Reflections of Fear of Crime, Crime Victimization and Gender in the Social Context in Older Adults: A Study on Social Support, Trust and Participation

Abstract

Fear of crime, a significant issue in urban studies, criminology, and aging research, negatively affects the quality of life, health, and well-being by fostering insecurity. Among older adults, a heightened fear of crime can lead to social isolation, reduced trust, and lower participation. This study examines the impact of gender, fear of crime, and crime victimization on social support, trust, and participation among elderly individuals using MANOVA with European Social Survey data. The sample includes 9,874 participants aged 65+ from 28 countries. Findings indicate that gender, fear of crime, and victimization significantly influence older adults’ social engagement. Fear of crime plays a stronger role in shaping social trust, support, and participation than victimization experience. While victimization has a weaker impact, it may still reduce social participation. Gender effects were minimal, but women reported a higher fear of crime. These findings highlight the need for strategies to mitigate the fear of crime, enhance social support systems, foster trust, and promote participation among the elderly.

Keywords

• Fear of crime
• Older Adults
• Social support
• Social trust
• European Social Survey

Yaşlı Bireylerde Suç Korkusu, Suç Mağduriyeti ve Cinsiyetin Toplumsal Bağlamdaki Yansımaları: Sosyal Destek, Güven ve Katılım Üzerine Bir İnceleme

Abstract

Kent çalışmaları, kriminoloji ve yaşlanma araştırmalarında sıkça ele alınan suç korkusu, kişinin kendini güvende hissetmemesine neden olarak yaşam kalitesi, sağlık ve refah üzerinde olumsuz etki gösterir. Özellikle yaşlı nüfus arasında suç korkusunun artması toplumsal izolasyonu tetikleyerek sosyal güven, katılım ve sosyal destek düzeylerinin düşmesine yol açabilir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Avrupa Sosyal Araştırması (European Social Survey) verilerini kullanarak yaşlı bireyler arasında, cinsiyet, suç korkusu ve suç mağduriyeti değişkenlerinin, sosyal destek, sosyal güven ve sosyal katılım düzeyleri üzerindeki etkilerini MANOVA (Çok Değişkenli Varyans Analizi) yöntemi ile incelemektir. Çalışma 65 yaş ve üzeri bireylerden oluşan, 28 farklı ülkeden elde edilen ve toplamda N=9874 katılımcının yer aldığı geniş bir örneklem üzerinden gerçekleştirilmiştir. Sonuçlar, cinsiyet, suç korkusu ve suç mağduriyeti gibi faktörlerin, yaşlı bireylerin sosyal destek, sosyal güven ve sosyal katılım düzeyleri üzerinde anlamlı etkileri olduğunu göstermiştir. Suç korkusu, yaşlı bireylerin sosyal destek, sosyal güven ve sosyal katılımında mağduriyet deneyimine göre daha belirleyici bir faktördür. Mağduriyet deneyimi ise suç korkusu kadar güçlü bir etkiye sahip olmamakla birlikte yaşlı bireylerin sosyal katılım eğilimlerini kısmen etkileyebilir. Cinsiyetin etkisi oldukça sınırlı kalmış, ancak kadınların suç korkusunu daha fazla yaşadıkları gözlemlenmiştir. Araştırma bulgularının, yaşlı nüfusun suç korkusunun azaltılması, sosyal destek sistemlerinin güçlendirilmesi, güven ortamının iyileştirilmesi ve sosyal katılımın artırılmasına yönelik stratejilerin geliştirilmesinde temel oluşturması beklenmektedir.

Keywords

• Suç korkusu
• Yaşlılar
• Sosyal destek
• Sosyal güven
• Avrupa Güven Araştırması

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