria Decision Making in Determining an International Target Market in Tourism: The Case of Türkiye. In Proc. of the Balkan 9th International Conference on Social Sciences, Edirne, Türkiye.
• Hashemkhani Zolfani, S., Ebadi Torkayesh, A., Ecer, F., Turskis, Z., & Šaparauskas, J. (2021). International market selection: a MABA based EDAS analysis framework. Oeconomia Copernicana, 12 (1), 99–124.
• He, X., Lin, Z., & Wei, Y. (2016). International market selection and export performance: a transaction cost analysis. European Journal of Marketing, 50(5/6), 916-941.
• Ighravwe, D., & Babatunde, M. (2018). Selection of a mini-grid business model for developing countries using CRITIC-TOPSIS with interval type-2 fuzzy sets. Decision Science Letters, 7(4), 427-442.
• Keshavarz Ghorabaee, M., Amiri, M., Kazimieras Zavadskas, E., & Antuchevičienė, J. (2017). Assessment of third-party logistics providers using a CRITIC-WASPAS approach with interval type-2 fuzzy sets. Transport, 32(1), 66-78.
• Konak, A., & Kamaci, A. (2019). Effects Of Iron-Steel Sector on Global Competition, Economic Growth and Unemployment. Yönetim ve Ekonomi Dergisi, 26(1), 49-70.
• Maliene, V., Dixon-Gough, R., & Malys, N. (2018). Dispersion of relative importance values contributes to the ranking uncertainty: Sensitivity analysis of Multiple Criteria Decision-Making methods. Applied Soft Computing, 67, 286-298.
• Mobin, M., Dehghanimohammadabadi, M., & Salmon, C. (2014). Food product target market prioritization using MCDM approaches. In Proc. of the 2014 Industrial and Systems Engineering Research Conference (ISERC), Montreal, Canada.
• Nabavi, S. R., Wang, Z., & Rangaiah, G. P. (2023). Sensitivity Analysis of Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Methods for Engineering Applications. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 62(17), 6707-6722.
• Oey, E., Noviyanti, & Sanny, L. (2018). Evaluating international market selection with multi-criteria decision-making tools-a case study of a metal company in Indonesia. International Journal of Business Excellence, 16(3), 341-361.
• Özekenci, E. K. (2023). Assessing the Logistics Market Performance of Developing Countries By SWARA-CRITIC Based CoCoSo Methods. LogForum, 19(3).
• Pamučar, D., Stević, Ž., & Sremac, S. (2018). A new model for determining weight coefficients of criteria in mcdm models: Full consistency method (FUCOM). Symmetry, 10(9), 393.
• Papadopoulos, N., & Denis, J. E. (1988). Inventory, taxonomy and assessment of methods for international market selection. International marketing review, 5(3), 38-51.
• Papadopoulos, N., & Martín Martín, O. (2011). International market selection and segmentation: perspectives and challenges. International marketing review, 28(2), 132-149.
• Papadopoulos, N., Chen, H., & Thomas, D. R. (2002). Toward a tradeoff model for international market selection. International business review, 11(2), 165-192.
• Rahman, S. H. (2003). Modelling of international market selection process: a qualitative study of successful Australian international businesses. Qualitative market research: An international Journal, 6(2), 119-132.
• Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Trade. (2023). Target Market for Export – 2023. Retrieved from: https://www.idmib.org.tr/tr/bilgi-merkezi-duyurular-2023-yili-ihracatta-hedef-ulkeler-listesi.html (13.02.2024)
• Sukoroto, S., Haryono, S., & Kharisma, B. (2020). Target Market Selection Using MCDM Approach: A Study of Rolling Stock Manufacturer. Journal of Distribution Science, 18(7), 63-72.
• Topcu, I., Ülengin, F., Kabak, Ö., Isik, M., Unver, B., & Ekici, S. O. (2019). The evaluation of electricity generation resources: The case of Turkey. Energy, 167, 417-427.
• Tosun, N. (2017). Target market selection in fresh fruit-vegetable sector using fuzzy VIKOR method. Journal of Management Marketing and Logistics, 4(4), 465-471.
• Triantaphyllou, E., & Sánchez, A. (1997). A sensitivity analysis approach for some deterministic multi‐criteria decision‐making methods. Decision sciences, 28(1), 151-194.
• Ünal, Z., & İpekçi Çetin, E. (2019). Gübre üreticisinin hedef pazar seçiminde bütünleşik AHP-TOPSIS yöntemi. Mediterranean Agricultural Sciences, 32(3), 357-364.
• Van Dua, T., & Thinh, H. X. (2023). RSMVC: A New-Simple Method to Select the Cutting Tool Base on Multi Criteria. Journal of Applied Engineering Science, 21(1), 167-175.
• Vanegas-López, J. G., Baena-Rojas, J. J., López-Cadavid, D. A., & Mathew, M. (2021). International market selection: an application of hybrid multi-criteria decision-making technique in the textile sector. Review of International Business and Strategy, 31(1), 127-150.
• Yavuz, V. (2016). Coğrafi Pazar Seçiminde Promethee ve Entropi Yöntemlerine Dayali Çok Kriterli Bir Analiz: Mobilya Sektöründe Bir Uygulama. Niğde Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 9(2), 163-177.
• Yazdani, M., Zarate, P., Kazimieras Zavadskas, E., & Turskis, Z. (2019). A combined compromise solution (CoCoSo) method for multi-criteria decision-making problems. Management Decision, 57(9), 2501-2519.
• Yilmaz, K., Öztürk, Y., & Burdurlu, E. (2017). Çok Ölçütlü Karar Verme Yaklaşimi Ile Mobilya İşletmeleri İçin Hedef Pazar Seçimi. İleri Teknoloji Bilimleri Dergisi, 6(3), 744-756.